This doctoral thesis combines three major topics of how Romantic Couples verbally and nonverbally Communicate Dominance. We research their behavioral dynamics from Evolutionary and Communication perspectives. Against current psycho-social scientific theories, we do suggest that people that are stereotypically seen as submissive, those using other than direct, active, and aggressive strategies, can achieve their will as well. They simply use behaviors that researchers do not consider as dominant (powerful) behaviors and look for them. We explore the whole spectrum of dominance strategies and their context of where, when, and how they are used. We chose a highly qualitative approach during the data collection and analysis part. We adapted a psychotherapy method for research purposes, our Relationship Drama, to overcome significant limitations that nonverbal and communication research struggles with. Therefore, we could see and further qualitatively analyze real couple's behavior in their real typically appearing conflict interaction. Those are described in the theoretical part of this thesis, in chapter 1. Findings from yet unpublished studies that were presented at conferences and are relevant to specific topics are included as well as one case study illustrating dominance ascription complexity. The...

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付記する学位プログラム名: 霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22722号 / 理博第4631号 / 新制||理||1665(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 Michael Alan Huffman, 准教授 足立 幾磨, 教授 高田 昌彦 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Past research has shown a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol related consequences. Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) are able to lower the negative effects of drinking alcohol, however, the protective effects of PBS at times is moderated by situational circumstances or individual differences. This study looks at the cognitive metaphor of being a Head or Heart person and the moderating effects it has on PBS and alcohol consumption and alcohol related consequences. Participants completed the AUDIT-C to measure drinking habits, the PBSS to asses strategy usage, the YAAQC to measure drinking problems and a self-report single item measure for Head versus Heart identification. It was found that those who identify themselves as Head people have a stronger relationship between PBS use and alcohol consumption which in turn showed a stronger negative relationship between PBS use and alcohol related consequences via alcohol use. These findings suggest that PBS have stronger protective effects within those who identify themselves as Head people.

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OBJECTIVE: An alcohol-drinking culture exists among first-time-in-college students, where many of these students come to their university relatively inexperienced with alcohol, which may increase alcohol-related consequences. Several interventions exist to combat this campus problem. The current study investigates the use of a Deviance Regulation Theory (DRT) intervention, presented in a web-based manner, to increase alcohol Protective Behavioral Strategies (PBS), such as monitoring drinks, using a designated driver, and drinking water in between alcoholic beverages, among college freshmen. METHOD: College freshmen participants (N = 157) completed web-based surveys examining alcohol behaviors once a week for six weeks. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a positive frame about individuals who used PBS, a negative frame about individuals who did not use PBS, or a control group that did not receive a DRT intervention. Participants also reported their perception of PBS use among UCF students and friend. Data was analyzed in each PBS subtype: Manner of Drinking, Stop/Limiting Drinking, and Serious Harm Reduction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Results indicate a negatively framed message with high perceived norm levels results in increased PBS use, which may suggest college freshmen have a strong drive to "fit in", or avoid standing out in negative ways. Further, there seems to be little desire to standout in positive ways among first-year students. This may be indicative of individuals who modify their behavior in order to assimilate to a new and unfamiliar environment. Furthermore, some PBS strategies were associated with decreases in alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. Results suggest a DRT intervention may be beneficial to first-time-in-college students.

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In conclusion, the main conclusions are presented –in case of innovative changes, it is necessary to form a pilot team consisting of younger engineers and managers with expressed motives for achieving coping strategies for solving problems in stressful situations and a dominant strategy of behavior in conflict of interest, this will be the main factor influencing the success of implementation. Due to the fact that for managers and specialists of older age categories, the dominant motive will be the motive of avoidance and compromise and cooperation as behavioral strategies, which may negatively affect the implementation results due to the concealment of information about the implementation progress. / В работе показано, что при инновационных изменениях необходимо формировать пилотажную команду состоящую из более молодых инженеров и руководителей с выраженными мотивами достижения придерживающихся копинг-стратегий разрешения проблем в стрессовой ситуаций и доминирующей стратегией поведения в конфликте сотрудничество, это и будет основной фактор влияния успешности внедрения. В связи с тем что у руководителей и специалистов более старшей возрастной категорий доминирующим мотивом будут выступать мотив избегания и в качестве стратегий поведения компромисс и сотрудничество, что может негативно повлиять на результаты внедрения в виду сокрытия информаций о ходе внедрения.