L’évidence morphologique de l'aspect verbal dans les langues slaves en fait un sujet d'étude bien connu, mais ce domaine demeure peu exploré pour ce qui est de la langue croate. Ce travail, qui s'appuie pour l'appareil théorique sur plusieurs travaux traitant de l'aspect verbal et des valeurs aspecto-temporelles en BCMS et dans d'autres langues slaves, complète dans un premier temps les connaissances sur le comportement aspectuel de l'infinitif et dresse une liste de ses valeurs aspectuelles dans toutes ses fonctions, notamment en tant que complément des verbes modaux des domaines sémantiques pouvoir, devoir et vouloir. Au-delà de cette analyse, il offre une série d'algorithmes établis sur les facteurs (im)perfectivants, et permettant de résoudre le problème du choix aspectuel dans de multiples situations données. Posant comme prémisse que les informations contribuant à déterminer les choix et les valeurs de l'aspect sont pour une bonne partie recelées dans le sémantisme du verbe à l'infinitif et le procès qu'il dénote, ce travail explore l'influence des propriétés de la situation référentielle sur le choix aspectuel. Afin d'éviter une confusion entre valeurs aspectuelles et contenus sémantiques, sont traités séparément l'infinitif indépendant, l'infinitif complément de verbes de modalité, puis des verbes modaux. Il s'avère que les facteurs qui motivent le choix de l'aspect des infinitifs sont d'origines différentes et relèvent de la nature de la notion verbale et des propriétés du procès référentiel. En ce qui concerne l'impact du semi-auxiliaire, il n'est lié au choix de l'aspect que dans la mesure où il contribue à créer une situation référentielle. / Due to its morphological markedness, the verbal aspect in Slavic languages is a well-known subject of study, but this area remains little explored in terms of the Croatian language. This thesis, whose theoretical apparatus is based on several works dealing with the verbal aspect as well as aspectual and temporal values in BCMS and other Slavic languages, completes the knowledge about the behavior of the aspectual infinitive, and lists its aspectual values in all its functions, including a complement of verbs expressing modality, namely, "can", "must" and "want". Together with this analysis, the thesis offers a series of algorithms developed on the factors of (im)perfectivation, which answer the question of aspectual choice in many given situations. Posing as a premise that the information that helps to determine aspectual choices and values is mainly harbored in the semantics of the infinitive and the act it denotes, this thesis explores the influence of referential situation properties on the aspectual choice. To avoid confusion between aspectual values and semantic content, we treated the independent infinitive and infinitive complement of modality or modal verbs separately. The results of the study show that the factors that motivate the choice of infinitives have different origins and deal with the properties of verbal concept and reference situation. The semi-auxiliary verb has some influence only insofar it helps to create a reference situation.

On effectue une analyse de la langue du droit de l’Union européenne (UE), en comparant, dans une visée contrastive, les tournures et structures caractéristiques du français avec celles du BCMS, et on aborde certaines problématiques liées à la traduction des textes juridiques de l’UE dans cette langue autrefois dénommée serbo-croate, et aujourd’hui connue sous un sigle reprenant les initiales des dénominations : bosniaque, croate, monténégrin et serbe. Cette étude se fonde sur une approche analytique d’un corpus parallèle constitué de quatre versions linguistiques (anglaise, française, croate et monténégrine) de l’Accord de stabilisation et d’association entre les Communautés européennes et leurs États membres d’une part, et la République du Monténégro, d’autre part. Ce document se rattache au droit conventionnel de l’UE et constitue le pilier du processus de stabilisation et d’association dans le cadre duquel s’effectue l’intégration des pays des Balkans occidentaux au sein de l’UE. / We analyse EU legal language, compare and contrast French characteristic structures with those of BCMS and examine problems related to the translation of EU legal texts into this language, formerly named Serbo-Croatian and today known by the initials of the names: Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian. This research is based on an analytical approach to a parallel corpus consisting of four language versions (English, French, Croatian and Montenegrin) of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Montenegro, of the other part. This document is part of the EU’s international agreements which is a pillar of the Stabilisation and Association process, the framework for the integration of Western Balkan countries into the EU.

Block copolymers have been extensively applied in diverse fields including packaging, electrolytes, delivery devices, and biosensors. Multiple investigations have been carried out on polymeric materials for cargo delivery purpose to understand how they behave over time. Block copolymer micelles (BCMs) have demonstrated superiority to deliver cargo, especially in drug delivery due to their encapsulation of hydrophobic agents. This dissertation will mainly study BCMs for potential applications in cargo delivery. Methods to study BCMs, including NMR spectroscopy, relaxometry and diffusometry, can provide valuable molecular information, such as chemical structure, translational motion, inter- or intramolecular interaction, dynamics, and exchange kinetics. Therefore, this dissertation describes applications of versatile NMR methods to reveal the fundamental behaviors of block copolymer self-assemblies, such as their dynamic stability, cargo partitioning, polymer chain exchange, and chain distribution in solution. We have investigated two BCM systems. Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-(ε-caprolactone) (PEO-PCL) is a model system to study BCM dynamic stability. PEO-PCL can self-assemble into spherical micelles at 1% w/v in D2O-THF-d8 mixed solvents. We used NMR diffusometry to quantify diffusion coefficients and populations of micelles and unimers (i.e. free polymer chains in solution) over a range of temperature (21 – 50 °C) and solvent composition (10 – 100 vol % THF-d8). By mapping the micelle-unimer coexistence phase diagrams, we are able to enhance our ability to understand and design micelle structure and dynamics. Moreover, we can also probe the chain exchange kinetics between micelles using a new technique we developed – time-resolved NMR spin-lattice relaxation (T1) or TR-NMR. This technique is an analog to time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering (TR-SANS), which can monitor specific signal intensity changes caused after mixing of isotope-labeled micelle solutions. A second system, Pluronic® F127 (PEO99PPO69PEO99) is a test system to study BCM structure and dynamic changes upon drug uptake. Pluronic® F127 is a commercial copolymer that can solubilize different hydrophobic drugs in micelles. We successfully encapsulated three model drugs into Pluronic® F127 BCMs and investigated the effects of polymer concentration and drug composition on drug partitioning fractions. Also, we proposed to design and synthesize a series of block copolymers with varied glass transition temperatures in core-forming blocks. Using NMR diffusometry, we have measured the existing unimer concentrations in micellar solutions and correlated these results with chain mobility and internal chemical composition. Lastly, we have extended our expertise in NMR and polymers into the study of ion-containing polymer systems (polyelectrolytes). A critical problem in polymer science is the inability to reliably measure the molecular weight of polyelectrolytes. We are developing methods to solve this problem by using NMR diffusometry, rheology, scattering, and scaling theories to accomplish general molecular weight measurements for polyelectrolytes. In short, this dissertation describes studies to provide more perspectives on structural and dynamic properties at various time and length scales for polymeric materials. NMR measurements, in combination with many other advanced techniques, have given us a better picture of soft matter behaviors and provided guidance for synthesis and processing efforts, especially in block copolymer micelles for delivery purposes. / Doctor of Philosophy / Block copolymers have been extensively applied in diverse fields in packaging, electrolytes and nano-scale drug delivery carriers. In the area of cancer treatment, only a limited number of drug nanocarriers have been approved for clinical applications. Therefore, it is very important to understand the principles behind drug delivery for targeted purposes. There have been many studies on polymeric delivery carriers but their behaviors have not been completely understood. Therefore, we have tremendous interest in unraveling the mysteries in those polymeric systems. Among a multitude of techniques to study block copolymer materials, the NMR method serves as a potent tool for its non-destructive, chemical-specific and isotope-selective merits. NMR can provide basic information about block copolymer self-assembly and other polymeric properties, such as chemical structure, molecular interactions and diffusion coefficients of species of interests. Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 have investigated different classes of polymeric materials, mainly block copolymer micelles, for their structure and stability, exchange kinetics of polymer chains or cargo, and translational properties. Greater understanding about the fundamental properties of these polymeric systems, is essential for enabling new applications and new research areas.