Le sujet de ce travail est le rôle du son dans le cinéma d’animation, à partir du concept d’audio-vision. Ce concept, provenant du théoricien Michel Chion, exprime une activité ou une modalité de la perception qui s’active –est qui est la face subjective– des produits audiovisuels qui dans le cas de l’animation donnent lieu à des expériences singulières. Le lieu de rencontre entre ces instances est la scène sémiotique d’une expérience de sens où une forme de textualité (résultat d’une écriture sonore et visuelle) inscrite dans un support matériel s’active et rencontre un corps vivant, qui la transforme en un récit audiovisuel, ou bien aussi en une pure expérience corporelle, rythmique ou vibratoire, qui est aussi une forme de sens. Cette scène pratique est comprise d’après le concept de dispositif, provenant de la théorie filmique, mais ici liée à la théorie de l’énonciation. Pour aborder cette scène si complexe, j’ai choisi de mettre l’accent sur un aspect particulier : le son, l’écoute, et les approches sémiotiques que se sont occupées de cette dimension de l’expérience perceptive, notamment la sémiotique du son. Pour tester cette approche, dans cette thèse on fait des analyses pratiques d’un type de productions animées que, selon le critère, on peut appeler « indépendantes », « expérimentales », ou même « abstraites » : les courts métrages animés de Norman McLaren et de Mirai Mizue. Néanmoins, pour éloignées que semblent ces productions de l’animation traditionnelle on va proposer qu’à la base de toutes ces productions il y a un même dispositif et un même type de pratique (dans le sens sémiotique du terme), un « faire technique » sur lequel on projettera des contenus divers (narratifs, dynamiques, musicaux, énergétiques). / The subject of this work is the role of sound in animation, from the concept of audio-vision. This concept, from theorist Michel Chion, expresses an activity or mode of perception that is activated –and that is is the subjective side- of audiovisual productions. In the case of animation this activity gives rise to unique experiences. The meeting point between these aspects is the semiotic scene of a meaningful experience, where a form of textuality (the result of an aural and a visual writing) registered in a physical medium, is activated by a living body. This experience is interpreted as an audio-visual narrative, or as a pure physical experience of rhythm and vibration, which is also a form of sense. This practical scene is understood from the concept of ‘apparatus’, coined in the field of the film theory, but connected here with enunciation theory. To address this complex scene, I chose to focus on a particular aspect: sound and listening, from a semiotic perspective. To test this approach, in this work I propose practical analysis of a type of animated productions that according to the criteria, can be called

The thesis aims at a critical reflexion on experimental ethnography with a special focus on the role of sound. A reassessment of its predominant discourse, as conceptualized by Cathrine Russell, is paired with a conceptual approach to film sound and audio-vision. By reactivating experimental filmmaker Peter Kubelka’s concept sync event and its aesthetic realisation in Unsere Afrikareise (Our Trip to Africa, Peter Kubelka, 1966) the thesis provide a themed reflection on the materiality of film as audiovisual relation. Sync event is a concept focused on the separation and meeting of image and sound to create new meanings, or metaphors. By reintroducing the concept and discussing its implication in relation to Michel Chion’s audio-vision, the thesis theorizes the audiovisual relation in ethnographic/documentary film more broadly. Through examples from the Russian avant-garde and Surrealism the sync event is connected to a historical genealogy of audiovisual experiments. With James Clifford’s notion ethnographic allegory Unsere Afrikareise becomes a case in point of experimental ethnography at work. The sync event is comprehended as an ethnographic allegory with the audience at its focal point; a colonial critique performed in the active process of audio-viewing film.

The thesis aims at a critical reflexion on experimental ethnography with a special focus on the role of sound. A reassessment of its predominant discourse, as conceptualized by Cathrine Russell, is paired with a conceptual approach to film sound and audiovision. By reactivating experimental filmmaker Peter Kubelka’s concept sync event and its aesthetic realisation in Unsere Afrikareise (Our Trip to Africa, Peter Kubelka, 1966) the thesis provide a themed reflection on the materiality of film as audiovisual relation. Sync event is a concept focused on the separation and meeting of image and sound to create new meanings, or metaphors. By reintroducing the concept and discussing its implication in relation to Michel Chion’s audio-vision, the thesis theorizes the audiovisual relation in ethnographic/documentary film more broadly.Through examples from the Russian avant-garde and Surrealism the sync event is connected to a historical genealogy of audiovisual experiments. With James Clifford’s notion ethnographic allegory Unsere Afrikareise becomes as a case in point of experimental ethnography at work. The sync event is comprehended as an ethnographic allegory with the audience at its focal point; a colonial critique performed in the active process of audio-viewing film.

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