Orientador : Eric Mitchell Sabinson / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T20:40:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_MarthadeMello_D.pdf: 2373647 bytes, checksum: 52db3b1a277cf06dfaa12a24d7e932be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esta tese teve por objetivo analisar a dramaturgia dos últimos dez anos de vida de Luigi Pirandello (1926-1936), em especial os dramas escritos para a atriz Marta Abba, e atualizar o estado da pesquisa em Pirandello. O estudo partiu da constatação de que graças à atriz, as duas metades do imaginário feminino pirandelliano, a mãe santa e a prostituta, passam a conviver em uma mesma imagem de mulher, para chegar até a imagem da vamp virtuosa: uma criatura eroticamente fascinante, mas sexualmente inacessível. Percorrendo a argumentação crítica atual, constatou-se que a produção tardia do escritor é o resultado de um violento intercâmbio, de uma forte influência mútua entre estímulos biográficos e resultado artístico. Tendo isto em vista, buscou-se reconstruir, por meio da crônica e da crítica teatral da época, o estilo da performer Marta Abba, e sua definição como atriz pirandelliana. Tomando como base as propostas teóricas do assim denominado Teatro Novo, suas relações com o idealismo das primeiras vanguardas, e, principalmente, confrontando o epistolário Pirandello-Abba com a sua produção teatral, justifica-se a perspectiva autobiográfica presente no teatro de Pirandello do último período. Ao escrever para a atriz, o dramaturgo não poderia deixar de ter em mente a qualidade interpretativa de sua musa inspiradora, esta excepcional intérprete que foi a co-autora do novo perfil feminino desenvolvido pelo autor e, por outro lado, ao individualizar em Marta Abba as criaturas que ele já havia imaginado anteriormente, Pirandello se vê sob o signo de uma ¿predestinação¿: a atração física do Maestro por sua intérprete, ¿filha de sua arte¿, recupera um antigo fantasma, o tema tabu da escritura pirandelliana: o ¿fascínio paterno¿, incestuoso. Pirandello constrói assim um personagem feminino plural e ambíguo, em consonância com os maiores ícones do cinema dos anos trinta, Greta Garbo e Marlene Dietrich, capaz de absorver o estilo ¿camaleônico¿ e contraditório de interpretar de Marta Abba, ao mesmo tempo em que é capaz de traduzir e incorporar seu próprio tormento interior. / Abstract: This thesis presents an analysis of the plays of Luigi Pirandello in the final ten years of his life (1926-1936), especially the dramas written for actress Marta Abba, consistent with the state-of-art research on the playwright. Our starting point was the verification that, thanks to the actress, the two halves of Pirandellian feminine imagination - the holy mother and the prostitute ¿ came to cohabitate in the same female image, that of the virtuous vamp: an erotically enchanted creature, although sexually unattainable. Reviewing the current criticism, we verified that the writer's late production is the result of a violent interaction and mutual influence between biographic stimulus and artistic concerns.On this basis, we reconstruct, via the chronicle and theatrical criticism of the period, the performer Marta Abba's style and her definition as the Pirandellian actress par excellence. Having as foundation the theoretical propositions of the so-called New Theater, its relationships to the utopianism of the early avant-gardes, and opposing the correspondence between Pirandello and Abba with his own theatrical productions, we believe that the presence of anautobiographical perspective in the last period of Pirandello's theatre is justified. When writing for the actress, the playwright certainly had the interpretation of his inspiring muse in mind, the exceptionally talented Marta Abba as the co-author of the new feminine profile developed by the author. On the other hand, by individualizing in Marta Abba all the female creatures, the playwright sees himself under a sign of predestination: Marta's attractive power over the Master, "his art's daughter", recovers an old phantom, the taboo-theme of Pirandello writing: the incestuous, fatherly fascination. Thus, Pirandello creates an ambiguous feminine profile, related to the major movies icons of the '30s - Greta Garbo and Marlene Dietrich - pluralistic enough to assimilate theever-changing, contradictory style of the interpreter Marta Abba, translating and incorporating, at the same time, his own inner torment. / Doutorado / Literatura e Outras Produções Culturais / Doutor em Teoria e História Literária

Depuis les années mille neuf cent soixante-dix, l'autobiographie littéraire ne cesse de susciter un intérêt croissant et les travaux critiques à son sujet sont actuellement nombreux. Cependant, aucune étude théorique exhaustive sur l'autobiographie uniquement théâtrale n'existe à ce jour. Face à cet écart flagrant entre la pratique existante et la théorie manquante, il semble nécessaire d'apporter une contribution à la théorisation et à la classification de cette catégorie problématique. La présente thèse, dont le titre se réfère à l'ouvrage charnière de Philippe Lejeune Pour l'autobiographie, s'interroge dans un premier temps sur la crise des genres (autobiographique et théâtral) afin d'analyser l'histoire et la genèse de l'autobiographie dramatico-théâtrale à partir du Drame de la vie de Restif de la Bretonne. Cette recherche se doit cependant non seulement de défendre un genre déprisé, mais également de plaider pour son existence.Étant donné l'essor du théâtre autobiographique après la Seconde Guerre mondiale (dont l'Histoire générale ne cesse de contaminer l'histoire intime des autobiographes en question), ce travail porte sur l'insertion de l'autobiographie dans les drames et les spectacles européens de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. Les exemples choisis mettent en lumière les créateurs investis entièrement dans la mise en espace de leur propre histoire : de l'écriture, en passant par la scénographie et la mise en scène, jusqu'au jeu et / ou présence scénique. Les critères de sélection des œuvres du corpus (six cas d'études principaux : Anouilh, Duras, Grumberg, Ionesco, Kantor, Różewicz) portent sur le rapport direct des écrivains dramatiques à la conception du spectacle vivant, et soulèvent par là la question de la création totale, de la transformation des genres, de l'(ir)représentabilité de l'autobiographie sur scène et de la (re)construction de soi et de son passé par le biais d'un spectacle théâtral. Le dialogue constant entre l'histoire personnelle de l'auteur (autobiographie mise en forme) et l'Histoire générale (mémoires subjectivisés) constituera donc le motif privilégié de cette étude.Cette étude a ainsi pour vocation d'apporter non seulement une contribution à la définition et à l'évolution du théâtre autobiographique, en démontrant les spécificités et les caractéristiques communes des œuvres théâtrales de soi, mais aussi – ou avant tout – d'identifier ce que le théâtre apporte au genre autobiographique et par quel(s) moyen(s) il permet de le renouveler. Le cheminement proposé permet d'observer la genèse et l'évolution du théâtre autobiographique dans lequel la matérialité de la scène occupe une place grandissante : l'histoire du genre dans la première partie, la réécriture d'une autobiographie en prose en une pièce dramatique (par Duras et Ionesco) mise en scène par un artiste associé et accompagné dans la seconde partie, la participation active de l'autobiographe à la mise en scène collective de sa pièce intime (Anouilh, Grumberg) dans la troisième partie, la déconstruction du texte dramatique préexistant cédant le premier rôle au plateau (Różewicz, Kantor, Podehl) dans la quatrième partie. C'est ainsi que le mélange de l'onirisme et de la plasticité (Mądzik, Znorko) constitue en quelque sorte l'aboutissement de cette forme d'expression de soi et permet de saisir au mieux l'essence-même du théâtre autobiographique qui ne doit plus raconter la vie de l'autobiographe, mais la recréer dans l'espace. / Since the Seventies of the twentieth century literary autobiography has been arousing deep interest among the researchers and a plethora of critical works have been written on the issue. Yet to this day there is no comprehensive resarch work on the subject. In consideration of a surprising discrepancy between the existing theatre practice and the missing theory, theorisation and classification of this problematic category seems indispensable. This doctoral thesis, the title of which refers to the work of Philippe Lejeune entitled « Pro the autobiography », sees the crisis of forms (the dramatic and theatre forms) and literary genres (the autobiographical genre) a reason for the genesis of dramatic-theatrical autobiography, the story of which will be followed starting with Restif de La Bretonne's « The life's play ».Taking into consideration the development of the autobiographical theatre after the Second World War (the general history of which influenced formation of the intimate history of the autobiographical authors subjected to analysis), the present thesis takes on the task of analysis of the relationship between autobiography and the European theatre of the second half of twentieth century. The selected works present the profiles of dramatic authors fully dedicated to staging the story of their lives : starting with the process of writing a play, through stage design and stage direction to acting or/and stage presence. The selection criteria regarding the analysed works (the six principal playwrights being Anouilh, Duras, Grumberg, Ionesco, Kantor, Różewicz) are based on the direct relationship between the dramatic writers and a theatre performance and take up the issues of total creation, form-genre metamorphosis of works situated on the border between (auto)biography, historical memoirs and diary as well as the possibility of staging the autobiography and reconstruction of one's self and one's past through the medium of a performance.The aim of this treatise is not only presentation of theorisation and periodisation of the autobiographical theatre through distinction of the specifics of each of the analysed works and pointing out the common features but also presenting the elements the theatre introduces to the autobiographical genre and the way it enables its renewal. The suggested way of subject presentation allows to follow the development of the autobiographical theatre where the stage materiality plays increasingly significant role : the first part is dedicated to the analysis of the genre history, while the second one – to the issue of transcribing and transforming the autobiographical prose into a stage play (based on the example of Duras and Ionesco) directed by a thrid party in presence of the author, the third one – to the issue of active participation of the author in the process of collective staging of his autobiographical work (based on the example of Anouilh and Grumberg), the fourth one – to the issue of deconstruction of a dramatic text giving way to the theatre stage (the theatre of Różewicz, Kantor, Podehl). Thus the symbiosis of onirism and graphicality (the visual theatre of Mądzik or Znorko) becomes in a way the crowning of this form of personal statement and allows to capture the essence of autobiographical theatre the aim of which is not telling life but its reconstruction in the space. / Since the Seventies of the twentieth century literary autobiography has been arousing deep interest among the researchers and a plethora of critical works have been written on the issue. Yet to this day there is no comprehensive resarch work on the subject. In consideration of a surprising discrepancy between the existing theatre practice and the missing theory, theorisation and classification of this problematic category seems indispensable. This doctoral thesis, the title of which refers to the work of Philippe Lejeune entitled « Pro the autobiography », sees the crisis of forms (the dramatic and theatre forms) and literary genres (the autobiographical genre) a reason for the genesis of dramatic-theatrical autobiography, the story of which will be followed starting with Restif de La Bretonne’s « The life’s play ».Taking into consideration the development of the autobiographical theatre after the Second World War (the general history of which influenced formation of the intimate history of the autobiographical authors subjected to analysis), the present thesis takes on the task of analysis of the relationship between autobiography and the European theatre of the second half of twentieth century. The selected works present the profiles of dramatic authors fully dedicated to staging the story of their lives : starting with the process of writing a play, through stage design and stage direction to acting or/and stage presence. The selection criteria regarding the analysed works (the six principal playwrights being Anouilh, Duras, Grumberg, Ionesco, Kantor, Różewicz) are based on the direct relationship between the dramatic writers and a theatre performance and take up the issues of total creation, form-genre metamorphosis of works situated on the border between (auto)biography, historical memoirs and diary as well as the possibility of staging the autobiography and reconstruction of one’s self and one’s past through the medium of a performance.The aim of this treatise is not only presentation of theorisation and periodisation of the autobiographical theatre through distinction of the specifics of each of the analysed works and pointing out the common features but also presenting the elements the theatre introduces to the autobiographical genre and the way it enables its renewal. The suggested way of subject presentation allows to follow the development of the autobiographical theatre where the stage materiality plays increasingly significant role : the first part is dedicated to the analysis of the genre history, while the second one – to the issue of transcribing and transforming the autobiographical prose into a stage play (based on the example of Duras and Ionesco) directed by a thrid party in presence of the author, the third one – to the issue of active participation of the author in the process of collective staging of his autobiographical work (based on the example of Anouilh and Grumberg), the fourth one – to the issue of deconstruction of a dramatic text giving way to the theatre stage (the theatre of Różewicz, Kantor, Podehl). Thus the symbiosis of onirism and graphicality (the visual theatre of Mądzik or Znorko) becomes in a way the crowning of this form of personal statement and allows to capture the essence of autobiographical theatre the aim of which is not telling life but its reconstruction in the space.