L’article 33.1 est une disposition du Code criminel qui vise à interdire l’utilisation de la défense d’intoxication extrême à l’encontre d’infractions violentes d’intention générale. La première version de cette disposition avait été ajoutée au Code criminel en 1995 en réaction à l’arrêt Daviault où la Cour suprême avait reconnu pour la première fois que l’état d’intoxication extrême pouvait constituer une défense admissible en droit pénal canadien. En adoptant cette disposition, le Parlement voulait s’assurer que les personnes qui avaient commis des crimes violents d’intention générale ne puissent invoquer leur état d’intoxication pour s’exonérer de leur responsabilité. Pendant plus de 25 ans, cette première version aura force de loi, mais en mai 2022 la Cour suprême rend l’arrêt Brown dans lequel elle déclare son inconstitutionnalité. En moins de six semaines, le Parlement adopte une nouvelle version de l’article 33.1 qui devrait, selon lui, corriger les lacunes de l’ancienne version et combler le vide juridique laissé par sa déclaration d’inconstitutionnalité. L’objet ultime du présent mémoire est donc d’évaluer si le nouveau libellé de l’article 33.1 du Code criminel sera en mesure d’atteindre les objectifs que le Parlement s’était fixés lors de son adoption. / Section 33.1 is a provision of the Criminal Code that is intended to prohibit the use of the defense of extreme intoxication against violent offences of general intent. The first version of this provision was added to the Criminal Code in 1995 in response to Daviault decision, where the Supreme Court recognized for the first time that a state of extreme intoxication could constitute an admissible defense in Canadian criminal law. By adopting this provision, Parliament wanted to ensure that people who had committed violent crimes of general intent could not invoke their state of intoxication to exonerate themselves from their responsibility. For more than 25 years, this first version will have the force of law, but in May 2022, the Supreme Court renders Brown judgement in which it declares its unconstitutionality. In less than six weeks, Parliament adopted a new version of article 33.1 which, in its view, should correct the shortcomings of the old version and fill the legal void left by its declaration of unconstitutionality. The ultimate purpose of this brief if therefore to assess whether the new wording of section 33.1 of the Criminal Code will be able to achieve the objectives that Parliament set for itself when it was adopted.

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filosofická fakulta katedra estetiky Diploma thesis Šimon Svěrák Situation of the Surrealist Subject (abstract) 2012 thesis supervisor: prof. PhDr. Vlastimil Zuska, CSc. Abstract This thesis focuses on the situation of a substantial subject in the historical development of the surrealist experience and confronts it with our original postmodern interpretation of thoughts of early Marx. The surrealist consciousness is based on a dialectical opposition between rational and irrational elements of cognitive processes. André Breton apprehends this dialectics under the perspective of love life and relates it to values of love, freedom and poetry. Nevertheless, this conception changes in the immanent development of the surrealist consciousness from Breton over the work and thoughts Salvador Dalí and Mikuláš Medek to Vratislav Effenberger. Effenberger removes positive values from surrealism and puts emphasis on the critical functions of the irrational. On the psychological field, all these ideas are based on the conception of the unconscious which means there is the substantial approach in them. Our critical interpretation of Marx shows, that the surrealist concept of subject is in the contradiction with its substantial determination. The subject has to be perceived as the essential...

ANNOTATION: The work The Mirror of Reality in the Imagery of Dreams of the 19th and 20th Centuries - Creative Individuality versus the Chaos of the Time is based on the assumption that dreams are inseparably linked to the concept of existence in human life (Michel Foucault). The study touches on the ways in which dreams are depicted in visual culture that does not coincide with chronologically organized historical events, but is an expression of a free alliance between artists in the European space and centuries of common experience. These works are generally socially critical, exposed to unimaginable pressure from public censorship. The artist must pretend it is only an innocent game, a crazy idea, a whim. At the same time, these paintings are not an expression of boundless imagination, but they are subject to the firm rules of spatial construction of the painting. This is due to the traditional delimitation of dark depths - the underworld of Virgil's Saturn myth of pre-Roman culture, alternating with the vertically felt open heavens as variants of the original Plato's The Myth of Er, which in the 20th century paintings is replaced by the idea of an open landscape with illumination on the low horizon. The work deals with the work of Albrecht Dürer, his copperplate Melancholia I (1514) and his so-called...