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Mapping the Adult and Community Education Sector in the ACTHurrell, Michael, n/a January 2000 (has links)
This thesis has as its origins a desire by the Ministerial Advisory Council on Adult
and Community Education in the Australian Capital Territory to learn more about the
sector with whom they interact.
There was a clear perception that, due to its diversity, a strong reliance on volunteers
and an underlying mistrust of beaurocracy, the sector was quite poorly delineated. If
this was in fact the case, then the capacity of the Council to support the sector - for
example through the grants scheme - was being greatly handicapped. In the case of
grants, it was known that requests commonly outnumbered available grant funds by
three or four to one. What was not known was the extent of other worthwhile ACE
activity that was either electing not to apply for funding or was simply unaware that
the facility even existed.
The research, based on the results of a broad ranging questionnaire distributed to all
known ACE providers in the ACT, has furthered the level of understanding of the
sector. The research approach was modeled on the South Australian Pathfinder
Project (1996).
Key findings include that:
? the ACE sector is extremely diverse and active in the ACT;
? it is client focussed in that it develops its programs in response to the
identified needs of its target group(s);
? in the twelve months covered by the survey there were over 190 000
attendees in ACE programs;
? a range of programs are available to most community groups;
? there is a strong reliance on volunteers;
? the sector generally feels that there is a demand for even more programs
than are currently offered;
? many individual providers do not see themselves as part of the overall
ACE sector.
While there are some marked similarities between the ACT ACE sector and the South
Australian findings, there also some clear differences. For example, many of the
factors that restrict access to ACE in other parts of Australia are less relevant to the
ACT. An example of this is that travel distances/times for participants to access
programs are generally less of a problem in the ACT than in some other jurisdictions
due to the small area and the concentration of population in the ACT.
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Individuals in transition : a study of responses to enforced changes in employmentCarroll, Patricia, n/a January 1989 (has links)
The affect of restructuring of organizations on individuals is an area of
change that has received little attention from researchers. The
literature points to a number of factors that influence how individuals
cope with transition. Theorists agree that stages are an intregal part
of this process.
This study outlines the changes experienced in the ACT Technical and Further
Education system between 1987 and 1989- It focuses on the stages model
and how individuals perceived themselves moving through particular levels
of stages during this time of change.
Data from a questionnaire completed by 259 ACT Institute of Technical and
Further Education teachers was analysed along with observations and
documents produced during 1987 to 1989.
Results of the analysis show that individuals felt powerless and alienated by
the process of transition. They moved across the stages in a cyclical motion,
returning to earlier stages as each new event during the transition impinged
on their working lives.
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The evolution of the genus principal : the changing role of the principalCurtis, N. Douglas, n/a January 1977 (has links)
The review of the literature, which constitutes Part I of the
Field Study, sees the changing role; of the principal as an evolutionary
process, and traces this process from the early years of
the nineteenth century (when schooling was private and independent)
through the middle years of this same century and onwards (the
growth of public education) up to modern times.
The review studies in depth the literature of the past
fifteen to twenty years, and avers that the literature of this
period indicates that the expected role of the principal, today,
is one of leadership. It discusses the behaviour characteristics
of leadership and suggests that, depending upon the degree to
which these characteristics are present in the leader's behaviour,
various typical leaders may be described.
Finally, the review postulates future trends in the role of
principal and predicts also, the possible eventual demise of this
administrative position.
Part II of the Field Study contains the findings of a survey
of the primary school principals of the Australian Capital
Territory - both government and non-government. This survey,
which involved the completion of a questionnaire consisting of
three sections, was designed to provide information regarding the
role - functions and work-load of the principal, his leadership
characteristics, and his perceptions and predictions regarding
change. From this information significant inferences are drawn
concerning the role-perceptions and role-expectations of the
primary principal in the A.C.T.
Inferences drawn from the data of Section A of the questionnaire
concern time; priorities of various role-functions, preferred
approaches,to role-functions involving human relationships, the
degree of acceptance of the implication of the policies of the
A.C.T. Schools Authority, and attitudes towards professional
development.
The data of Section B provides information from which
inferences regarding the leadership characteristics of the
principals are drawn, and Section C data provides material
lending support for the postulates of both the previous
sections.
The concluding section discusses the implications of these
findings for the present and future roles of the principal in
the A.C.T., and suggests possible areas for further research.
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Reading recovery : do children maintain their place in the average band of reading performance in their classrooms in subsequent years?Elliot, Janet Irene, n/a January 1994 (has links)
Compulsory schooling, such as exists in Australia, does not
guarantee literacy in the nation. The literature has established
that a minority of children do fail to learn to read and write
effectively. Failure to learn to read presents a serious disability
to those concerned. Programs such as Reading Recovery are used in
schools to try and identify at risk children and work with them to
reduce illiteracy.
Traditional methods of addressing the literacy problem have not
proven to be effective. Studies in New Zealand, the U.S.A. and in
Australia have established that Reading Recovery is an effective
program. However, there is no longitudinal evidence to establish
whether it is effective in the long run in the A.C.T. This study
sought to establish the long term effectiveness of the program in
the A.C.T. It has compared discontinued Reading Recovery children
three and five years after they had been discontinued from the
program with two 'average ' children from their current class. The
discontinued Reading Recovery sample was drawn by random. The
two classmate control children were selected by the teachers as
performing in the average band of class achievement in reading.
Four research instruments were chosen to collect the data. These
were, interviews with class teachers and the children themselves,
running records, a modified standardized test and an oral retell.
The study confirmed that Reading Recovery is effective in the
A.C.T. and that gains made whilst on the program were sustained in
subsequent years. This being the case, every child who is being
diagnosed as 'at risk' should have access to Reading Recovery .
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The Australian Capital Territory Primary Principals' Association 1965-1976 : its history, role and developmentLusty, David A. R., n/a January 1978 (has links)
This study has resulted from the author's interest and
participation in the activities of the A.C.T. Primary
Principals' Association over the past six years. For
the last three years of the twelve-year period covered
by the study he was General Secretary of the Association,
and thus had access to the minutes, reports and correspondence
which had accumulated since the inception of the
Association. Additional information has been obtained
through discussions, reminiscences, letters and taperecordings
from members and others who were actively
involved in the activities of the Association.
The History of the Association has been divided into four
stages, corresponding to:
1. The inaugural period, under the direction of New
South Wales.
2. The period of maximum growth.
3. The beginning of the independent A.C.T. Schools
System.
4. The reorganisation of the Association.
The main topics which were discussed within each period
are analysed, together with the reactions of members to
the circumstances which caused those topics to be emphasised,
The analysis has shown that over the twelve-year period
there has been:
1. A series of organisational changes in the structure
of the Association as its membership has increased.
2. A significant trend away from the discussion of
topics which could be classified as Managerial
and towards subjects which could be regarded as
Educational.
3. An increasing use of Guest Speakers at meetings
and conferences.
4. A gradual change in the objectives of the Association
and in the nature of the organisations to which it
has related.
5. Only a very small percentage of members who have
held Executive Office in the Association.
The comments of individuals who have been involved with
the Association over a period of years are used to assess
its strengths and weaknesses, and suggestions are made
regarding ways in which the structure of the organisation
might possibly be improved.
An examination has been made of the Association as a
model-type, and throughout the study there is discussion
as to how its performance equates with the findings of
current literature on Organisational Theory.
A recommendation is made that a review of the stated
aims of the Association be undertaken, and that a Constitution
be developed.
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A.C.T. Teachers' Federation 1972 - 1976 / by G. J. McNeill and M. E. MarchMcNeill, G. J., n/a January 1979 (has links)
The A.C.T. Teachers' Federation was formed at a mass
meeting of teachers in the Canberra Workmens' Club on August 3rd 1972.
Its structure was strongly conditioned by the N.S.W. background of
many of those who played a role in its early affairs. Changes which
have taken place since then have been influenced by the environment
within which it operates.
It soon obtained, and held, a large proportion of its
potential membership. The internal organisation enabled the leadership
to keep in touch with rank and file opinion and ensured that democratic
practices were observed.
It was fortunate in that a legitimate role had been
established in Australia for pressure groups and that the governments
it dealt with in its early days were prepared to acknowledge its
authority to speak for teachers. It was able to take advantage of the
opportunities made available to it and to play a prominent part in the
early policy formation in a new system.
The evolving system was based on a participatory model
and the Federation gained access to all major decision centres. It
retained, its right, however, to operate outside formal consultative
forums and to engage in direct bargaining when necessary.
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Tourism destination recovery after the 2003 Canberra firesArmstrong, Elizabeth Kate, n/a January 2008 (has links)
The tourism industry is vulnerable to crises and disasters and increasingly government and
industry stakeholders are turning their attention to how to prevent, manage and recover from
shock events. In the last decade there has been increasing interest in tourism research on crises
and disasters, prompted in part by recognition of the tourism industry's vulnerabilities and what
appear to be more frequent shock events. The beginning of this century has been marked by a
series of crises and disasters including the 2001 Foot and Mouth Disease outbreak in the United
Kingdom, the 2001 terrorist hijackings in the USA, the 2002 and 2005 Bali bombings, the 2003
SARS epidemic in southeast Asia and Canada, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and Hurricane
Katrina in the southern USA in 2005 (Henderson, 2007). The Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (2007a) has also predicted that the extreme weather events associated with
climate change will lead to more natural disasters. Crises and disaster have local, regional and
global repercussions on the tourism industry at business/corporate, industry and destination
levels and the need for more attention to preparation, response and recovery is acknowledged.
Much of the initial tourism research in this field focused on descriptions of crises and disasters
and their impacts on tourism with some reflection on their management. This foundation and the
comprehensive crisis and disaster literature from disciplines such as psychology, sociology,
economics, geography and environmental science led to development of crisis and disaster
management frameworks specifically designed for the tourism industry. These frameworks have
achieved varying degrees of acceptance amongst tourism researchers with Faulkner and
Vikulov's (2001) Tourism Disaster Management Framework (TDMF) being the most well
known and often cited. The more recent Crisis and Disaster Management Framework (CDMF)
developed by Ritchie (2004) is a useful destination-level framework based on a strategic
management approach.
Despite the development of these frameworks, relatively little tourism research effort has
focused on destination recovery and very little on medium and long term recovery. In addition,
there is little research on wildfires as a type of natural disaster. The extensive bushfires in the
Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in 2003 (often referred to as the Canberra fires) provided an
opportunity to investigate in a longitudinal study the short, medium and long term actions
undertaken by the government and tourism industry to assist destination recovery and then
compare them with Ritchie's prescriptive CDMF. Being longer term research this study is able
to consider almost the entire recovery stage whereas other research has focused on short or
medium term recovery (for example Faulkner & Vikulov, 2001).
This research centred on a case study which is defined by Yin (1989 quoted in Wimmer &
Dominick, 1997, p. 102) as an 'empirical inquiry that uses multiple sources of evidence to
investigate a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context'. This case study used
interviewing, the documentary method and participant observation as the key methods.
Representatives of government and the tourism industry were interviewed in-depth about the
actions taken by their organisations or businesses. The interviews were semi-structured with
mostly open-ended questions and some participants undertook multiple interviews over a three
year period. Extensive secondary data and documentation about the bushfire and subsequent
response and recovery was generated by the ACT government, industry and community and
publicly available sources included reports and reviews, media releases, newspaper articles,
newsletters, brochures, websites and legal and coronial enquiries. These were critical for
gaining a comprehensive understanding of recovery. Participant observation was also important
and, as a resident of the ACT, the author participated in relevant events and observed the public
face of community recovery.
The three methods resulted in a large data set that was distilled into a 'response and recovery
story' structured according to Ritchie's CDMF. Upon comparing the findings with the
framework, it was found that many elements were evident in the 'real life' case study including
crisis communication, resource management, stakeholder communication, destination
restoration and disasters as agents for change. There were also new findings that could be
integrated into a redeveloped framework including the establishment of a recovery team,
training for crisis and disaster management, tourist/visitor management, recovery planning,
human resource management issues, business recovery tools, partnerships and memorialisation
and commemoration. The resulting Tourism Industry Crisis and Disaster Management
Framework (TICDMF) is a practical and comprehensive tool for Destination Management
Organisations (DMOs) that both describes what occurred in a real life case study but also
prescribes recommended management actions.
In addition to specific recommendations for the ACT tourism industry, this research also
resulted in general recommendations to the tourism industry, government and educators. These
focused on (i) the importance of crisis and disaster management planning, (ii) the need to
evaluate and document response and recovery and devote adequate resources to organisational
learning, (iii) potential use of tools like the TICDMF and the plethora of resources to manage
crises and disasters, (iv) educating staff, academics and tertiary tourism and hospitality students
about crisis and disaster management and (v) accepting the chaos of recovery and devoting
adequate resources to address the resulting complexity.
The tourism industry is vulnerable to external shocks whether they be local crises or national
disasters. The preparedness of the industry and its ability to effectively respond and recover is of
critical importance for destinations and the community in which they function. Case studies of
crises and disaster and development of a body of theoretical and practical knowledge will ensure
that government and industry continue to play an important role in caring for the safety and
security of tourists while maintaining a viable and sustainable industry for all stakeholders.
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Foreign language learning and secondary schools in the Australian Capital TerritoryCullen, Helen Victoria, n/a January 1981 (has links)
This study examines trends over the past decade in
the learning of foreign languages in schools, tertiary
institutions, adult classes and ethnic schools in the
A.C.T.
It reports results of a survey of the attitudes
towards learning foreign languages of secondary
language teachers and samples of students and
parents from two high schools and two secondary
colleges in Canberra.
The introduction of the new system of education in
Canberra in 1976 has had an impact on foreign
language learning in schools. This is examined.
Reasons are offered for the trends observed and
future directions for language teaching in the A.C.T.
are suggested.
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The organisation and structure of elite junior sport in the ACTCampbell, Joseph, n/a January 1993 (has links)
None Provided.
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Communicating about employment: a case study of the experience of unemployed youth in the Canberra communityPoroch, Nerelle, n/a January 2000 (has links)
This study is about the risk of youth unemployment in Canberra. It applies the
perspective of Giddens and others on risk communication to how the hazards of self
identity and self esteem, coping ability, the work ethic, family support and level of
education, the ability to enjoy spare time, drugs and alcohol use, poverty and suicide
affect young people's ability to cope. The study's communication perspective also
integates political with organizational, interpersonal and network as well as mass
media communication. The study also draws from scholars who write from a
sociological and psychological viewpoint and are frequently cited in communication
sources.
The loss of traditional work opportunities in the Public Service in Canberra is a
significant barrier to a young person's integration into the community. Other barriers
are the reduced work opportunities for young unskilled workers in a fledgling private
market, the lack of adequate social and transport facilities, and family breakdown that
can leave young Canberrans abandoned. The added factor of a global decline in
participation in work in the last two decades has resulted in the general collapse in the
full time jobs market, a growth of part time and casual employment, multiple job
holding, and non-standard hours of work.
Using historical research, participant observation, interview data and newspaper
content analysis the study shows that the risk of unemployment for young people
remains high notwithstanding the reduction in the overall unemployment rate. The
media has played a significant role in forming community attitudes since the 1974
recession to the new millennium - a time of increasing government hardline policies
towards welfare reform. Such policies have resulted in semi-privatisation of the
employment services and tightening of welfare eligibility. Poor communication of
these policies and coordination of their service delivery has resulted in public confusion
about accessing these services. This is exacerbated in varying ways at the individual
level depending on the extent that young people are affected by the hazards of
unemployment.
The government's answer to the problem of youth unemployment seeks to force young
people to return to school and the family home. The outcomes of other reforms, such
as the mutual obligation component of work for the dole, are yet to be determined.
Young people want to work. However, the consequences of the present government
reforms for young people are that they are 'parked' in education, denied access to full
time employment and the privileges of adult status. All of these issues are reflected in
the findings of the five research questions posed in the study detailed as follows:
Research Question 1: What role does interpersonal communication play in the
construction of a positive sense of self-concept among young unemployed people?
Findings: Young people are vulnerable to social change. At the individual level, the
risk of unemployment and its associated hazards is heightened when an individual's
sense of self and identity is not properly developed and they are unable to forge a sense
of belonging with society. Reduced job opportunities, lack of trust despite the strong
will do to the 'right thing' have prevailed amongst the young. For some access to
choice is exciting. For others who are overwhelmed or have dropped out the world can
be a bleak place. For an increasing number of young people the absence of family
support and education impinges on their interpersonal communication skills in
developing coping strategies in their day-to-day existence outside society's norms of
acceptance.
Research Question la: How important is a positive sense of self-concept for young
unemployed people in communicating with community support organizations?
Findings: A positive sense of self-concept is paramount for young people
communicating with Centrelink and the Job Network organizations in an environment
where they are required to contribute extra effort in finding work, reduce their use of
social assistance, adopt compliant behaviours towards the government's welfare
reforms and meet raised expectations in finding employment.
Research Question 2: How do young unemployed people differently experience their
primary and secondary social support networks?
Findings: Family support as well as education increases the ability of young
unemployed people to interact with their primary and secondary social support
networks. Consequently, a poor experience of primary support leads to eventual
confusion when dealing with organizations that deliver employment services. The
replacement of family support by a friendship group can nevertheless be empowering
in these circumstances.
Research Question 2a: How does young people's ability to access secondary support
networks affect their experience of unemployment?
Findings: The lack of family support and education increases the chances of having
low resilience, low trust in organizations and other people and an inability to cope.
These are all significant barriers to communicating successfully with secondary support
networks that provide assistance with employment opportunities. Staying in education
is a safety net against youth unemployment. The feeling of connectedness with the
community is difficult because of the loss of identity and the absence of identity
recognition for young unemployed people through discrimination. The maintenance of
the work ethic in the main stems from the desire to accrue material benefits.
Research Question 3: What is the role of community and organizational support for
young people experiencing the hazards of unemployment?
Findings: The findings of the study highlight the vulnerability of young unemployed
people accessing organizational support with the hazards stated in the study being the
intervening variables. It was found that reforms linking markets and networks make
increasing demands on the unemployed and their families. Poor communication within
Centrelink, interorganizationally with the Job Network providers and in public
communication informing about such reforms has resulted in confusion amongst young
unemployed people. The new market driven environment has had detrimental effects
on clients because of the lack of integrated programs and has generated a lack of trust
in organizational providers.
Research Question 4: What is the role of the media and public opinion polls
informing community perceptions about youth unemployment?
Findings: Media agenda setting provides the cues setting the standards by which the
public evaluates government and attributes responsibility for societal problems. Public
opinion is formed when media reports on public affairs. People talk to one another
about the topic and consequently public opinion is formed. In the 1970s the media
framed unemployed youth as 'dole bludgers' and the polls reflected public attitudes
that unemployment was due to people not wanting to work. Media framing in the
1990s contrasted with the 1970s view. Such indications included that it now
considered that young people were priced out of a job whilst showing cynicism of
governments to improve the situation. It did not use the 'dole bludger' tag. Although
the salience of youth unemployment in the opinion polls had diminished, it was still a
dominant consideration. Sympathy for young unemployed people who are seen as
victims of social change by the media has maintained into the new millennium with
media criticism aimed at the government's punitive approach to youth unemployment.
Research Question 5: How are policies about youth unemployment communicated to
the community?
Findings: Following Foucault the study found that government is a broader process
involving more than the state. From depth interviews with organizational
representatives it was found that formulation of policy for youth and unemployment
should be bottom up - community, state, federal - before Cabinet consideration.
Political and economic ideologies currently precede pragmatism and there is a
diminished voice of those representing youth policy.
These findings contribute to building on understandings of the phenomenon of youth
unemployment at the community level in Australia and inform about the various
individuals, groups, organizations including the media that contribute to shaping the
discourse in and around youth and youth unemployment.
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