La photo-isomérisation de l’azopolymère cause des mouvements de masse permettant d'inscrire des figures d'interférences à la surface de films minces. Les films sont répliqués sur un substrat en PDMS transparente t étirable. Il forme des réseaux de phase. Les figures de diffraction décrivent les surfaces, elles sont utilisées pour modéliser numériquement les réseaux, quelles que soient les contraintes.Le projet WOLF vise à fabriquer des nano lasers blancs à colorants organiques. Un montage complexe de caractérisation est développé. Le module d’excitation permet d’illuminer les nanotubes un à un. Le pompage tente de maximiser l’émission laser d’un unique nano objet. La collection du signal repose pricipalement sur l’utilisation d’une fibre optique ouvrant la porte de la microscopie confocale. La spectroscopie associée au montage révèle la formation de cavités au sein des nano bâtonnets organiques. Malgré la faible puissance du signal, les modes sont étudiés,mettant en évidence des nano-cavités. Les nano-objets sont parfois étudiés dans des liquide. La micro-fluidique est développée au laboratoire. Sans salle blanche une méthode photolithographique est développée à bas coûts. Les puces nouvellement créées sont testées dans le mélange de deux fluides et lors de la caractérisation de nanoparticules en suspension par leur mouvement Brownien. Cette thèse à permis de mettre en place les outils d’observation de nano-objets uniques / Azopolymer photo-isomerization causes matter motion. This phenomena is responsible for the inscription of the interference pattern on surface of thin films. The films are replicated by pouring PDMS on it. PDMS is a transparent and stretchable polymer. The diffraction pattern of these gratings describes the surface. These informations are used to numerically simulate the surface irrespective of the mechanical constraints.The WOLF project try to synthetize white lightorganic nanolasers. For that purpose, a complex setup has been realised. The excitation part of the setup illuminates a single nano-laser or a few. The pump source is designed to optimise the amplified emission of the nanolasers. The collection of the signal is based on an optical fiber.This fibre has given us the chance to use confocal microscopy. Spectroscopy combined with our setup show the existence of nanocavities among nanotubes. In spite of the low signal power, the emitting modes are studied and show the cavity effect of these lasers. In another context, nano-objets are sometimes studied in solution. For that reason, a new experiment has been setup, namely, microfluidic. Without the use of a clean room, a low cost photolithograpic method is developped. The microfluidic chips are tested during the mixing of to liquids and during the obsevation of the brownian motion of particules. This PhD thesis has given the tools needed for the characterization of single nano-objects.

Polímeros contendo grupos azo-benzênicos têm sido estudados devido a sua capacidade para óptica não linear, formação de superfícies de relevo e de birrefringência fotoinduzida. O fator que possibilita essas aplicações é a propriedade de fotoisomerização reversível trans-cis-trans do grupo azo que produz a sua reorientação molecular. Neste trabalho foram produzidos filmes casting do poliuretano MDI-DR19 derivado de azo-benzeno. Estudou-se o crescimento e decaimento da birrefringência para diferentes valores de potência da luz de excitação da fotoisomerização. Os resultados experimentais do crescimento e decaimento foram analisados usando duas exponenciais e eles mostraram que o polímero MDI-DR19 apresenta boas características para utilização em armazenamento óptico pois cerca de 65% da birrefringência induzida no material permanece por longos intervalos de tempo. Ilustramos o processo de armazenamento de informação gravando uma imagem de birrefringência num filme de MDI-DR19. Foram também produzidas grades de relevo em filmes de MDI-DR19 utilizando franjas de interferência produzidas com luz de polarização P e S. Essas grades apresentaram alta uniformidade e características compatíveis com as mostradas na literatura. / Polymers containing azobenzenic groups have been studied due to their applications on non-linear optics, surface relief gratings (SRG) and photoinduced anisotropy for optical storage. The reversal photoisomerization trans-cis-trans property of the azo group induces a molecular reorientation. In this work, cast films of na azobenzene derivative, the polyurethane MDI-DR19, were studied. The build-up and decay of the birefringence were studied as a function of the photoisomerization exciting light power. The data of the build-up and decay of the birefringence were fitted with a bi-exponential function, which shows the stability of the MDI-DR19 for application in optical storage, since 65% of the induced birefringence remains after a long time. The optical storage is illustrated by recording a birefringence image in a film of MDI-DR19. It was also performed a SRG over films of MDI-DR19 applying an interference finger pattern with a P and S polarized light. The light induced gratings shows good uniformity and characteristics compatible with those presented in the literature.

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Polímeros contendo grupos azo-benzênicos têm sido estudados devido a sua capacidade para óptica não linear, formação de superfícies de relevo e de birrefringência fotoinduzida. O fator que possibilita essas aplicações é a propriedade de fotoisomerização reversível trans-cis-trans do grupo azo que produz a sua reorientação molecular. Neste trabalho foram produzidos filmes casting do poliuretano MDI-DR19 derivado de azo-benzeno. Estudou-se o crescimento e decaimento da birrefringência para diferentes valores de potência da luz de excitação da fotoisomerização. Os resultados experimentais do crescimento e decaimento foram analisados usando duas exponenciais e eles mostraram que o polímero MDI-DR19 apresenta boas características para utilização em armazenamento óptico pois cerca de 65% da birrefringência induzida no material permanece por longos intervalos de tempo. Ilustramos o processo de armazenamento de informação gravando uma imagem de birrefringência num filme de MDI-DR19. Foram também produzidas grades de relevo em filmes de MDI-DR19 utilizando franjas de interferência produzidas com luz de polarização P e S. Essas grades apresentaram alta uniformidade e características compatíveis com as mostradas na literatura. / Polymers containing azobenzenic groups have been studied due to their applications on non-linear optics, surface relief gratings (SRG) and photoinduced anisotropy for optical storage. The reversal photoisomerization trans-cis-trans property of the azo group induces a molecular reorientation. In this work, cast films of na azobenzene derivative, the polyurethane MDI-DR19, were studied. The build-up and decay of the birefringence were studied as a function of the photoisomerization exciting light power. The data of the build-up and decay of the birefringence were fitted with a bi-exponential function, which shows the stability of the MDI-DR19 for application in optical storage, since 65% of the induced birefringence remains after a long time. The optical storage is illustrated by recording a birefringence image in a film of MDI-DR19. It was also performed a SRG over films of MDI-DR19 applying an interference finger pattern with a P and S polarized light. The light induced gratings shows good uniformity and characteristics compatible with those presented in the literature.