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Adult learning fundamentals and adult learning environment : a study of vocational learning in ACTTAFETurk, I. L., n/a January 1981 (has links)
Published research in Behavioural Sciences has indicated that there are some business and work environments which are more effective for
the attainment of managerial objectives than others.
In this study these research findings have been applied to learning
activities of mature vocational students in TAFE in Canberra and to
their teachers.
Learning processes, learning theories and teaching are discussed.
Teacher-student relationships and their impact on learning by
creating sound learning environments are examined and a model of
sound learning environment is created. This model is tested by
investigation with final year certificate students.
The impact of the model on teacher selection and teacher education
is included in the discussion of results.
The principal conclusion which can be drawn from the Study is that
the sort of environment, which has been shown to be most effective
in achievement of managerial objectives is also likely to be the
most effective in achieving educational objectives for adult
vocational students.
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Questacon explainers : a study of the role of explainers at Questacon Science Centre, CanberraWanless, Jennifer H. F., n/a January 1990 (has links)
The first participatory or inter-active science centre
in Australia was Questacon, which operated in Canberra for
the eight years, 1980-1988. Its very success lead to its
demise: it became the inspiration for the National Science and Technology Centre which opened in late 1988. Questacon,
in common with many of the World's new breed of science
centres and museums, was modelled on San Francisco's famous
Exploratorium. These new institutions have copied ideas and
even actual exhibits from the Exploratorium, but most of
them have failed to copy the Exploratorium's use of
Explainers, a feature which Exploratorium staff think is
integral to the whole concept. Questacon is one of the
institutions in which an explainer system was established,
although it differed in some significant respects from that
at the Exploratorium.
Participatory science centres have been seen as part of
the answer to the problem of increasing public awareness and
understanding of science. There is a growing body of
literature which is concerned with the learning of science
in informal educational settings, such as in these centres,
but there has been very little work done on the role of
museum docents or their equivalents in this learning. One
study of the Exploratorium's Explainers concentrated on the
value of their work as explainers for the people involved in
the system, in terms of their own personal development.
The aim of the present study was to compare the two
explainer systems and to investigate the work of Questacon
Explainers both in terms of their own personal development
and in their interaction with visitors to the centre.
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The relationship of personality factors to the educational orientation of adult educatorsHoogendoorn, Anne Roberta, n/a January 1989 (has links)
This research study was in the field of adult education,
focusing on the role of adult educators. Sixty four adult
educators in the Australian Capital Territory, from a wide
range of institutions took part in the study. The
educational orientation of the adult educators, on an
andragogical-pedagogical continuum, was measured by The
Educational Orientation Questionnaire, (Hadley, 1974). This
test was based on Knowles, theory of andragogy "the art and
science of helping adults learn" and its corollary,
pedagogy, "the art of teaching children" (Knowles, 1985).
The E.O.Q. tested adult educators' attitudes in six areas of
education to discover the extent to which educators were
more andragogical or pedagogical in their orientation. Four
personality dimensions of adult educators were measured by
The Personal Style Inventory (Champagne and Hogan, 1979) - a
test based on Jung's theory of psychological types. The
data was analysed and four null hypotheses were tested. Two
were rejected and two were accepted. The findings revealed
that there was a statistically significant correlation at
the .01 level of significance, showing a definite
relationship between two of the dimensions,
extraversion-introversion and sensing-intuition, and the
educational orientation of adult educators: extraversion
and intuition with a more andragogical orientation and
introversion and sensing with a more pedagogical
orientation. The interpretation of these findings raised
numerous questions and issues on the role of adult educators
as well as recommendations for further research on the
correlation of other variables with the educational
orientation of adult educators.
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Morale within a health systemWebber, Daryl, n/a January 1982 (has links)
After outlining the structure of the Capital Territory Health Commission in Canberra, Australia and detailing the
origins of the field study within this sytem, the problem
of morale within work environments is examined. This
examination reviews local research as well as overseas
studies and in particular looks at the relationship of
morale to both quality of work life and quality of life
generally. The question of work within the local health
system is then investigated in detail using questionnaire
and search workshop procedures. The findings from these
two approaches both support and confirm each other,
thereby providing a comprehensive picture of the quality
of work life within the local health system. From the
results of these investigations the systemic nature of the
morale problem within the health system is noted and
discussed. The recommendations for remediation proposed
from within the system are examined and evaluated. The
study then explores the issue of potential conflict
between bureaucratically organised systems and the
delivery of effective health services. The study also
confirms the place of power, trust and communication in
changing morale. One conclusion is that continuing
workshop and action research methods could be of use in
helping the health service meet future objectives.
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The research and development of a health assessment program for secondary school studentsWebber, Kerry, n/a January 1986 (has links)
The Field Study reports on the research and development of a
Health Assessment Program (HAP) for secondary school
students over a period of three years in the ACT.
The 'original' HAP is described, and its early
implementation methods discussed. Changes are proposed and
trialled, and further refinements made, then trialled
again. Through this process a new HAP is developed. The
'Research and Development Cycle' (Borg and Gall 1983)
provides the theoretical framework for the planning of the
field study. (See 1.4).
The 'new' HAP exhibits the characteristics of an 'education'
program. The physical components have been developed to
enable them to be administered by the teachers who are
responsible for the organisation of the HAP in their school,
and health professionals are only used for those components
which require confidential counselling. This is in contrast
to the 'original' HAP which was organised and conducted by
health professionals.
The process by which the changes took place has determined
the quality of the new HAP. The developments have been
based on the views of the teachers who used the HAP, the
students who were tested, and the health professionals who
participated. The literature has also been used to provide
the direction for, and nature of, the changes. This process
has ensured a program which is highly suitable for use in
the school environment.
It is not envisaged that the HAP has reached its final stage
of development. Each school who uses the program is
encouraged to modify and adapt it to suit the needs of their
own teachers and students.
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Female registered nurses and stress : a quantitative analysisWhile, Eileen, n/a January 1996 (has links)
This study examines the perceived causes of occupational stress amongst female
Registered Nurses working in the clinical setting at both Calvary Public and Calvary
Private Hospitals ACT Incorporated.
A modified Gray-Toft, Anderson Nursing Stress Scale (1981) was used as the instrument
for the research. The questionnaire was modified by the addition of six questions.
The questionnaire was distributed to seventy female Registered Nurses. Twenty
questionnaires were distributed to staff working within the Private Hospital and fifty to
staff in the Public Hospital.
Relevant data dating back to 1956 was examined regarding stress and burnout amongst
nurses and allied health professionals.
The results of this study, not surprisingly, supported the finding of Gray-Toft, Anderson.
That is that nursing remains an inherently stressful occupation. Respondents working in
both public and private hospitals indicated that Lack of Funding and Death and Dying
were considered to be major sources of perceived stress.
Registered Nurses working in the Public Hospital perceive higher levels of stress than do
those Registered Nurses working within the Private Hospital with respect to relative
staffing levels, workload and funding.
Comparisons by age group indicated a generally higher reported level for the youngest age
group. Comparison of full time versus part time staff indicated a significantly higher level
of perceived stress from full time staff. Analysis of reported stress by ward type indicated
that staff working in the "medical" groupings experienced higher perceived levels of stress
than those working in the "surgical" groupings.
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Prescribed psychotropic drug use in the Australian Capital Territory : a study of the prevalence and patterns of use in women and the prescribing habits of general practitioners - implications for health educationWhite, Ian, n/a January 1990 (has links)
Psychotropic drugs are mind affecting compounds. They range in type
from illegal narcotic analgesics such as heroin, to prescribed major
tranquillisers used for treatment of psychotic states, to prescribed
minor tranquillisers such as the benzodiazepines, Valium and Mogadon,
to the freely available, over the counter drugs, Aspirin and Panadol.
Overseas and Australian data show the minor tranquilliser group,
benzodiazepines, first introduced on the pharmaceutical scene in
the early 1960s, to be the most commonly prescribed psychotropic
drugs. Their popularity with medical practitioners as prescription
drugs for conditions of anxiety, stress, insomnia and some forms
of epilepsy, arises from the advertised inference by drug companies
that they are free from any side effects in the patient such as
dependence, tolerance and on termination of treatment, absence of
withdrawal syndrome. Benzodiazepines were first introduced as a
substitute for the well known dependence producing barbiturate based
sedatives.
Overseas and Australian data show women are prescribed psychotropic
drugs, particularly benzodiazepines, twice as often as men and in
many instances for conditions unrelated to those for which the drugs
are recommended.
Australian data comes from two sources, official statistics such
as the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and from surveys of drug use.
Both sources of data are incomplete, inaccurate and in many cases
misleading. The true picture of prescribed psychotropic drug use
in Australia therefore lacks resolution and in all probability
underestimates prevalence and patterns of use in the community.
There is no data on the prevalence and patterns of use of prescribed
psychotropic drugs in the Australian Capital Territory. It was therefore
deemed appropriate to conduct a survey to determine their prevalence
and patterns of use. The survey was confined to women for several
reasons: Women are a target group in the Commonwealth and State
Government 'Drug Offensive'; evidence from studies overseas and in
Australia shows that women are prescribed psychotropic drugs,
particularly benzodiazepines, twice as often as men; Australian data
suggests that this trend is uniform and therefore the Australian
Capital Territory should be no different.
Data shows that doctors, particularly General Practitioners, are
the main source of prescribed psychotropic drugs. The main psychotropic
drugs prescribed by general practitioners are benzodiazepines. It
was therefore deemed appropriate to conduct a survey of general
practitioner's attitudes, knowledge and beliefs about the appropriate
use of benzodiazepines as these factors carry weight in a doctor's
prescribing habits.
The survey of women was conducted using a standardised, structured,
telephone survey on a random sample of 120 women in the Australian
Capital Territory.
The results of the survey show that 40% of the sample had used
prescribed psychotropics at some stage in their lives. Most users
were older women, married, well educated and working full time. Level
of knowledge about the drug was low, compliance with respect to use
was high. Most prescribed psychotropic drugs were obtained from a
doctor. There appears to be little drug sharing or concurrent drug
use. Half of the prescribed psychotropics were benzodiazepines the
other half were mostly anti-depressants. Use of over the counter
psychotropics was very high.
The survey of general practitioners was conducted using a standardised,
structured mailed questionnaire distributed to a random sample of
25 general practitioners in the Australian Capital Territory.
The results show the majority of doctors prescribe the drugs for
common indications (anxiety, stress, insomnia and some forms of
epilepsy) in excess of one week. For specific anxiety states however,
most prescribe the drugs along with some form of counselling. The
majority of doctors (77%) think counselling is not as effective as
drug treatment. All doctors surveyed think patients should be advised
of the drugs effects on driving and machinery operation; the drugs
should not be shared with others; that the drugs should not be
terminated abruptly; the drugs should not be used concurrently with
alcohol. The majority (92%) believe benzodiazepines are over prescribed
and most doctors (77%) believe the drugs produce dependence in patients.
The majority (58%) believe women of child bearing age are at risk
using benzodiazepines while 50% think pregnant women are at risk.
The majority of doctors did not believe that people older than 60
years of age are at risk but most believe children are at risk.
The findings of both surveys have implications for health educators
and others with a concern for drug education in the community.
Recommendations arising from this study have been made. They are
presented at the conclusion of this thesis.
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Management of contraction : a case studyRooney, J. A. J., n/a January 1980 (has links)
n/a
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A policy study of the maintenance of small high schools as individual organizations in a situation of contracting enrolmentsWells, John L., n/a January 1980 (has links)
The Report of the Field Study is a descriptive record of:-
(i) the development of the A.C.T. Schools Authority
according to a particular philosophy and operational
structure of devolution of responsibility to schools
and community participation in decision making at
school and system level.
(ii) the impact which changes in government policy in the
areas of
(a) growth of the Australian Public Service and Canberra
(b) funding of the A.C.T. government schools
have on the A.C.T. Schools Authority operations.
(iii) the mechanism by which policy is being developed for
the maintenance of small high schools as individual
organizations in a situation of contracting enrolments.
The functions of the A.C.T. Schools Authority are, amongst
others, to establish and conduct,pre schools, primary schools,
high schools and secondary colleges.
In 1980 there were 165 schools and of these only three were
outside the city of Canberra.
During the 1960's Canberra underwent extensive expansion of
the city boundaries because of rapid increases in population
as a result of government policy in establishing the city as
the seat of government. Government departments were moved
from rented premises in other cities to new purpose built
buildings in Canberra. Economic conditions and government
funding supported all aspects of the expansion as it continued
into the '70's.
The government school building programme was one of many which
had to be integrated into the city growth plan. In 1960 there
were three secondary schools, in 1970 there were nine and in
1980 there were twenty three.
This Field Study is concerned with the A.C.T. Schools Authority's
approach to its responsibilities under the following changed
circumstances.
1. Change in growth rate of Canberra.
From 1976, as a result of a change in government policy and in
different economic conditions and policies there was a dramatic
and unpredicted decrease in the rate of population increase.
Movement of government departments to Canberra was severely
curtailed and the service industries and building industries
consequently also dramatically reduced their expansion. By
1978 there was evidence of a severe contraction in these
industries and the growth of Canberra in the 60's to mid 70's
had changed to a no-growth and then a decline.
2. Schools with small enrolments.
Added to the nil or very slow population increase in some
suburbs is the decline in the number of school age children
in the inner suburbs of the city resulting in schools
accommodating down to half of their previous numbers of
students and the completion of school buildings in the as yet
underpopulated outer suburbs. This latter situation developed
because the lead time required for the planning and building
of new schools is such that irreversible decisions had been
made in the context of the population growth period and the
resulting building programme was overtaken by the unexpected
policy reversal causing a no growth situation to develop.
The empty school buildings provoked the sparsely populated
new communities to press for their opening and so provide what
were seen to be essential community facilities.
3. Strict controls on costs.
Allied to its policy restricting the growth rate of Canberra
the government introduced strict controls on the cost of
government education services in the A.C.T. The real
difficulty was in the nature of the controls. Per-pupil costs
were not to rise in real terms after 1976/77. With "fixed"
costs such as cleaning, heating, maintenance, lighting and
janitor rising or at least remaining constant whilst school
enrolments decline, there was little hope of meeting the
government directive. The Authority therefore considered the
possibilities of deferring the opening of new schools and
phasing out some inner Canberra schools as the only means of
carrying out its responsibility.
The proposal evoked strong community reaction. It was claimed
that such an edict from the central authority was in contravention
of the philosophical and legal foundations of the
A.C.T. system. School Boards and communities were the places
where decisions could be made that would enable their schools
to remain as functioning entities, providing their students
with creative educational programmes and still adapt to the
economic constraints of the total system.
Faced with this resounding community disapproval the Schools
Authority established a Working Party on llth June 1979
"To consider the problems of declining and shifting school
populations and its effect on the A.C.T. school system. In
particular it will examine educational, financial and staffing
problems associated with conducting small secondary schools
and report to the Authority no later than June 1980".
The Working Party then mounted a programme of enquiry throughout
the A.C.T. Teachers, parents, students, School Boards, P & C
committees and public meetings were asked to submit proposals,
express opinions and respond to models. The resulting report
Declining and Shifting Enrolments in A.C.T. Secondary schools
was presented and public response invited. Once again the
philosophy of the A.C.T. government school system was being put
into practice.
The study also investigates some of the issues in respect of
the individual small school facing declining enrolments and
consequently reductions in staffing and financial resources.
Some conclusions are posed for the individual school, the A.C.T.
Schools Authority and the various government instrumentalities
which service and to some extent control, the A.C.T. government
school system.
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Electronic Commerce and Small and Medium Business EnterprisesJensen, Joan, n/a January 2005 (has links)
The aim of this research was to discover the issues influencing the adoption of e-commerce by small and medium business enterprises (SMEs) in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The demand aspect of the theory of diffusion of innovation enabled the formulation of a number of research propositions which formed the focus for this research. Seventy-five randomly-selected SMEs within the ACT were interviewed. Of these seventy five, fifty had adopted e-commerce and twenty-five had not.
Findings complemented results from other studies, but also added to them. Factors from the demand aspect of the theory of time, resources (personnel, financial, technological), business organisation, size, return on investment, push by outside agencies or clients, and communication channels were found to be of little importance. Of greater importance were characteristics of the SME operators themselves (such as their innovativeness, their relative youth and educational level), the size of their business, the number of years it had been operating, and marketing issues. A prime consideration was that of attaining and maintaining a competitive edge over their competitors. Security and privacy issues were of little consideration prior to the adoption process, but became of much greater importance once SMEs had adopted e-commerce.
Some things discovered by this research that have not appeared in the reporting of other studies included:
� The importance of tertiary education for the primary decision-makers in the organisation;
� The role banks played in the adoption process;
� The high cost and difficulty of compliance with government regulations, especially regarding the employment of staff; and
� The lack of use of specifically established communication channels, set up by government bodies or associated industry organisations to educate and inform SMEs about the potential and process of e-commerce.
Results of this research have implications for a large number of associated stakeholders � government, educational institutions, and trade, industry and professional associations � and as such deserve to be widely disseminated.
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