Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A cidade de Jundiaí está localizada a aproximadamente 60 Km de São Paulo e tem uma população de 342.983 mil habitantes sendo que 94,37% residem na zona urbana. A cidade está inserida na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Jundiaí, rio que é formado a partir da confluência do Rio Jundiaizinho com o Ribeirão das Taipas e possui uma extensão de 123 quilômetros e sua foz está situada em Salto, na confluência do Rio Jundiaí com o Rio Tietê. Está é menor bacia hidrográfica do estado de São Paulo e também uma das mais industrializadas. A cidade de Jundiaí conta com a Estação de Tratamento de Esgotos Novo Horizonte (ETE Jundiaí), que coleta 98% dos esgotos da cidade, trata 100% de todo esgoto coletado, com eficiência de remoção de 92% de carga orgânica, esgoto que depois do tratamento é lançado no Rio Jundiaí. O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar ensaios de toxicidade com organismos aquáticos para avaliar a carga tóxica que chega à ETE, bem como a eficiência do tratamento biológico e a influência da estação no seu entorno. Foram coletadas amostras em 6 pontos distintos; à montante da ETE (P1), na entrada da ETE (P2), na calha de distribuição das lagoas de aeração (P3), nas 2 saídas da ETE (P4 e P5) e à jusante da ETE (P6). As amostras de afluente da ETE foram mais tóxicas que os efluentes da ETE; já os resultados das amostras do rio não apresentaram diferença. Para Vibrio fischeri os valores de CE(i)50 variaram entre 2,23% e 9,39% para a calha de entrada das lagoas de aeração, enquanto que para Daphnia similis variaram entre 15,52% e 89,95%; para a entrada da ETE os valores variaram entre 4,63% e 8,31% para Vibrio fischeri , e 17,68% e não tóxico para Daphnia similis. Nas campanhas onde foram amostradas as saídas da ETE e águas do rio, os ensaios realizados com Vibrio fischeri apresentaram resultados entre 53,55% e não tóxico para águas do rio e 29,46% e não tóxico para o efluente da ETE, já para Daphnia similis, os resultados estão entre 55,92% e não tóxico para águas do rio e 70,97% e não tóxico para o efluente da ETE. Nos ensaios realizados com Ceriodaphnia dubia, a média de nascimentos para águas do rio esteve entre 4,60 e 15,00 enquanto que para o efluente da ETE esteve entre 4,50 e 10,35 para amostra bruta. Os resultados de toxicidade comprovam a eficiência da ETE na remoção de toxicidade porém outros parâmetros devem ser observados para se comprovar o impacto de seus efluentes sobre as águas do rio. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

This research uses Regression analysis of fluorescence spectroscopy results to correlate with Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5). Fluorescence spectroscopy was applied to samples taken from seven sample sites in the Provo and Orem waste water treatment plants found in Utah County. A total of 161 samples were collected for this research. 23 samples each were taken from four sites in the Provo waste water treatment plant namely Provo head works, aeration basin, primary filter settlement basin and the Provo effluent basin. The Orem head works, the clarifier and the Orem effluent basin were the three sample sites in the Orem waste water treatment plant where 23 samples each were collected to carry out the analysis. The fluorescent characteristics of the samples were determined using fluorescence spectrometry. These intensities were correlated with standard five day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) values which were used as a measure of the amount of biodegradable organic material present. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) data were also taken from these treatment plants for correlation purposes. Three different correlation analyses were made which were the correlation of fluorescence spectroscopy excitation-emission matrix (EEM) against (1) individual sites BOD and COD values (2) Provo only and Orem only BOD and COD values (3) combined Provo and Orem BOD and COD values. The correlation of Individual site EEMs against BOD and COD values produced the best results. There was a higher correlation of EEM with BOD data than COD data. The R-squared for the combined Provo and Orem BOD data was 0.756 and that for COD was 0.729. Very high R-squared was obtained for Provo Influent data and Orem Influent data which were 0.955 and 0.946 respectively. This method can be used by wastewater stakeholders in deriving quick results in determining potential pollution events within a shorter time frame. This research demonstrates that there is a correlation between EEM and BOD/COD.

No description available.

This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) under different loading regimes, using wastewater of much higher strength than usually encountered in SAT systems, and also to investigate the removal of the endocrine disruptors triclocarban (TCC), estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). SAT was simulated in the laboratory using a series of soil columns under saturated and unsaturated conditions. Investigation of the removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), nitrogen and phosphate in a 2 meter long saturated soil column under a combination of constant hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) and variable COD concentrations as well as variable HLR under constant COD showed that at fixed HLR, a decrease in the influent concentrations of DOC, BOD, total nitrogen and phosphate improved their removal efficiencies. It was found that COD mass loading applied as low COD wastewater infiltrated over short residence times would provide better effluent quality than the same mass applied as a COD with higher concentration at long residence times. On the other hand relatively high concentrations coupled with long residence time gave better removal efficiency for organic nitrogen. Phosphate removal though poor under all experimental conditions, was better at low HLRs. In 1 meter saturated and unsaturated soil columns, E2 was the most easily removed estrogen, while EE2 was the least removed. Reducing the thickness of the unsaturated zone had a negative impact on removal efficiencies of the estrogens whereas increased DOC improved the removal in the saturated columns. Better removal efficiencies were also obtained at lower HLRs and in the presence of silt and clay. Sorption and biodegradation were found to be responsible for TCC removal in a 300 mm long saturated soil column, the latter mechanism however being unsustainable. TCC removal efficiency was dependent on the applied concentration and decreased over time and increased with column depth. Within the duration of the experimental run, TCC negatively impacted on treatment performance, possibly due to its antibacterial property, as evidenced by a reduction in COD removals in the column. COD in the 2 meter column under saturated conditions was modelled successfully with the advection dispersion equation with coupled Monod kinetics. Empirical models were also developed for the removal of TCC and EE2 under saturated and unsaturated conditions respectively. The empirical models predicted the TCC and EE2 removal profiles well. There is however the need for validation of the models developed

This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) under different loading regimes, using wastewater of much higher strength than usually encountered in SAT systems, and also to investigate the removal of the endocrine disruptors triclocarban (TCC), estrone (E1), 17¿-estradiol (E2) and 17¿- ethinylestradiol (EE2). SAT was simulated in the laboratory using a series of soil columns under saturated and unsaturated conditions. Investigation of the removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), nitrogen and phosphate in a 2 meter long saturated soil column under a combination of constant hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) and variable COD concentrations as well as variable HLR under constant COD showed that at fixed HLR, a decrease in the influent concentrations of DOC, BOD, total nitrogen and phosphate improved their removal efficiencies. It was found that COD mass loading applied as low COD wastewater infiltrated over short residence times would provide better effluent quality than the same mass applied as a COD with higher concentration at long residence times. On the other hand relatively high concentrations coupled with long residence time gave better removal efficiency for organic nitrogen. Phosphate removal though poor under all experimental conditions, was better at low HLRs. In 1 meter saturated and unsaturated soil columns, E2 was the most easily removed estrogen, while EE2 was the least removed. Reducing the thickness of the unsaturated zone had a negative impact on removal efficiencies of the estrogens whereas increased DOC improved the removal in the saturated columns. Better removal efficiencies were also obtained at lower HLRs and in the presence of silt and clay. Sorption and biodegradation were found to be responsible for TCC removal in a 300 mm long saturated soil column, the latter mechanism however being unsustainable. TCC removal efficiency was dependent on the applied concentration and decreased over time and increased with column depth. Within the duration of the experimental run, TCC negatively impacted on treatment performance, possibly due to its antibacterial property, as evidenced by a reduction in COD removals in the column. COD in the 2 meter column under saturated conditions was modelled successfully with the advection dispersion equation with coupled Monod kinetics. Empirical models were also developed for the removal of TCC and EE2 under saturated and unsaturated conditions respectively. The empirical models predicted the TCC and EE2 removal profiles well. There is however the need for validation of the models developed / Netherlands Organisation for International Cooperation in Higher Education (Nuffic) / The Appendix files for this thesis are unavailable online via Bradford Scholars.

No description available.

Wastewater treatment facilities around the world use significant amount of energy which contributes to large quantities of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. According to the U.S.EPA, nearly 3% of the USA's energy is used to treat wastewater. This consumption is increasing at faster rates with increase in population and regulations. Wastewater facilities use large number of pumps in their transfer stations, treatment plants, and effluent pump stations. All these pumps consume considerable amounts of energy. This study presents a preliminary energy inspection of two facilities from Louisiana. This audit provides an inventory of the energy consumed for various activities like pumping, treatment, and discharge. This analysis helps the operators to identify the potential power consuming areas and optimize by adopting several energy conservation measures (ECMs). This study also involves the quantification of GHG emissions based on the energy consumption. The benefits of the study include minimizing energy and GHG emission.

O rio Uberabinha, localizado na região do Triângulo Mineiro, em Minas Gerais, compõe a sub-bacia do rio Araguari, afluente da bacia do rio Paranaíba, na região hidrográfica do rio Paraná. Mede, da sua nascente no município de Uberaba à foz no rio Araguari, aproximadamente 150 km, percorrendo cerca de 135 km no município de Uberlândia. Drena uma bacia de cerca de 2.190 km2, onde se localizam as captações da água que abastece uma população que hoje se aproxima de meio milhão de habitantes. Os esgotos produzidos pela cidade são também todos descarregados no rio. O trabalho consistiu na análises de pH, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido e demanda bioquímica de oxigênio em amostras coletadas em cinco pontos do rio Uberabinha, a partir de uma seção a montante da cidade, até cerca de 20,5 km a jusante do último ponto de lançamento de esgoto, abrangendo uma extensão de aproximadamente 42 km. Neste trecho, o relevo passa de medianamente dissecado para intensamente dissecado, com presença de inúmeras corredeiras e cachoeiras. As amostras foram coletadas de junho de 1999 a maio de 2000 e a vazão também foi medida nos dois pontos extremos de coleta. Os resultados mostram que os teores de OD sofrem uma redução ao receber a carga de poluição e gradativamente tendem a recuperar sua taxa de saturação. Em contrapartida, a DBO segue uma curva inversa, denotando a atuação do fenômeno da autodepuração, embora dentro do trecho estudado não se verifique ainda a completa remoção da carga orgânica. / The Uberabinha River, located in the region of Triângulo Mineiro, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, is part of the Araguari River sub-basin. From its head in the city of Uberaba to its mouth in the Araguari River, it measures approximately 150 km, spanning about 135 km in the municipality of Uberlândia. The river drains a watershed of about 2.190 km2, from which water is collected to supply a population that approaches half a million inhabitants. Later, the sewage produced by the city is also discharged directly into the river. This research consisted in the analyses of pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand of samples collected in five points of the Uberabinha River, from a section starting upstream of the urban area down to 20.5 km downstream the last point of sewage discharge, encompassing approximately 42 km. In this river section, the landforms go from low to medium hills with many rapids and waterfalls. The samples were collected from June 1999 to May 2000 and the water flow was measured on the two extremes of the studied river section. The results show that the dissolved oxygen values are reduced when receiving the sewage and it tends to slowly return to its normal saturation rate. On the other hand, the biochemical oxygen demand follows a reverse path, as a result of the natural phenomenon of self-restoration even though the organic material is not yet completely removed from the studied river section. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

MPH / Department of Public Health / See the attached abstract below