Cette enquête postale a permis d'explorer les opinions, les croyances et les connaissances des diététistes et des médecins généralistes du Québec sur les aliments fonctionnels et les nutraceutiques (AFN). Quatre cent cinquante-neuf diététistes et 275 médecins ont répondu à notre questionnaire. L'enquête démontre que les diététistes et les médecins ont une attitude positive envers les AFN mais que des différences existent entre les deux corps professionnels. Les diététistes sont davantage intéressées, ont une opinion plus positive et de meilleures connaissances des AFN que les médecins. Les diététistes recommandent plus souvent des aliments fonctionnels que les médecins mais ceux-ci recommandent légèrement plus souvent des nutraceutiques. Pour les diététistes et les médecins, le fait de recommander ou non des AFN à leurs patients est influencé par leur intention d'en recommander et leur perception de contrôle sur ce comportement. La majorité des répondants avait recommandé des AFN à leurs patients dans l'année précédant l'enquête.

Résumé Problématique. La spirométrie permet d’objectiver l'obstruction des voies aériennes, mais reste sous-utilisée en soins primaires. Objectifs. Nous avons évalué, chez des médecins de famille enseignants et des résidents en médecine familiale, leur intention de prescrire la spirométrie chez des patients chez qui ils suspectent une maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique (MPOC) et celle d’en interpréter le résultat. Cette évaluation est fondée sur le cadre théorique proposé par Godin et al. pour l'étude des facteurs influençant le comportement des professionnels de la santé. Méthodes. Les participants à cette étude descriptive transversale ont été recrutés dans huit Unités de médecine familiale (UMFs) du réseau de l’Université Laval. Ils ont rempli un questionnaire autoadministré de 23 items mesurant leur intention de prescrire et d’interpréter les tests de spirométrie ainsi que certains déterminants de cette intention (croyances en ses capacités, croyances concernant les conséquences, influence sociale et norme morale). Les réponses à chacun des items du questionnaire ont été notées sur une échelle de Likert (score de 1 à 7) où un score plus élevé indiquait un plus grand accord avec l’énoncé. Résultats. Parmi les 284 médecins éligibles, 104 ont été inclus. Le score moyen ± écart type de l'intention des médecins de prescrire la spirométrie (6,6 ± 0,7) était plus élevé que celui d’en interpréter les résultats (5,8 ± 1,5). Les scores moyens de tous les déterminants de l’intention mesurés étaient également plus élevés pour la prescription que pour l’interprétation de la spirométrie. Conclusion. Les résultats suggèrent que les participants ont une très forte intention de prescrire la spirométrie. Même si l’intention d’en interpréter les résultats est positive, elle est plus faible que celle de prescrire le test. Des études supplémentaires seront nécessaires pour évaluer les barrières à l’interprétation des résultats de la spirométrie. / Background: Spirometry is the best test to demonstrate airway obstruction, but remains underused in primary care. Objectives: We assessed, among family medicine physician teachers and residents, their intention to prescribe spirometry in patients suspected of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their intention to interpret spirometry results. This evaluation is based on the theoretical framework proposed by Godin et al. for the study of factors influencing healthcare professionals’ behaviors. Methods. Participants of this descriptive cross-sectional study were recruited in eight Family medicine units (FMUs) of Laval University’s net. They completed a 23-item self-administered questionnaire measuring their intention to prescribe and to interpret spirometry as well as some determinants of this intention (beliefs about capabilities, beliefs about consequences, social influence and moral norm). Answers to each of the items in the questionnaire were scored on a Likert scale (score 1 to 7) where a higher score indicated a greater agreement with the statement. Results. Of the 284 eligible physicians, 104 were included. The mean score ± standard deviation of physicians' intention to prescribe spirometry (6.6 ± 0.7) was higher than to interpret the results (5.8 ± 1.5). Mean scores for all determinants of intention measured were also higher for prescription than for interpretation of spirometry. Conclusion. The results suggest that participants have a very strong intention to prescribe spirometry. Although the intention to interpret the results is positive, it is weaker than for the prescription of the test. Further studies will be needed to assess the barriers of spirometry interpretation.

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Call number: LD2668 .T4 1949 J57 / Master of Science

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2009. / Chiropractic in Israel has become a more integrated part of many aspects of health care policies, in that it is practised in multidisciplinary medical teams, is now included in HMOs and hospitals services, and has contributed to research and military programmes. However, the chiropractic profession still has its problems. Without laws or legitimate recognition to protect chiropractors, the playing fields could never be levelled for all chiropractors in Israel. Patient use and demand for complementary and alternative practitioners, including chiropractors, is gradually increasing. However, there has been no research to investigate the perceptions of chiropractors, medical doctors and chiropractic patients (i.e. key stakeholders) regarding the integration of the chiropractic profession in the Israeli health care system. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the perceptions of a selected group of stakeholders about the integration of the chiropractic profession in the Israeli health care system. Such an exploration might help the profession to secure its position and claim a higher status in society. This is desirable to educate the public and the authorities on the many positive advantages of chiropractic, include access to chiropractic services for people who traditionally have not been able to use these services because of economic barriers or internal government and authorities limiting laws, as well to enhance its public image such as honesty, integrity and objectivity in the health care, and to avoid any criticism of organized medicine. It therefore stands to reason that the factors that might contribute to this type of development should be considered as soon as possible in those countries where chiropractors practise. This type of investigation is important not only in the Israeli setting, but indeed in every country where the profession is aiming toward increased recognition and awareness of the contribution of chiropractic to health care. Chiropractic now has the opportunity to expand its influence and take a more active role in health care issues. Therefore, although geographically removed, South Africa stands to gain interesting and useful information from an investigation of this nature. The investigation was carried out within a post positivist approach close to that of critical realism, using an interpretive methodology. The sampling was purposive as individuals were targeted for their knowledge in three main topics, these being the scope of chiropractic practice, inter-professional relations between Doctors of Chiropractic (DCs) and Medical Doctors (MDs), and developmental issues. The participants included five chiropractors, three medical doctors and three chiropractic patients, who all resided in the metropolitan area of Tel Aviv. were presented in tabular form in order to facilitate analysis and interpretation. Although there were some discrepancies regarding the knowledge and background of the participants about the topics discussed, all the participants met the inclusion criteria. The results show that chiropractic stands at the crossroads of mainstream and alternative medicine. Therefore it is important to establish a leading statement on identity, which must be clear, concise and immediately relevant to both the public and the profession. Although inter-professional relations between MDs and DCs in Israel are improving, further research should be conducted to provide suggestions on how chiropractors can overcome barriers and improve communication with MDs and other health care professionals in the Israeli health care system. In general, the participants agreed that governmental legislation, recognition and support are important endorsements with respect to the societal relevance and development of the profession. Therefore issues such as public awareness of chiropractic education and scope of practice, research and evidence-based practice must be emphasized accordingly in order to facilitate the development of chiropractic practice in Israel.

The purpose of this study was to examine the cooperation between two parts of the Swedish prison and probation service, the prison and the probation office. More specifically its aim was to find the attitudes and the different work models surrounding this cooperation. To find my result I had interviews with six probation officers in two probation offices in south of Sweden. My questions were general and I choose follow-up questions during the interviews. The analysis was based on a cooperation theory. The conclusions of the study were that there are work models that have been brought in by the head office of the organization, that does not work properly and they are not popular by the staff. This keeps the probation officers from having a good cooperation with the staff from the prisons. The probation officers also have some attitudes toward the prison staff that keeps them from having a good cooperation. These attitudes are clearly shown during the prison and probation service’s staff education and somewhat continues to show up during the probation officers every day work. These problems can be explained through the cooperation theory as a lack of perquisite for a good cooperation.

Voluntary turnover is an important organizational issue with costs beyond monetary losses (Morrow & McElroy, 2007). Subsequently, the detrimental effects have engendered extensive research that has led to multiple turnover models attempting to unite antecedents to maximize the variance in predicting turnover and turnover intent (Griffeth et al., 2000). However, current models have omitted important aspects of an employee’s working experience. This dissertation addresses that gap; namely, the need to incorporate relational forces at work that keep individuals at their current organizations. The study integrates social relations and the traditional turnover model (Mobley, 1977) to examine the unique and joint effects of social relations in predicting turnover intent. An empirical study of two independent samples of full-time working individuals (N = 318; N = 235) endorsed a mixed methods approach to expand the measurement of social relations by examining social network content, strength, structure, and influence. Select work personality traits, work characteristics, and turnover outcomes were assessed via an online questionnaire. The results demonstrate that expressive link defection (i.e., friends leaving the organization), instrumental normative pressure to stay (i.e., advisors wanting employees to stay), and instrumental strength (i.e., frequency of contact with advisors) predict significant variance in turnover intent beyond traditional predictors. In addition, expressive link defection and instrumental normative pressure to stay had stronger relationships with turnover intent for longer tenured employees than shorter tenured employees.

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration