I/D 57 – General Council, March 2000 -- SPIRITAN LAY ASSOCIATES -- Where are they? -- (pg. 1) -- What do they do? -- (pg. 2) -- What do they say about themselves? -- (pg. 3) -- OUR RECENT HISTORY (some important moments) -- (pg. 6) -- WHAT OF THE FUTURE? -- (pg. 7)

It is the purpose of this thesis to trace the influence on the development of Tolstoy as a literary genius of several women with whom he came in close contact during his long life. The first woman considered is Countess Mary Tolstoy, the saintly mother who died when her son was less than two years old. All that he knew of her, he learned indirectly from her letters and diary, from old servants, friends, and relatives, and more especially from "Aunt" Tatyana Yergolskaya. However, her influence was so great, inspite of the fact that he never remembered her personally, that she must occupy a prominent place in this work. She became for her famous son an ideal, a seeker for truth, a mother-image and a standard of self-sacrificing womanhood against which, throughout his life all women were measured and fell short. Another woman whose influence on Tolstoy was somewhat indirect was his "Aunt" Alexandra Andreievna Tolstoy, to whom he wrote and in whom he confided from his early manhood till her death in 1903, but whom he rarely met. His correspondence with her has been used in this thesis. The woman who had the most direct influence on Tolstoy during his early formative years was Tatyana Yergolskaya. It was she who not only kept always before him the image of his saintly mother, but who herself became its reflection. It was she who created the warm nest, protecting him from the cold realities of life and making his future adjustment so difficult; who through, her loving self-sacrifice developed his egoism; and who first inspired him to write. Amongst the women with whom Tolstoy fell in love, Valeria Arseniev held a unique position. It was not that she influenced him directly, but indirectly she contributed to his development, in that during his courtship, while weighing the advisability of marriage, Tolstoy crystalized his ideas of what a wife should be, and what role she should play in his life. Valeria fell short of his ideal of womanhood and his conception of a help-mate. He searched elsewhere. The greatest influence on his genius was undoubtedly his wife, Sophia. Having found the woman who, he felt, measured up as closely as possible to his requirements of a self-sacrificing worker, an intellectual companion and literary helper, a loyal, dedicated loving mother, he married in haste. Prom 1862-1877 Sophia's influence was paramount. Believing in her mission, to.be nurse to his genius, she created the atmosphere conducive to his writing; she gave him the stable home life with a large family that he wanted and needed as anchor; she encouraged him to write by her unflagging belief in his talent and her adroit use of flattery, cajolery, and gentle prodding; she made it possible for him to devote all his powers to purely creative work by tirelessly transcribing and intelligently criticizing his work; and she cared for his physical and mental wellbeing by taking off his shoulders, as far as she was able, the weight of mundane matters to do with family, estate, business, and publishing. But even she fell short of the mother-image. In later life the moralist and the seeker transcended the creative artist. Here, Sophia would not, and indeed could not, follow her husband. She could not see the god for the feet of clay. With his last artistic work, Resurrection, her influence ceased and her work ended. She who had been his help-mate in his literary work became his cross in his moral labour. Tolstoy owed a tremendous debt to the women who had influenced his life, but for once, the seer was blind — he could not see the forest for the trees. At seventy-one he said that his opinion of women had been falling for seventy years — this enigmatic statement can be explained. Each woman in his life fell short of his ideal mother-image. / Arts, Faculty of / Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of / Graduate

This study involved an analysis of the competitive philosophy and market structures of the European Economic Community. The investigation was concerned with market power both within the EEC itself and between the EEC and its eighteen African Associates. Although the present Association is in part a vestige of the colonial era, its economic nature is closely related to the economic nature of the EEC. It was the object of this study to define these characteristics, showing how they evolved from forces concomitant with postwar recovery and integration.

After failing to solve items from the Remote Associates Test (RAT), subjects showed significant priming effects when the solutions were presented in a lexical-decision task (Experiment 1). Experiments 2 and 3 found no significant priming effect when subjects were asked merely to remember the RAT elements, or for targets that were associates of only two of the three elements in incoherent RAT items. Experiment 4 showed that identifying a correct solution took longer than lexical decision, and that the probability of correct identifications for a given item was uncorrelated to the priming effect for the item. Experiment 5 yielded item-difficulty norms for 68 RAT items as well as a replication of the priming effect observed for unsolved items in Experiment 1. In Experiment 6, a significant priming was observed for targets that were solutions to hard items but not for solutions to easy items. This research provides evidence for implicit problem-solving, which is nonconscious but not automatic, and is neither a perceptual nor a purely memory-related phenomenon.

"The purpose of this study is to compile useful information regarding the merits of a specific kind of multi-level reading program. Another purpose in this study is to ascertain, insofar as is possible, the reaction of both educators and students to such a program. The scope of the study encompasses two major areas: (1) an historical approach, consisting of a review of the literature in the entire field of multi-level reading materials, (2) an evaluation, through the use of an opinionnaire, which was sent to Florida educators who have used the materials"--Introduction. / Typescript. / "June, 1961." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science." / Advisor: Mildred Swearingen, Professor Directing Study. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 51-53).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis examines Walt Whitman's friendships with many of his contemporaries in New York, Boston, Washington and Camden, and highlights the differences among them.

Through a second look at the now twenty-five-year-old literature on guanxi, a form of reciprocal relationship making and using in China, I examine how the kinds of opportunities and challenges possible for young people intersect with who they know and how this has changed (with its own set of reflections on and consequences for a still-rapidly changing China) since China’s rural to urban transition. My dissertation project examines how young people in contemporary urban China form and produce guanxi ties (resource-full relationships) through the theoretical lens of practice and possibility, inspired by de Certeau’s conceptualization of practice, productive consumption, and strategies versus tactics (1984). Drawing on qualitative data gathered through participant observation and unstructured interviews, I sought to both describe and analyze when, where, and how social networks became consequential. Central to my methodology is an emphasis on people and their practices rather than the common sense categories used to describe them. The people in my field research were predominantly aged 18-30 and came from a range of ethnic, professional, and education backgrounds. In so doing, I was able to examine the moments and contexts within which some people have opportunities and others do not, as well as when some are vulnerable while others are less so. I found that social networks can be formed in a variety of spaces, and sometimes most saliently in moments of serendipity. Chance encounters in spaces of play, without the artifice of traditional and structured gift-giving practices of building guanxi, provided people with opportunities and potential alternatives outside of more stringent work hierarchies. Ultimately, who people knew – their social networks – shaped the ways in which they experienced circumstances of precarity, instability, and possibility.

Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States, with rates increasing over the past several decades. This study examined whether problem-solving performance differs in those with no suicide ideation or attempts compared to those with only suicide ideation and with those with a history of attempts. Results demonstrated that when accounting for depression, problem-solving accuracy was positively predictive for the suicidal ideation group. Furthermore, the suicidal ideation group solved more problems on average than both those with no history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors and the suicide attempt group. The current study was somewhat underpowered and therefore should be interpreted with caution. Additionally, this is the first study to use the problem-solving task when investigating suicide and the first to use the task in an online manner. The findings suggest some meaningful differences that will lay the groundwork for future investigations.

Metamemory effects under retroactive interference (RI) were tested using a modified RI paradigm in order to determine whether relatedness of word pairs impacts metamemory predictions and to investigate the bases of these predictions. Conflicting findings from prior research suggested that the relatedness of materials used to test RI could produce disparate effects; some studies showed association between memory and metamemory but other studies showed dissociation between the two. The experiments consisted of four phases: original and interpolated study, prediction, and test; participants were tested on the words encountered at original study. By comparing predictions to recall, we determined that memory and metamemory were dissociated under RI regardless of cue-target relatedness and regardless of the relatedness of targets from original to interpolated study. Additionally, the findings support the use of the accessibility heuristic to make metamemory predictions under RI. The results support a separate systems viewpoint.