Um dos mais investigados problemas na teoria qualitativa dos sistemas dinâmicos no plano é o XVI problema de Hilbert que trata dos ciclos limites. Mais precisamente, a segunda parte do referido problema questiona sobre o número máximo de ciclos limites de um sistema diferencial polinomial plano de grau n. Por ciclo limite entendemos uma órbita fechada isolada no conjunto de todas as órbitas periódicas de um sistema diferencial plano.Uma maneira clássica de obter um ciclo limite é perturbando um sistema com uma singularidade do tipo centro. Nesta dissertação apresentamos dois métodos utilizados para a análise do número de ciclos limites que bifurcam de um centro, a saber o método das integrais abelianas e o método do averaging / One of the most investigated problems in the qualitative theory of dynamical systems in the plane is the XVI Hilberts problem which deals with limit cycles. More precisely, the second part of the problem asks about the maximum number of limit cycles of a polynomial differential system of degree n. A limit cycle is a single closed orbit on the set of all periodic orbits of a differential planar system. A classic way to obtain a limit cycle is perturbing a system with a singularity of center type.In this work we discuss about two methods used to investigate the number of limit cycles which bifurcate from a center; they are known as Abelian integrals and averaging theory

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:02:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Arianny Grasielly Baiao Malaquias.pdf: 551063 bytes, checksum: c96bb635153e7e0b5f3ae1b8cd01d621 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-30 / In this work, we studying the Averaging Method via Brouwer Degree for upper bound the number of limit cycle that can bifurcate from a center type singularity of a diferential equation system. After that, we give concrete examples this upper bound can be realized. / Nesta dissertação, estudaremos o Método do Averaging via Grau de Brouwer para determinar o número de ciclos limites que podem bifurcar de uma singularidade do tipo centro de um sistema de equações diferenciais. Além disso, mostramos através de exemplos concretos que esta cota superior pode ser realizada

Orientador: Marco Antonio Teixeira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T23:30:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Novaes_DouglasDuarte_M.pdf: 5434265 bytes, checksum: a8305bf54c8b40b01e2508dd9b5aa3d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O Método de Averaging é uma ferramenta clássica, muito útil no estudo do comportamento de sistemas dinâmicos suaves. Uma das utilidades de tal método consiste em transformar o problema de encontrar soluções periódicas, de um sistema dinâmico, em um problema de se encontrar soluções de uma determinada equação algébrica. Os resultados clássicos, para o estudo de soluções periódicas de sistemas dinâmicos, assumem que tais sistemas sejam, no mínimo, de classe C2. Recentemente, utilizando principalmente a Teoria do Grau de Brouwer, o Método de Averaging foi estendido para o estudo de soluções periódicas de sistemas dinâmicos, assumindo somente a hipótese de continuidade do sistema. Por outro lado, o campo da matemática que versa sobre os sistemas dinâmicos descontínuos, chamados frequentemente de Sistemas de Filippov, teve nos últimos anos um rápido desenvolvimento. Tal campo, se tornou, certamente, uma das fronteira comuns entre a Matemática, a Física, a Engenharia e outras áreas afins. Apesar do rápido desenvolvimento que essa área da matemática vem tendo, existem ainda poucas ferramentas para se trabalhar com os Sistemas de Filippov, bem como, inúmeros problemas em abertos. Desenvolvemos aqui, uma extensão do Método de Averaging que nos permite estudar soluções periódicas de uma classe de Sistemas de Filippov. Estão contidos nessa classe de Sistemas de Filippov estudada, os modelos matem áticos de inúmeros fenômenos mecânicos. Dentre eles, estudamos com detalhes o fenômeno de sincronização de osciladores harmônicos fracamente acoplados. Apontamos também, uma série de problemas similares, a ser trabalhado num futuro próximo, envolvendo complicações típicas dos Sistemas de Filippov / Abstract: The Averaging Method is a classical and matured tool that provides a useful means to study the behavior of nonlinear smooth dynamical systems. One of the main applications of this method consists to transform the problem of finding periodic solutions of a dynamical systems in a problem of finding solutions of an algebraic equation. The classical results for studying the periodic solutions of differential systems need at least that those systems be of class C2. Recently, the Averaging Theory has been extended for studying periodic orbits to continuous differential systems using mainly the Brouwer degree. On the other hand, the mathematical field which study the discontinuous dynamical systems, called Filippov Systems, is a subject that has been developing at a very fast pace in recent years. This field has become certainly one of the common frontiers between Mathematics, Physics, Engineering, and other related sciences. In spite of the fast developing of this subject, there are just a few tools to work with Filippov Systems as well as numerous open problems. Our main objective, in this work, is to extend the averaging method for studying the periodic solutions of a class of Filippov Systems. Thus, overall results are presented to ensure the existence of limit cycles of such systems. In this class, of Filippov Systems, are contained the models of many mechanical phenomenon. Among these, we study in details the synchronization phenomena of harmonic oscillators weakly coupled. We also point out some similar problems to be studied in the future, involving usual complications of Filippov Systems / Mestrado / Matematica / Mestre em Matemática

Differential systems appear modelling many natural phenomena in different branches of sciences, in biological and physical applications among other areas. Differential systems usually have invariant curves and we can obtain a better description of the qualitative behaviour of their solutions using them. Such invariant curves may be algebraic or not and in the case where they are closed, isolated in the set of periodic orbits and without singular points, they are called limit cycles. There is a very famous problem, proposed by David Hilbert in 1900 what ask about the maximum number of limit cycle that all polynomial differential systems of a given degree could present. In this work we investigate the existence of some invariant curves in quadratic polynomial differential systems and in discontinuous piecewise differential systems (they are known as Filippovs systems). Even after hundreds of studies on the phase portraits of real planar quadratic vector fields the complete characterization of their phase portraits is a quite complex task, they depend on twelve parameters, after affine transformations and time rescaling, we have families with five parameters, which is still a large number. So many subclasses have been considered instead of the complete system. In this work we investigate conditions under the parameters of the system for a planar quadratic differential system present invariant algebraic curve of degree 3 (a cubic curve) and a Darboux invariant and obtain all the topological non-equivalent phase portraits of these systems. The increasing interest in the theory of nonsmooth vector fields has been mainly motivated by their strong relation with physics, engineering, biology, economy, and other branches of sciences. In the study of the Filippovs systems, we investigate the number of periodic orbits that they can present. In this study we apply the averaging theory. Such theory is used to study some classical models and we also present generalization of such technique for a class of nonsmooth systems. In addition, we also show how the LyapunovSchmidt reduction method can be used to consider cases where the averaging theory is not sufficient to study periodic solutions. / Sistemas diferenciais aparecem na modelagem de muitos fenômenos naturais em diferentes ramos da ciência, em aplicações biológicas e físicas, entre outras áreas. Sistemas diferenciais geralmente possuem curvas invariantes e podemos obter uma melhor descrição do comportamento qualitativo de suas soluções utilizando-as. Tais curvas invariantes podem ser algébricas ou não e, no caso de serem fechadas, isoladas no conjunto de órbitas periódicas e sem pontos singulares, são chamadas de ciclos limites. Há um problema muito famoso, proposto por David Hilbert em 1900, que questiona o número máximo de ciclos limites que os sistemas diferenciais polinomiais de um determinado grau poderiam apresentar. Neste trabalho investigamos a existência de algumas curvas invariantes em sistemas diferenciais polinomiais quadráticos e em sistemas diferenciais contínuos por partes (eles são conhecidos como sistemas de Filippov). Mesmo após centenas de estudos sobre os retratos de fase dos campos vetoriais reais planares e quadráticos, a caracterização completa de seus retratos de fase é uma tarefa bastante complexa. Eles dependem de doze parâmetros e após transformações afins e reescalonamento de tempo, temos famílias com cinco parâmetros, o que ainda é um grande número. Assim muitas subclasses tem sido consideradas em vez do sistema completo. Neste trabalho investigamos condições sob os parâmetros do sistema para que um sistema diferencial planar quadrático apresente uma curva algébrica invariante de grau 3 (curva cúbica) e um invariante de Darboux e obtemos todos os retratos de fase não equivalentes destes sistemas. O crescente interesse na teoria dos campos de vetores suaves por partes tem sido motivado, principalmente, por sua forte relação com a física, engenharia, biologia, economia e outros ramos das ciências. No estudo dos sistemas de Filippov, investigamos o número de órbitas periódicas que eles podem apresentar. Para este estudo, aplicamos a teoria do averaging. Tal teoria é usada para estudar alguns modelos clássicos e também apresentamos a generalização de tal técnica para uma classe de sistemas suaves por partes. Além disso, mostramos também como o método de redução de Lyapunov Schmidt pode ser usado para considerar casos em que a teoria do averaging sozinha não é suficiente para estudar soluções periódicas.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-144).

Orientador: Paulo Ricardo da Silva / Banca: João Carlos da Rocha Medrado / Banca: Fernando de Osório Mello / Banca: Claudio Aguinaldo Buzzi / Banca: Vanderlei Minori Horita / Resumo: Neste trabalho estudamos sistemas diferenciais forçados, também conhecidos como sistemas de equações com impasse. Estudamos os casos onde tais sistemas são suaves e os casos onde são possivelmente descontínuos. Usando técnicas de perturbação singular obtemos alguns resultados sobre a dinâmica destes sistemas em vizinhanças dos conjuntos de impasse. No caso suave, a Teoria de Fenichel clássica e crucial para o desenvolvimento dos principais resultados. Para o caso com descontinuidades, uma teoria similar a Teoria de Fenichel 'e desenvolvida. Além disso, estudamos a bifurcação de ciclos limites das órbitas periódicas de um centro diferencial linear quando perturbamos tal centro dentro de uma classe de sistemas diferenciais lineares por partes com impasse / Abstract: In this work we study constrained differential systems, also known as systems of equations with impasse. We study the cases where such systems are smo oth and the cases where they are p ossibly discontinuous. Using singular p erturbation techniques we obtain some results on the dynamic of these systems in neighb orho o ds of the impasse sets. In smo oth case, the classical Fenichel's Theory is crucial for the development of the main results. For the case with discontinuity, a similar theory to Fenichel's Theory is develop ed. Moreover, we study the bifurcation of limit cycles from the p erio dic orbits of a linear differential center when we p erturb such center inside a class of piecewise linear differential systems with impasse / Doutor

We study the turbulent flow of a fluid over a canopy, that we model as a deformable porous medium. This porous medium is more precisely a carpet of fibres that bend under the hydrodynamic load, hence initiating a fluid-structure coupling at the scale of a fibre's height (honami). The objective of the thesis is to develop a macroscopic model of this fluid-structure interaction in order to perform numerical simulations of this process. The volume averaging method is implemented to describe the large scales of the flow and their interaction with the deformable porous medium. An hybrid approach is followed due to the non-local nature of the solid phase; While the large scales of the flow are described within an Eulerian frame by applying the method of volume averaging, a Lagrangian approach is proposed to describe the ensemble of fibres. The interface between the free-flow and the porous medium is handle with a One-Domain- Approach, which we justify with the theoretical development of a mass- and momentum- balance at the fluid/porous interface. This hybrid model is then implemented in a parallel code written in C$++$, based on a fluid- solver available from the \openfoam CFD toolbox. Some preliminary results show the ability of this approach to simulate a honami within a reasonable computational cost. Prior to implementing a macroscopic model, insight into the small-scale is required. Two specific aspects of the small-scale are therefore studied in details; The first development deals with the inertial deviation from Darcy's law. A geometrical parameter is proposed to describe the effect of inertia on Darcy's law, depending on the shape of the microstructure of the porous medium. This topological parameter is shown to efficiently characterize inertia effects on a diversity of tested microstructures. An asymptotic filtration law is then derived from the closure problem arising from the volume averaging method, proposing a new framework to understand the relationship between the effect of inertia on the macroscopic fluid-solid force and the topology of the microstructure of the porous medium. A second research axis is then investigated. As we deal with a deformable porous medium, we study the effect of the pore-scale fluid-structure interaction on the filtration law as the flow within the pores is unsteady, inducing time-dependent fluidstresses on the solid- phase. For that purpose, we implement pore-scale numerical simulations of unsteady flows within deformable pores, focusing for this preliminary study on a model porous medium. Owing to the large displacements of the solid phase, an immersed boundary approach is implemented. Two different numerical methods are compared to apply the no-slip condition at the fluid-solid interface: a diffuse interface approach and a sharp interface approach. The objective is to find the proper method to afford acceptable computational time and a good reliability of the results. The comparison allows a cross-validation of the numerical results, as the two methods compare well for our cases. This numerical campaign shows that the pore-scale deformation has a significant impact on the pressure drop at the macroscopic scale. Some fundamental issues are then discussed, such as the size of a representative computational domain or the form of macroscopic equations to describe the momentum transport within a soft deformable porous medium.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:07:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cardin_pt_dr_sjrp.pdf: 479456 bytes, checksum: 52785d20631e0d11a14a241fde1ae7c9 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Neste trabalho estudamos sistemas diferenciais forçados, também conhecidos como sistemas de equações com impasse. Estudamos os casos onde tais sistemas são suaves e os casos onde são possivelmente descontínuos. Usando técnicas de perturbação singular obtemos alguns resultados sobre a dinâmica destes sistemas em vizinhanças dos conjuntos de impasse. No caso suave, a Teoria de Fenichel clássica e crucial para o desenvolvimento dos principais resultados. Para o caso com descontinuidades, uma teoria similar a Teoria de Fenichel ´e desenvolvida. Além disso, estudamos a bifurcação de ciclos limites das órbitas periódicas de um centro diferencial linear quando perturbamos tal centro dentro de uma classe de sistemas diferenciais lineares por partes com impasse / In this work we study constrained differential systems, also known as systems of equations with impasse. We study the cases where such systems are smo oth and the cases where they are p ossibly discontinuous. Using singular p erturbation techniques we obtain some results on the dynamic of these systems in neighb orho o ds of the impasse sets. In smo oth case, the classical Fenichel’s Theory is crucial for the development of the main results. For the case with discontinuity, a similar theory to Fenichel’s Theory is develop ed. Moreover, we study the bifurcation of limit cycles from the p erio dic orbits of a linear differential center when we p erturb such center inside a class of piecewise linear differential systems with impasse

L'ingénierie tissulaire intervient pour restaurer le tissu osseux. Parmi les traitements possibles, l'utilisation d'un bioréacteur à perfusion permet l'amplification in vitro de cellules souches ou osseuses prélevées chez le patient avant réimplantation. La contrainte de cisaillement générée par l'écoulement stimule mécaniquement les cellules et amplifie la production tissulaire. Cette technique souffre cependant de sa conception empirique et doit à présent être optimisée. L'objectif de cette thèse est l'étude et la modélisation de la croissance tissulaire et de la prolifération cellulaire à l'échelle du bioréacteur. En particulier, il s'agit de comprendre l'impact de l'écoulement sur la formation du tissu. Pour cela, une double approche de modélisation et d'expérimentation a été adoptée. Des expériences de culture cellulaire ont permis de mettre au jour la prolifération préférentielle des cellules près des parois du bioréacteur comme conséquence de l'hétérogénéité du support, et l'évolution de la morphologie du tissu. Un modèle prédisant le devenir des cellules ainsi que la croissance tissulaire à l'échelle du bioréacteur est proposé. L'aspect multi-échelles du problème est pris en considération et les procédures d'homogénéisation sont menées à bien grâce à la méthode de prise de moyenne volumique. / Bone tissue engineering aims at restoring bone tissues. Among the possible treatments, the use of a perfusion bioreactor allows the amplification in vitro of the patient bone or stem cells prior to implantation. The advantage of using such bioreactors is two-fold: in addition to greatly improving species transport, tissue production is enhanced. Although promising, this technique suffers from its empirical conception and now needs to be optimized. The purpose of this thesis is to study and model tissue growth and cell proliferation under a fluid flow of culture medium at the scale of the bioreactor. In particular, we wish to understand the impact of fluid flow on tissue formation. To this end, a double approach of experimentation and modeling has been adopted. Cell culture experiments in a perfusion bioreactor highlighted the preferential cell proliferation in the parietal region as a consequence of the heterogeneity of the scaffold, and the evolution of the tissue morphology. A model for predicting the cell's fate along with tissue growth at the scale of the bioreactor is proposed. The hierarchy of the system is considered and the upscaling procedures are carried out with the Volume Averaging Method.

Contribution à l’étude du phénomène d’oscillation argumentaire. L’oscillateur argumentaire a un mouvement stable périodique, à une fréquence proche de sa fréquence fondamentale, lorsqu’il est soumis à une excitation provenant d’une source de type harmonique, à une fréquence qui est un multiple de ladite fréquence fondamentale, et agissant de manière telle que son interaction avec le système dépende des coordonnées d’espace du système. La présente thèse étudie quelques systèmes argumentaires et essaie de mettre en évidence des relations symboliques entre les paramètres de ces systèmes et leur comportement observé ou calculé. C’est la représentation de Van der Pol qui a été utilisée la plupart du temps pour représenter l’état du système, car elle est bien adaptée à la méthode de centrage, où l'on cherche une solution sous forme d’un signal de type sinusoïdal, d’amplitude et de phase lentement variables. L’originalité de la présente thèse vis-à-vis des publications antérieures est dans la modélisation, plus proche des systèmes physiques réels, dans les développements symboliques qui donnent des représentations inédites, dans le mode de réalisation des expériences, qui utilisent toutes une visualisation de Van der Pol en temps réel, et dans l’objet de l’expérience de la poutre excitée axialement de manière argumentaire. Au cours de cette thèse, des systèmes simples à un DDL ont été modélisés, construits et expérimentés. Des relations symboliques, notamment concernant les probabilités de capture par des attracteurs, ainsi que des critères de stabilité et une solution symbolique approchée, ont été mis en évidence. Un système continu constitué d’une poutre élancée excitée axialement a ensuite été modélisé à l’aide de deux modèles et expérimenté ; toujours dans le domaine symbolique, des propriétés ont été étudiées, notamment concernant des combinaisons de plages de paramètres permettant au phénomène argumentaire d’exister / Contribution to the study of the argumental oscillation phenomenon. The argumental oscillator has a stable periodic motion at a frequency close to its fundamental frequency when it is subjected to an excitation from a harmonic source at a frequency which is a multiple of said fundamental frequency, and acting in such a way that its interaction with the system depends on the space coordinates of the system. This thesis studies some argumental systems and tries to demonstrate symbolic relations between the parameters of these systems and their observed or calculated behavior. The Van der Pol representation was used most of the time to represent the state of the system, as it is well adapted to the averaging method, where a solution is sought as a signal of sinusoidal type, with slowly varying amplitude and phase. The originality of this thesis with respect to previous publications is in the modeling, closer to real physical systems, in the symbolic developments that give new representations, in the embodiment of the experiments, which all use a real-time Van der Pol visualization, and in the object of the experiment of the beam axially excited in an argumental way. During this thesis, simple systems with one DDL have been modeled, built and tested. Symbolic relationships have been highlighted, in particular with regard to the probabilities of capture by attractors, as well as stability criteria and an approximate symbolic solution. A continuous system consisting of an axially excited slender beam was then modeled using two models, and tested; still in the symbolic domain, properties have been studied, especially concerning combinations of parameter ranges allowing the argumental phenomenon to occur