Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T13:19:02Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T13:19:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T13:19:02Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T13:19:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Nesta pesquisa, objetivou-se entender os efeitos da possível melhoria da infraestrutura laboratorial dos laboratórios da Rede de metrologia de defesa e segurança (RDS) do Programa Sibratec e da atuação da gestão em rede na oferta de apoio e de serviços metrológicos às empresas do setor de defesa e segurança, dentro dos propósitos do projeto. Procurou-se também identificar a existência de lacunas na oferta de serviços de calibração/ensaio para suprir a demanda das indústrias de defesa e segurança, bem como analisar a adequação do projeto RDS a essas demandas das indústrias de defesa e segurança, tendo como propósito contribuir com informações para ações futuras. A pesquisa desenvolvida é do tipo qualitativo, com características de pesquisa exploratória, fundamentada em estudo de caso. Foi estruturada em duas partes, envolvendo coleta de dados primários e de dados secundários. Para a coleta dos dados primários foram elaborados dois questionários, sendo um (Questionário A) destinado aos cinco representantes dos laboratórios na RDS e outro (Questionário B) aos contatos das 63 empresas do setor de defesa e segurança que necessitam de serviços de calibração e de ensaios pertinentes às áreas de atuação dos laboratórios da RDS. Foram obtidas respostas de quatro representantes dos laboratórios da RDS e de 26 empresas do setor de defesa e segurança. Os dados secundários resultaram de pesquisa documental. A análise dos resultados foi feita tendo por base cinco dimensões definidas com o objetivo de organizar e melhorar o entendimento do cenário da pesquisa. São elas, abrangência do projeto, regionalidade, gestão em rede, rastreabilidade metrológica e importância e visibilidade da RDS. Os resultados indicaram que a atuação da RDS não interferiu, até então, na rastreabilidade metrológica dos produtos das empresas do setor de defesa e segurança participantes da pesquisa. / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Η επιλογή της καλύτερης διαθέσιμης τεχνολογίας για την επεξεργασία βιομηχανικών αποβλήτων που προέρχονται από μια δεδομένη πηγή απαιτεί μια καλά δομημένη και περιεκτική μεθοδολογία για συστηματική αποτίμηση των εναλλακτικών τεχνολογιών. Μια κατάλληλη μεθοδολογία για την επιλογή ενός ολοκληρωμένου συστήματος διαχείρισης βιομηχανικών απόβλητων από περιβαλλοντική και οικονομική άποψη αναπτύσσεται και εφαρμόζεται σε μια βιομηχανία γάλακτος. Προκειμένου να επιλεγεί το πιο φιλικό προς το περιβάλλον και το περισσότερο οικονομικό ολοκληρωμένο σύστημα επεξεργασίας, διαφορετικές τεχνολογίες επεξεργασίας βιομηχανιών αποβλήτων εξετάστηκαν. Τα συστήματα επεξεργασίας αποτελούνται από εναλλακτικές διεργασίες προεπεξεργασίας, τεχνολογίες βιολογικής επεξεργασίας (αερόβιες και αναερόβιες) και την επεξεργασία της ιλύος. Αναπτύχθηκε ένα μοντέλο τύπου ριζόχαρτου που υπολογίζει την κατανάλωση των υλικών, της ενέργειας, των κύριων αναλωσίμων και τις εκπομπές που συνδέονται με τις φάσεις οικοδόμησης και λειτουργίας των εναλλακτικών τεχνολογιών επεξεργασίας. Στη συνέχεια χρησιμοποιήθηκε η μεθοδολογία της Ανάλυσης Κύκλου Ζωής (ΑΚΖ) για να υπολογιστούν ποσοτικά οι πιθανές περιβαλλοντικές επιπτώσεις σε κάθε περίπτωση. Οι επιλογές που βασίζονται στην αναερόβια χώνευση αναδείχθηκαν ότι είναι περισσότερο φιλικές προς το περιβάλλον και οδηγούν σε λιγότερες εκπομπές. / The selection of the best available technology for the treatment of industrial wastewater originating from a given source requires a well structured and comprehensive methodology for the systematic evaluation of the alternative technologies. A suitable methodology for the selection of an integrated system of management of industrial wastewater from the environmental and economic viewpoints is developed and applied to a milk industry. In order to select the environmentally friendlier and most economic integrated treatment system, different industrial wastewater treatment technologies were considered. The treatment systems consisted of alternative pretreatment processes, biological treatment technologies (aerobic and anaerobic) and sludge treatment. A spreadsheet model that calculates the consumption of materials, energy, main consumables and emissions associated with both the construction and operation phases of the alternative treatment technologies was constructed. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology was then used to quantify the potential environmental impacts in each case. Options based on anaerobic digestion were found to be the most environmentally friendly leading to fewer emissions.

Along with industrial and economic growth there is a persistent risk of permanently increasing air pollution. Air pollution has especially grown in the second half of the 20th century due to intense development of energy, industry and transport sectors. These pollution sources still remain the largest air polluters. Solvents, paints, glues, ink and other substances, emitting volatile organic compounds to air are used in such industries like reel, metal and wood coating, covering with glue sticks, footwear production, production of pharmaceutical products, printing, dry (chemical) surface cleaning etc. Emissions of volatile organic compounds make harm both to people and environment as well as damage the ozone layer. Volatile organic compounds also affect smog formation and green house effect. In the paper it is hypothesised that after implementation of EU legislation, observing the given emission limit values, improving technologies and implementing new treatment technologies, applying the measures to reduce pollution with volatile organic compounds and replacing the materials, emitting volatile organic compounds, with less polluting ones or those without pollution, air emission of volatile organic compounds will reduce dramatically. This master’s paper reviews the measures and ways to manage pollution with volatile organic compounds (VOC): directives and their requirements, transferred to the national laws of the member states, addressed to solve the VOC pollution problem... [to full text]