Today in most vehicles in battle, a camera system is used to manually lock a target and maintaining visual of the target as the vehicle is moving. In order to simplify this, this thesis investigates the approach to semi-automate the process by first manually locking the target and then let the camera approximate the trajectory of the enemy vehicle. In this thesis, the enemy vehicle is not moving. The ability to provide a truthful simulation environment for testing is crucial and will be discussed in this thesis along with three different estimators derived from the Kalman filter. Parameter identification and dynamic modelling of the camera are also presented that serves as a basis for the part of automatic control and for the experiments on the hardware. The simulation environment gave promising results when locating the target based on angle and radius estimation. By simulating a human operator, big deviations from the true value was no longer a problem since its purpose is to take over and steer the camera to the correct value. After gathering results from the simulations, Model-Based Design made it possible to test the algorithms in real life. The biggest challenge was to produce lifelike motions to test the hardware on and therefore made it harder to conclude the end result for the experiments carried out by the hardware on the moving platform.

Background. PAC controller is a strengthened version of PLC controller. Its function is very similar, but its essence and construction are different. PLC and PAC have many successful applications in the field of industrial automation control. There is a lot of literature about the software architecture of PLC control system. However, there is almost no relevant literature on software architecture based on PAC control system. A well-performing and stable automatic control system is indispensable to the design and development of suitable software architecture. The quality and pattern of software architecture can even affect the stability and efficiency of the control system. Objectives. Based on these problems, we defined two primary objectives. The first is to investigate the architecture of some existing large industrial control systems, to analyze and summarize the scenarios and advantages and disadvantages of these architectural patterns. The second, based on the results of effort for the first objective, we want to propose and design a set of automated control solution architecture model based on PAC control system, which is implemented and applied in a printing house. In the process, we sum up the challenges and obstacles encountered in implementing the solution and provide some guidance or reference for those involved in the field. Methods. For the first objective, we used a systematic literature review to collect data about existing ICS architecture. Concerning the second objective, a case study was conducted in a printing house in Karlskrona Sweden, in the study, we proposed a software architecture model suitable for PAC automation control system. Then, we developed and tested the automation control system and summarized some challenges and obstacles in the process of the implementation. Results. The existing ICS (Industrial Control System) architecture models and critical problems and challenges in the implementation of ICS are identified. From the existing literature, we have summarized five commonly used large industrial control system architecture models, which are mainly using composite structures, that is, a combination of multiple architecture patterns. Also, some critical problems in the industrial control system, such as information security, production reliability, etc. are also identified. In the case study, we put forward an automatic control solution for Printing House based on SLR results. We designed the hardware deployment architecture of the system and the software control architecture. Generally speaking, this architecture is based on C/S architecture. In the development of client, we adopt the popular MVC architecture mode. In the longitudinal view of the whole system, an extended hierarchical architecture model is adopted. In the core control system, we adopt the modular architecture design idea. The whole control system is composed of 6 parts, four subsystems of PAC terminal, one server-side program and one client program. After a long time, development and test, our system finally goes online for the production, and its production efficiency is improved compared with the old system. Its expansion functions, such as Production Report and Tag Print, are deeply satisfying for the customers. Conclusions. In this research, we summarize and compare the advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used industrial control systems. Besides, we proposed a software architecture model and developed an automation control system based on PAC. We fill the gap that there is a lack of studies about the software architecture about the implementation of the automation control system based on PAC. Our result can help software engineers and developers in ICS fields to develop their own PAC based automation control system.

Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de sintonia simultânea de controladores utilizados em um processo multivariável, através da utilização de algoritmos genéticos e sua aplicação em processos de refino. Propõe-se a utilização de uma função de avaliação do algoritmo genético composta por três parcelas considerando os critérios ITSE (Integral Time Squared Error) e de variância mínima para os sinais de saída e de controle. A metodologia pode ser aplicada na sintonia integrada de diferentes tipos de controladores, mesmo quando inseridos em processos que apresentam forte interação entre as variáveis. Para a validação da metodologia, foram utilizados os controladores PID (proporcional-integral-derivativo) e PD-nebuloso, aplicados sob arquitetura de controle descentralizado em três diferentes processos multivariáveis, Coluna de Destilação Wood- Berry, Coluna de Destilação de Isopropanol, e Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) ou Processo de Craqueamento Catalítico em Leito Fluidizado. A metodologia apresenta bons resultados, podendo ser estendida a outros tipos de controladores e processos. / This work proposes the use of genetic algorithms to tuning decoupled controllers for multivariable systems for refine process. It is presented a new fitness function for genetic algorithm that considers both ITSE (Integral Time Squared Error) and minimum variance criteria. The proposed technique can be applied to tune different control architectures also including non-linear controllers to process presenting strong interactions among its variables. In order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, it is applied to three multivariable processes Wood-Berry Distillation Column, Isopropanol Distillation Column and Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC), with the use of PID (proportional-integralderivative) and PD-fuzzy decentralised controllers. This approach shows good performance and can be extend to different kinds of controllers and processes.

Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de sintonia simultânea de controladores utilizados em um processo multivariável, através da utilização de algoritmos genéticos e sua aplicação em processos de refino. Propõe-se a utilização de uma função de avaliação do algoritmo genético composta por três parcelas considerando os critérios ITSE (Integral Time Squared Error) e de variância mínima para os sinais de saída e de controle. A metodologia pode ser aplicada na sintonia integrada de diferentes tipos de controladores, mesmo quando inseridos em processos que apresentam forte interação entre as variáveis. Para a validação da metodologia, foram utilizados os controladores PID (proporcional-integral-derivativo) e PD-nebuloso, aplicados sob arquitetura de controle descentralizado em três diferentes processos multivariáveis, Coluna de Destilação Wood- Berry, Coluna de Destilação de Isopropanol, e Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) ou Processo de Craqueamento Catalítico em Leito Fluidizado. A metodologia apresenta bons resultados, podendo ser estendida a outros tipos de controladores e processos. / This work proposes the use of genetic algorithms to tuning decoupled controllers for multivariable systems for refine process. It is presented a new fitness function for genetic algorithm that considers both ITSE (Integral Time Squared Error) and minimum variance criteria. The proposed technique can be applied to tune different control architectures also including non-linear controllers to process presenting strong interactions among its variables. In order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, it is applied to three multivariable processes Wood-Berry Distillation Column, Isopropanol Distillation Column and Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC), with the use of PID (proportional-integralderivative) and PD-fuzzy decentralised controllers. This approach shows good performance and can be extend to different kinds of controllers and processes.

The aim of this project is to create a modern and advanced program for controlling a vacuum furnace used for brazing plate heat exchangers and which includes functions for remote monitoring. A DAQ-unit (Data Acquisition) made by National Instruments connects with an already existing vacuum furnace to send control signals and receive measurements. There is already a control program available for the vacuum furnace but it has a number of shortcomings which the new program is intended to solve. A PID controller is implemented to control the temperature of the furnace. Temperature control is of utmost importance to get the brazing process as stable as possible. Therefore, a simulator has been developed that simulates the entire brazing process. The simulator serves as a tool to optimize values ​​of the constants included in the PID control algorithm. Everything is written in the C# programming language. The braze process has from a code stand point been divided into five phases; lowering pressure, heating, brazing, cooling and finish. A comparison between the new and the old control software shows that heating process is much faster now and that when the correct temperature level has been reached, the temperature variation is considerably lower than before. The entire soldering process is shortened by almost two hours. Temperature control is more efficient and stable than before because of the constants calculated using the simulator and that a PID controller is used instead of a PD controller. New technology is implemented so that a much larger number of samples are obtained. Functions for user access to the history of previous brazing processes has been developed and an interface to easily adjust settings is implemented. Even a web interface for remote monitoring has been created.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RutacioOC_TESE_PARCIAL.pdf: 408685 bytes, checksum: 5bea29db0102078f885dab06d8188a0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-13 / The Electrical Submersible Pumping is an artificial lift method for oil wells employed in onshore and offshore areas. The economic revenue of the petroleum production in a well depends on the oil flow and the availability of lifting equipment. The fewer the failures, the lower the revenue shortfall and costs to repair it. The frequency with which failures occur depends on the operating conditions to which the pumps are submitted. In high-productivity offshore wells monitoring is done by operators with engineering support 24h/day, which is not economically viable for the land areas. In this context, the automation of onshore wells has clear economic advantages. This work proposes a system capable of automatically control the operation of electrical submersible pumps, installed in oil wells, by an adjustment at the electric motor rotation based on signals provided by sensors installed on the surface and subsurface, keeping the pump operating within the recommended range, closest to the well s potential. Techniques are developed to estimate unmeasured variables, enabling the automation of wells that do not have all the required sensors. The automatic adjustment, according to an algorithm that runs on a programmable logic controller maintains the flow and submergence within acceptable parameters avoiding undesirable operating conditions, as the gas interference and high engine temperature, without need to resort to stopping the engine, which would reduce the its useful life. The control strategy described, based on modeling of physical phenomena and operational experience reported in literature, is materialized in terms of a fuzzy controller based on rules, and all generated information can be accompanied by a supervisory system / O bombeio centr?fugo submerso ? um m?todo de eleva??o artificial de petr?leo empregado em ?reas terrestres ou mar?timas. A receita econ?mica da produ??o de petr?leo em um po?o depende da vaz?o de ?leo e da disponibilidade do equipamento de eleva??o. Quanto menos falhas, menores ser?o as receitas cessantes e os custos para repar?-las. A frequ?ncia com que as falhas ocorrem depende das condi??es operacionais ?s quais as bombas s?o submetidas. Em po?os mar?timos de alta produtividade o acompanhamento ? feito por operadores com suporte de engenharia 24h/dia, o que n?o ? economicamente vi?vel para as ?reas terrestres. Nesse contexto, a automa??o de po?os terrestres apresenta vantagens econ?micas claras. Neste trabalho ? proposto um sistema capaz de controlar automaticamente a opera??o de bombas centr?fugas submersas instaladas em po?os produtores de petr?leo, via ajuste na rota??o do motor el?trico, a partir de sensores instalados na superf?cie e subsuperf?cie, mantendo a bomba operando dentro da faixa recomendada, o mais pr?ximo poss?vel do potencial do po?o. S?o desenvolvidas t?cnicas de estimativa de vari?veis n?o medidas, possibilitando a automa??o de po?os que n?o possuem todos os sensores requeridos. O ajuste autom?tico, conforme um algoritmo que ? executado em um controlador l?gico program?vel, mant?m a vaz?o e a submerg?ncia dentro de par?metros aceit?veis, evitando condi??es operacionais indesej?veis como a interfer?ncia de g?s e a elevada temperatura do motor, sem a necessidade de recorrer ao desligamento do motor, o que reduziria a sua vida ?til. A estrat?gia de controle descrita, baseada na modelagem dos fen?menos f?sicos e na experi?ncia operacional registrada na literatura, ? materializada em termos de um controlador Fuzzy baseado em regras, sendo que todas as informa??es geradas podem ser acompanhadas por um sistema supervis?rio

Two key solutions to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and increase the overall energy efficiency are to maximize the utilization of renewable energy resources (RERs) to generate energy for load consumption and to shift to low or zero emission plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) for transportation. The present U.S. aging and overburdened power grid infrastructure is under a tremendous pressure to handle the issues involved in penetration of RERS and PEVs. The future power grid should be designed with for the effective utilization of distributed RERs and distributed generations to intelligently respond to varying customer demand including PEVs with high level of security, stability and reliability. This dissertation develops and verifies such a hybrid AC-DC power system. The system will operate in a distributed manner incorporating multiple components in both AC and DC styles and work in both grid-connected and islanding modes. The verification was performed on a laboratory-based hybrid AC-DC power system testbed as hardware/software platform. In this system, RERs emulators together with their maximum power point tracking technology and power electronics converters were designed to test different energy harvesting algorithms. The Energy storage devices including lithium-ion batteries and ultra-capacitors were used to optimize the performance of the hybrid power system. A lithium-ion battery smart energy management system with thermal and state of charge self-balancing was proposed to protect the energy storage system. A grid connected DC PEVs parking garage emulator, with five lithium-ion batteries was also designed with the smart charging functions that can emulate the future vehicle-to-grid (V2G), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-house (V2H) services. This includes grid voltage and frequency regulations, spinning reserves, micro grid islanding detection and energy resource support. The results show successful integration of the developed techniques for control and energy management of future hybrid AC-DC power systems with high penetration of RERs and PEVs.

This master thesis deals with design of automation control system for operationally experimental malt-house. The first part deals with general description of all production stages of malting and brief description about the Research Institute of Brewering and Malting. It also generally characterizes the used hardware and software for automation control system. The second part of this thesis describes the types of programmable logic controllers and the selection of optimal variant for application of the operationally experimental malt-house. Master thesis in the third and fourth part contains a brief description about the methodology and the creation of control program and visualisation for automatic control system of the operationally experimental malt-house. The output of the master thesis is a complete control program and visualisation of the controlled application of the operating malt-house.