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Condensados de Bose-Einstein com interação spin-órbita / Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit interactionAndriati, Alex Valerio 05 February 2018 (has links)
Nesta dissertação são estudados Condensados de Bose-Einstein de átomos com pseudo-spin 1/2 cuja dinâmica orbital está acoplada a estes dois níveis de energia internos. A geração de tal sistema é possível induzindo transições entre os subníveis m_f = -1 e m_f = 0 do estado hiperfino atômico f = 1 usando um arranjo de lasers, os quais também introduzem junto uma dependência espacial dada por suas fases, as quais estão relacionadas a posição do átomo no campo, levando assim à interação acoplando spin e órbita. É considerado então um sistema unidimensional efetivo na mesma direção do acoplamento dos lasers, onde são estudado diferentes observáveis do estado fundamental, para uma varredura dos parâmetros presentes na equação, dando origem a três fases diferenciadas pela distribuição do momento. Foram determinadas estas fases do estado fundamental para interação atrativa, sendo elas modulada(striped), onda plana e de momento nulo, mostrando a localização onde cada uma ocorre no domínio de parâmetros da equação, através de diagramas de fase. São também mostrados, separadamente, observáveis relevantes como momento e desbalanço entre os estados internos nestas transições, os quais apresentaram variações bruscas, ditando valores críticos nos parâmetros, onde ocorrem. Posteriormente é estudado a dinâmica através de soluções do tipo sóliton, as quais não se propagam linearmente e são ditadas por oscilações do centro de massa e das populações, explorando diferentes situações iniciais. / In the present dissertation it has been studied Bose-Einstein Condensation of atoms with 1/2 pseudo-spin whose the orbital dynamics is coupled to these two internal energy levels. The generation of such a system is done by inducing transitions between the sub-levels m_f = -1 and m_f = 0 from the hyperfine atomic state f = 1 using an arrangement of lasers, that also introduce a spacial dependence due to their phases, that changes accordingly the atom\'s position in the light field, conducting in this way to a interaction that couples orbital motion with spin. It is then considered an effective one dimensional system in the same direction of the laser coupling, where it has been studied different ground state observables, making a sweeping in the equation parameters, showing three typical phases based on momentum distribution. So far, it was determined these phases for attractive interactions, named striped, plane wave and zero momentum, determining as well the location where each one occurs in the equation\'s parameters through a phase diagram. It is also reported, separately, a few relevant observables as individual momentum of each population and the unbalance between the internal spin states, in the transition among these phases, whose the values present abrupt variations, dictating critical values for the parameters, where it occurs. Lately is presented a dynamical study with soliton like solutions, that do not linearly propagate and instead, shows a center of mass and unbalance oscillation, probing different initial conditions.
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Condensados de Bose-Einstein com interação spin-órbita / Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit interactionAlex Valerio Andriati 05 February 2018 (has links)
Nesta dissertação são estudados Condensados de Bose-Einstein de átomos com pseudo-spin 1/2 cuja dinâmica orbital está acoplada a estes dois níveis de energia internos. A geração de tal sistema é possível induzindo transições entre os subníveis m_f = -1 e m_f = 0 do estado hiperfino atômico f = 1 usando um arranjo de lasers, os quais também introduzem junto uma dependência espacial dada por suas fases, as quais estão relacionadas a posição do átomo no campo, levando assim à interação acoplando spin e órbita. É considerado então um sistema unidimensional efetivo na mesma direção do acoplamento dos lasers, onde são estudado diferentes observáveis do estado fundamental, para uma varredura dos parâmetros presentes na equação, dando origem a três fases diferenciadas pela distribuição do momento. Foram determinadas estas fases do estado fundamental para interação atrativa, sendo elas modulada(striped), onda plana e de momento nulo, mostrando a localização onde cada uma ocorre no domínio de parâmetros da equação, através de diagramas de fase. São também mostrados, separadamente, observáveis relevantes como momento e desbalanço entre os estados internos nestas transições, os quais apresentaram variações bruscas, ditando valores críticos nos parâmetros, onde ocorrem. Posteriormente é estudado a dinâmica através de soluções do tipo sóliton, as quais não se propagam linearmente e são ditadas por oscilações do centro de massa e das populações, explorando diferentes situações iniciais. / In the present dissertation it has been studied Bose-Einstein Condensation of atoms with 1/2 pseudo-spin whose the orbital dynamics is coupled to these two internal energy levels. The generation of such a system is done by inducing transitions between the sub-levels m_f = -1 and m_f = 0 from the hyperfine atomic state f = 1 using an arrangement of lasers, that also introduce a spacial dependence due to their phases, that changes accordingly the atom\'s position in the light field, conducting in this way to a interaction that couples orbital motion with spin. It is then considered an effective one dimensional system in the same direction of the laser coupling, where it has been studied different ground state observables, making a sweeping in the equation parameters, showing three typical phases based on momentum distribution. So far, it was determined these phases for attractive interactions, named striped, plane wave and zero momentum, determining as well the location where each one occurs in the equation\'s parameters through a phase diagram. It is also reported, separately, a few relevant observables as individual momentum of each population and the unbalance between the internal spin states, in the transition among these phases, whose the values present abrupt variations, dictating critical values for the parameters, where it occurs. Lately is presented a dynamical study with soliton like solutions, that do not linearly propagate and instead, shows a center of mass and unbalance oscillation, probing different initial conditions.
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Bose-Einstein Condensates in Synthetic Gauge Fields and Spaces: Quantum Transport, Dynamics, and Topological StatesChuan-Hsun Li (7046690) 14 August 2019 (has links)
<p>Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in
light-induced synthetic gauge fields and spaces
can provide a highly-tunable platform for quantum simulations. Chapter 1 presents
a short introduction to the concepts of BECs and our BEC machine. Chapter 2 introduces
some basic ideas of how to use light-matter interactions to create
synthetic gauge fields and spaces for neutral atoms. Three main research topics
of the thesis are summarized below.</p>
<p>Chapter 3:
Recently, using bosonic quasiparticles (including their condensates) as spin
carriers in spintronics has become promising for coherent spin transport over macroscopic
distances. However, understanding the effects of spin-orbit (SO) coupling and
many-body interactions on such a spin transport is barely explored. We study the
effects of synthetic SO coupling (which can be turned on and off, not allowed
in usual materials) and atomic interactions on the spin transport in an atomic
BEC.</p>
<p>Chapter 4:
Interplay between matter and fields in physical spaces with nontrivial geometries
can lead to phenomena unattainable in planar spaces. However, realizing such
spaces is often impeded by experimental challenges. We synthesize real and curved
synthetic dimensions into a Hall cylinder for a BEC, which develops symmetry-protected
topological states absent in the planar counterpart. Our work opens the door to
engineering synthetic gauge fields in spaces with a wide range of geometries and
observing novel phenomena inherent to such spaces.</p>
<p>Chapter 5:
Rotational properties of a BEC are important to study its superfluidity. Recent
studies have found that SO coupling can change a BEC's rotational and superfluid
properties, but this topic is barely explored experimentally. We study rotational
dynamics of a SO-coupled BEC in an effective rotating frame induced by a synthetic
magnetic field. Our work may allow for studying how SO coupling modify a BEC's
rotational and superfluid properties.</p>
<p>Chapter 6 presents
some possible future directions.</p>
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