Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-03-28T11:58:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jeferson Arley Poveda Contreras - 2018.pdf: 763599 bytes, checksum: 6800571168e0aa9de85d151e4c912725 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-03-29T11:29:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jeferson Arley Poveda Contreras - 2018.pdf: 763599 bytes, checksum: 6800571168e0aa9de85d151e4c912725 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-29T11:29:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jeferson Arley Poveda Contreras - 2018.pdf: 763599 bytes, checksum: 6800571168e0aa9de85d151e4c912725 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-07 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The goal of this work is study limit cycles of piecewise smooth vector fields. First, we present the basic theory, passing through the areas of analysis, qualitative theory of differential equations and algebra. We also present basic concepts of Filippov fields, which are indispensable for the study of piecewise smooth fields. In chapter one, was the main topic, a general method for finding limit cycles will be described; in the second chapter limit cycles are found in a piecewise smooth vector field with non-degenerate center being perturbed by a piecewise polynomial vector field. In the fourth chapter, we study limit cycles in piecewise smooth Hamiltonian fields. / O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar ciclos limite de campos de vetores suaves por parte. Primeiro apresentaremos a teoria básica, passando pelas áreas de análise, teoria qualitativa das equações diferenciais e álgebra. Apresentamos também conceitos básicos de campos de Filippov, os quais são imprescindíveis para o estudo dos campos suaves por partes. No capítulo dos, como tópico principal, será descrito um método geral para encontrar ciclos limite; no segundo três são encontrados ciclos limites em um campo de vetores suave por partes com um centro não degenerado sendo perturbado por um polinômio. No quarto capitulo estudaremos os ciclos limites de campos de vetores Hamiltonianos por parte.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-29T14:12:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DESIANE MAIARA GOMES DOS SANTOS - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGF) 2015.pdf: 6011160 bytes, checksum: a5021549766593cfe2eb8fe5314ea39b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-29T14:12:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DESIANE MAIARA GOMES DOS SANTOS - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGF) 2015.pdf: 6011160 bytes, checksum: a5021549766593cfe2eb8fe5314ea39b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-10 / Capes / Nesta dissertação, analisamos a dinâmica de osciladores parametricamente forçados, com enfoque na amplificação de pequenos sinais. Iniciamos por uma revisão da ressonância paramétrica e da amplificação paramétrica em um oscilador linear parametricamente excitado. Em seguida, estudamos dois tipos de osciladores não-lineares parametricamente forçados e concluímos a dissertação com a análise de um dímero parametricamente excitado. Basicamente, analisamos os fenômenos de ressonância paramétrica e de amplificação paramétrica, comparando os resultados obtidos analiticamente (via métodos da média ou do balanço harmônico) com os obtidos via integração numérica das equações do movimento. Em todos os casos, obtivemos a linha de transição para a instabilidade paramétrica do oscilador paramétrico. Nós excitamos os amplificador paramétrico com e sem dessintonia entre entre o bombeamento e o sinal externo ac. Verificamos que o ganho da amplificação paramétrica depende da sensitivamente na fase do sinal externo ac e na amplitude do bombeamento. Mostramos que tais sistemas podem ser facilmente utilizados para recepção e decodificação de sinais com modulação de fase. Além disso, obtivemos séries temporais, envelopes e transformadas de Fourier para a resposta da amplificação paramétrica de pequenos sinais ac. Especificamente nos casos dos osciladores de Duffing parametricamente forçados, obtivemos e analisamos linhas de bifurcação e a amplitude dos ciclos limites como função da frequência e da amplitude de bombeamento. Adicionalmente, conseguimos obter uma relação analítica para os ganhos do sinal e do idler dos osciladores não-lineares parametricamente forçados pelo método do balanço harmônico. Os resultados obtidos implicam que os amplificadores paramétricos não-lineares podem ser excelentes detectores, especialmente em pontos próximos a bifurcações para instabilidade, em que apresentam altos ganhos e largura de banda bem estreitas. Por último, investigamos também o comportamento de dois osciladores lineares acoplados e parametricamente estimulados, com e sem força externa ac. Tais sistemas são muito sensíveis à fase do sinal a ser amplificado e podem ser utilizados para criar amplificadores sintonizáveis em função do parâmetro de acoplamento. / In this dissertation, we studied the dynamics of parametrically-driven oscillators, with a focus on the amplification of small signals. We begin with a revision of parametric resonance and parametric amplification in a linear oscillator parametrically excited. Next, we studied two types of nonlinear parametrically-driven oscillators and finished the dissertation with an analysis of a parametric dimer. Basically, we analyzed the phenomena of parametric resonance and parametric amplification by comparing the results obtained analytically (via the averaging or harmonic balance methods) with those of numerical integration of the equations of motion. In all cases, we obtained the transition line to parametric instability of the parametric oscillator. We excited the parametric amplifier with and without detuning between the pump and the external signal. We found that the parametric amplification depends sensitively on the phase of the external ac signal and on the internal pump amplitude. We showed that such amplifiers can be easily used for the reception and decoding of signals with phase modulation. Furthermore, we obtained time series, envelopes, and Fourier transforms of the response of the parametric amplifier to small external ac signals. Specifically in the cases of the parametrically-driven Duffing oscillators, we obtained and analysed the bifurcation lines and the amplitude of limit cycles as function of the pump amplitude and frequency. In addition, we derived an expression for the signal and idler gains of the nonlinear parametrically-driven oscillators with the harmonic balance method. The results imply that the nonlinear parametric amplifiers can be excellent detectors, specially near bifurcations to instability, due to their high gains and narrow bandwidths. Finally, we studied the dynamics of two linear oscillators coupled and parametrically excited, with and without external ac driving. We found that such systems have a wealth of dynamical responses. They present parametric amplification that is dependent on the coupling parameter and on the phases of the external ac signals. Such systems may be used as tunable amplifiers.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:02:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALEX NERI GUTIERREZ DISSERTACAO.pdf: 1234288 bytes, checksum: ae65a58b7c2fd793b3c15d44001d82d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-23 / This work has the main objective in the context of the fuzzy theory. Averaging method, differential inclusions are studied; finally this context of the fuzzy theory. / O trabalho tem como objetivo principal, o estudo de um método de averaging em problemas de valor inicial no contexto fuzzy. Com o intuito de facilitar a compreensão do trabalho, faz-se um estudo do, um método de averaging no contexto determinístico, teoria de inclusões diferencias, teoria dos conjuntos fuzzy, inclusões diferenciais fuzzy e finalmente mostra-se o um resultado da validade do método de averaging no contexto fuzzy.

面對通訊與資訊科技的大幅進步，通訊網路正在進行一個巨大的變革，要將電信網路與數據網路整合成一個單一的All-IP網路以支援所有網路應用服務。欲達到整合型網路的理想，仍有許多困難尚待克服，而服務品質問題是其中最關鍵的問題之一。因為受限於封包交換網路之原有的特性，All-IP網路有影響服務品質的三項因素：過長的延遲時間、抖動以及封包遺失。首先，我們利用了達成度函數(achievement function)來處理單位的轉換，使得能夠同時考量此三項不同單位的因素。接著，本文中提出一套方法來解決All-IP網路上端對端(end-to-end)的資源配置及路徑規劃問題。在分配資源時，我們企圖提供一種成比例的公平性給各個不同等級。此公平性的精神是要使得所有網路使用者的滿足程度相當，而非各個不同等級的使用者分配到相同的資源。我們將以預算方式控制端對端品質管理以追求使用者之整體最大滿意程度。 本論文的規劃概念是將網路規劃分成兩個階段。第一階段是在一筆給定的總預算底下，以成比例的方式去分配資源給各個不同等級，並建置網路上的頻寬，使各等級能依其需求拿到適當的頻寬，確保滿足程度相當。 接下來第二階段則是在第一部份已完成的規劃基礎下，做路徑規劃，指派新進入的使用者到一條較好的路徑，在滿足此使用者的延遲時間要求下，使此系統的壅塞程度越小越好。路徑規劃的概念為如何挑選最佳網路路徑，以規劃具服務品質之端對端路徑，並可達到資源之最有效利用。網路營運者將可運用此套方法來調校自身所營運的網路以追求使用者最高滿意度。 / We present an approach for the fair resource allocation problem and QoS routing in All-IP networks that offer multiple services to users. The objective of the optimization problem is to determine the amount of required bandwidth for each link and each class to maximize the sum of the users' utility. In this work, we focus on approaches that, while allocating bandwidth, attempt to provide a proportionally fair treatment of all the competing classes. First, we will show that an achievement function can map different criteria subject to various utility onto a normalized scale. It may be interpreted as a measure of QoS (Quality of Service) on All-IP networks. Using the bandwidth allocation model, we can find a Pareto optimal allocation of bandwidth on the network under a limited available budget. This allocation can provide the so-called proportional fairness to every class, that is, this allocation can provide the similar satisfaction to each user. Next, we present a routing scheme under consideration of the delay. Such an optimal path provides the end-to-end QoS guarantees to each user. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate how to solve the fair resource allocation problem and how to modify the nonlinear parts.

On étudie l'écoulement turbulent d'un fluide sur une canopée, que l'on modélise comme un milieu poreux déformable. Ce milieu poreux est en fait composé d'un tapis de fibres susceptibles de se courber sous la charge hydrodynamique du fluide, et ainsi de créer un couplage fluide-structure à l'échelle d'une hauteur de fibre (honami). L'objectif de la thèse est de développer un modèle macroscopique de cette interaction fluide-structure, afin d'en réaliser des simulations numériques. Une approche numérique de simulation aux grandes échelles est donc mise en place pour capturer les grandes structures de l'écoulement et leur couplage avec les déformations du milieu poreux. Pour cela nous dérivons les équations régissant la grande échelle, au point de vue du fluide ainsi que de la phase solide. À cause du caractère non-local de la phase solide, une approche hybride est proposée. La phase fluide est décrite d'un point de vue Eulerien, tandis que la description de la dynamique de la phase solide nécessite une représentation Lagrangienne. L'interface entre le fluide et le milieu poreux est traitée de manière continue. Cette approche de l'interface fluide/poreux est justifiée par un développement théorique sous forme de bilan de masse et de quantité de mouvement à l'interface. Ce modèle hybride est implémenté dans un solveur écrit en C$++$, à partir d'un solveur fluide disponible dans la librairie CFD \openfoam. Un préalable nécessaire à la réalisation d'un tel modèle macroscopique est la connaissance des phénomènes de la petite échelle en vue de les modéliser. Deux axes sont explorés concernant cet aspect. Le premier consiste à étudier les effets de l'inertie sur la perte de charge en milieu poreux. Un paramètre géométrique est proposé pour caractériser la sensibilité d'une microstructure poreuse à l'inertie de l'écoulement du fluide dans ses pores. L'efficacité de ce paramètre géométrique est validée sur une diversité de microstructures et le caractère général du paramètre est démontré. Une loi asymptotique est ensuite proposée pour modéliser les effets de l'inertie sur la perte de charge, et comprendre comment celle-ci évolue en fonction de la nature de la microstructure du milieu poreux. Le deuxième axe d'étude de la petite échelle consiste à étudier l'effet de l’interaction fluide-structure à l'échelle du pore sur la perte de charge au niveau macroscopique. Comme les cas présentent de grands déplacements de la phase solide, une approche par frontières immergées est proposée. Ainsi deux méthodes numériques sont employées pour appliquer la condition de non-glissement à l'interface fluid/solide: l'une par interface diffuse, l'autre par reconstitution de l'interface. Cela permet une validation croisée des résultats et d'atteindre des temps de calcul acceptables tout en maîtrisant la précision des résultats numériques. Cette étude permet de montrer que l'interaction fluide-structure à l'échelle du pore a un effet considérable sur la perte de charge effective au niveau macroscopique. Des questions fondamentales sont ensuite abordées, telles que la taille d'un élément représentatif ou la forme des équations de transport dans un milieu poreux souple. / We study the turbulent flow of a fluid over a canopy, that we model as a deformable porous medium. This porous medium is more precisely a carpet of fibres that bend under the hydrodynamic load, hence initiating a fluid-structure coupling at the scale of a fibre's height (honami). The objective of the thesis is to develop a macroscopic model of this fluid-structure interaction in order to perform numerical simulations of this process. The volume averaging method is implemented to describe the large scales of the flow and their interaction with the deformable porous medium. An hybrid approach is followed due to the non-local nature of the solid phase; While the large scales of the flow are described within an Eulerian frame by applying the method of volume averaging, a Lagrangian approach is proposed to describe the ensemble of fibres. The interface between the free-flow and the porous medium is handle with a One-Domain- Approach, which we justify with the theoretical development of a mass- and momentum- balance at the fluid/porous interface. This hybrid model is then implemented in a parallel code written in C$++$, based on a fluid- solver available from the \openfoam CFD toolbox. Some preliminary results show the ability of this approach to simulate a honami within a reasonable computational cost. Prior to implementing a macroscopic model, insight into the small-scale is required. Two specific aspects of the small-scale are therefore studied in details; The first development deals with the inertial deviation from Darcy's law. A geometrical parameter is proposed to describe the effect of inertia on Darcy's law, depending on the shape of the microstructure of the porous medium. This topological parameter is shown to efficiently characterize inertia effects on a diversity of tested microstructures. An asymptotic filtration law is then derived from the closure problem arising from the volume averaging method, proposing a new framework to understand the relationship between the effect of inertia on the macroscopic fluid-solid force and the topology of the microstructure of the porous medium. A second research axis is then investigated. As we deal with a deformable porous medium, we study the effect of the pore-scale fluid-structure interaction on the filtration law as the flow within the pores is unsteady, inducing time-dependent fluidstresses on the solid- phase. For that purpose, we implement pore-scale numerical simulations of unsteady flows within deformable pores, focusing for this preliminary study on a model porous medium. Owing to the large displacements of the solid phase, an immersed boundary approach is implemented. Two different numerical methods are compared to apply the no-slip condition at the fluid-solid interface: a diffuse interface approach and a sharp interface approach. The objective is to find the proper method to afford acceptable computational time and a good reliability of the results. The comparison allows a cross-validation of the numerical results, as the two methods compare well for our cases. This numerical campaign shows that the pore-scale deformation has a significant impact on the pressure drop at the macroscopic scale. Some fundamental issues are then discussed, such as the size of a representative computational domain or the form of macroscopic equations to describe the momentum transport within a soft deformable porous medium.