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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Polyoxométallates dendritiques énantiopurs recyclables pour la catalyse asymétrique / Recoverable enantiopure polyoxometalate cored dendrimers for asymmetric reactions

Jahier, Claire 18 November 2010 (has links)
Les polyoxométallates (POMs) dendritiques constituent une catégorie de catalyseursrelativement nouvelle. L’association d’un dendrimère avec un polyoxométallate permet debénéficier des propriétés catalytiques intéressantes des POMs et de pouvoir modifier cespropriétés en variant la structure du dendrimère. Une variété de composés hybrides POMsdendritiques a été préparée par formation de liaisons ioniques entre une unité POM anioniqueachirale et des cations dendritiques énantiopurs. Ces composés se sont montrés très efficacespour la catalyse d’oxydation asymétrique, avec une stéréosélectivité significative. Cesrésultats ont démontré pour la première fois un transfert de chiralité d’une structure organiqueénantiopure vers une unité POM achirale. Ces composés sont stables et recyclables dans desconditions douces, sans perte significative de réactivité et de stéréosélectivité. / Polyoxometalates (POMs) represent a new generation of catalysts. Association of dendrimersand POMs allows modification of POM catalytic properties by modifying the dendrimerstructure. Several dendritic POM hybrid compounds have been prepared by ionic bondformation between an anionic POM unit and enantiopure dendritic cations. These compoundsare efficient for asymmetric oxidation catalysis with significant stereoselectivity. Theseresults have shown, for the first time, a chirality transfer from an enantiopure organicstructure to an achiral POM unit. These compounds are stable and recoverable under mildconditions without any significant loss of reactivity and stereoselectivity.
2

Asymetric oxidation reactions catalyzed by chiral substituted polymers / nanoclusters; synthesis of 6-(dimethylamino)-2-phenylisoindolin-1-one derivative.

Hao, Bo January 1900 (has links)
Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Chemistry / Duy H. Hua / The discovery of new methodologies to advance the fields of synthetic organic, nanoclusters, and polymer chemistry is critical in the asymmetric synthesis of organic compounds. Particularly, catalytic asymmetric oxidation reactions are economic. The oxidation reactions provide chiral molecules and additional functionality onto the molecules for functional group manipulation. New kinds of polymers, namely chiral-substituted poly-N-vinylpyrrolidinones (CSPVPs), stabilize the bimetallic nanoclusters such as Pd/Au or Cu/Au and induce chirality. These chiral polymers wrap around the nanometer-sized (~3 nm) bimetallic nanoclusters and catalyze a number of enantioselective oxidation reactions using oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. Cycloalkanediols were asymmetrically oxidized by 1 atm of oxygen gas to yield the corresponding hydroxyl ketone under the catalysis of Pd/Au (3:1) – CSPVP nanoclusters. Alkenes were oxidized by Pd/Au (3:1)-CSPVP nanoclusters under 2 atmospheric of oxygen in water to give the syn-dihydroxylated products in high chemical and excellent optical yields. Various cycloalkanes underwent regio- and enantio-selective C-H oxidation with Cu/Au (3:1)-CSPVP and 30% hydrogen peroxide to produce the corresponding chiral oxo-molecules in very good to excellent chemical and optical yields. We further discovered an enantioselective desymmetrization of , -dialkenyl-alkanols and , -dialkenyl-amino acid ethyl esters to give chiral disubstituted lactones and lactams, respectively. A number of medium-sized natural products and drugs were also oxidized regioselectively to give the corresponding mono-oxygenated products. A broad-spectrum predictive C-H oxidation of complex molecules is possible. Chapter 1 mainly discussed the synthesis and characterization of the new classes of chiral substituted PVP and bimetallic nanoclusters. Chapter 2 focus on various kind of oxidation reactions by the catalysis of CSPVP stabilized bimetallic nanoclusters. Among various bioluminescence assays, firefly luciferase based bioluminescence assays are popular due to their high specific activity, low background noise and ease of use. However, it has been found that some aromatic carboxylic acid substantially inhibited the firefly luciferase reporter enzyme’s activity. In order to study firefly luciferase inhibition and the proteins associated with inhibition mechanism, we designed two 6-(dimethylamino)-2-phenylisoindolin-1-one derivatives as probe molecules. The synthesis of one probe molecule is discussed in Chapter 3 and the further investigation of its inhibitory activity on firefly luciferase is being conducted by our collaborate.
3

Catalyse avec des métalloporphyrines : oxydation asymétrique et transfert de carbènes / Catalysis with metalloporphyrins : asymmetric oxidation and carbene transfer reactions

Srour, Hassan 14 October 2013 (has links)
La mission centrale de la chimie verte est d'inventer de nouveaux procédés non polluants pour remplacer les technologies peu favorables à l'environnement. L'emploi de métaux de transition relativement non toxiques en quantités catalytiques associés à des ligands chiraux a permis de réaliser une avancée dans le domaine de la synthèse asymétrique. Dans ce travail, nous avons mis en évidence la possibilité de l'utilisation du peroxyde d'hydrogène, un oxydant vert et économique, en association avec des métalloporphyrines hydrosolubles (Fe, Mn) pour effectuer des réactions d'oxydation asymétrique (sulfoxydation, époxydation et hydroxylation). Ces systèmes représentatifs d'un modèle de l'effet « shunt » des enzymes monooxygénases dérivées de la famille cytochrome P450 sont très efficaces. Ils conduisent dans certains cas à des excès énantiomériques élevés (82%). D'autre part, nous avons développé les réactions de transfert de carbènes dans l'eau (insertion N-H et cyclopropanation asymétrique) catalysées par des porphyrines de fer. L'utilisation du fer comme métal a permis de surmonter plusieurs limites souvent rencontrées avec d'autres métaux (Ru, Rh) lors des réactions de transfert de carbènes dans l'eau. Comme application de la réaction d'insertion N-H, nous avons réalisé la bio-conjugaison régiosélective de l'insuline avec une conversion très élevée (90%). / The goal of green chemistry is to promote the research and the development of innovative chemical technologies in order to reduce the contamination of environment. Significant progress in this field has been made by using relatively non toxic transition metal and chiral ligands to catalyze enantioselective transformations. In this work, we have reported the combination of hydrogen peroxide as environmentally benign and atom-economically oxidant with water-soluble metalloporphyrins (Fe, Mn) for the asymmetric oxidation of sulfides, alkenes and C-H bonds. These catalytic systems widely studied as models of cytochrome P450, gave high enantiomeric excesses (ee up to 82%). In the other hand, we have developed carbene transfer reactions in water as « green » solvent catalyzed by water soluble iron porphyrins. This metal (Fe) has been found to overcome many limitations related to the use of other metals (Ru, Rh) in aqueous media. As an application of N-H insertion reaction, the regioselective bio-conjugation of insulin has been demonstrated with high conversion (90%).

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