Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of St Andrews, November 2007.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stevens Point, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-41).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stevens Point, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-144).

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- Lincoln University, 2004. / Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Montana, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Apr. 26, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-72).

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 133 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:40:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 dalbeto_ac_me_botib.pdf: 512250 bytes, checksum: 74cf55a9258484f70078078b132aeb9a (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as comunidades de aves em duas variáveis topográficas de 480m Porção Norte (PN) e 520m Porção Sul (PS) na Estação Ecológicas dos Caetetus, verificando assim, suas relações ecológicas quanto a composição de espécies, abundância, estrutura trófica e estratificação da avifauna, bem como testar se há variações na detecção de espécies e indivíduos em períodos diferentes em dois períodos do dia (manhã e tarde) e do ano, sendo o período chuvoso (dezembro de 2007 a abril 2008) e seco (maio a setembro de 2008). O estudo ocorreu entre os meses de dezembro de 2007 a janeiro de 2008, utilizou-se o método de Ponto de Escuta. O levantamento quantitativo registrou 125 espécies para PN e 156 espécies para PS. O Índice Pontual de abundância variou de 0,008 (1 contato) a 0,87 (210 contatos) na PN e de 0,004 (1 contato) a 0,91 (219 contatos) na PS. A diversidade para PN foi de = 3,76 e para PS H’ = 2,68. A comunidade de aves mostrou o mesmo padrão encontrado em outros fragmentos florestais de mata estacional semidecidual. Os insetívoros foram a categoria mais representativa, sendo a família Tyrannidae a que mais se destacou nas duas porções. As diferenças encontradas entre as duas porções foram resultantes das características da vegetação que garantiram boa parte das espécies exclusivas na PS, o que indica a forte influência da vegetação nas aves. O estudo da influencia do dia, mostrou os dados apóiam a idéia de maior atividade das aves se dá durante a manhã, sendo este período responsável pelo registro significativo de mais espécies e indivíduos. Já a analise da influência do regime de chuvas na EECa não influenciou a distribuição das aves / This study it had as objective to analyze the communities of birds in two topographical variable of 480m Porção Norte (PN) and 520m Porção Sul (PS) in the ecological Station Ecological of the Caetetus, thus verifying, its relations how much the species composition, abundance, structures of guildas and stratification of avifauna, as well as testing if it has variations in the species detention and individuals in different periods in two periods of the day (morning and late) and of the year, being the rainy period (December of 2007 April 2008) and dry (May the September of 2008). The study the January of 2008 occurred enters the months of December of 2007, used the method of Point of Listening. The quantitative survey registered 125 species for PN and 156 species for PS. The Prompt Index of abundance varied of 0,008 (1 contact) the 0,87 (210 contacts) in the PN and of 0,004 (1 contact) the 0.91 (219 contacts) in the PS. The diversity for PN was of = 3,76 and for PS H' = 2,68. The community of birds the same showed standard found in other forest fragmentos of semidecidual estacional bush. The insetívoros had been the category most representative, being the Tyrannidae family the one that more was distinguished in the two portions. The differences found between the two portions had been resultant of the characteristics of the vegetation that had guaranteed good part of the exclusive species in the PS, what it indicates the strong influence of the vegetation in the birds. The study of it influences of the day, it showed the data support the idea of bigger activity of the birds if of the one during the morning, being this responsible period for the significant register of more species and individuals. Already it analyzes it of the influence of the rain regimen in the EECa did not influence the distribution of the birds

The family Papillomaviridae contains more than 320 papillomavirus types, with most having been identified as infecting skin and mucosal epithelium in mammalian hosts. To date, only nine non-mammalian papillomaviruses have been described from birds (n = 5), a fish (n = 1), a snake (n = 1), and turtles (n = 2). The identification of papillomaviruses in sauropsids and a sparid fish suggests that early ancestors of papillomaviruses were already infecting the earliest Euteleostomi. The Euteleostomi clade includes more than 90 per cent of the living vertebrate species, and progeny virus could have been passed on to all members of this clade, inhabiting virtually every habitat on the planet. As part of this study, we isolated a novel papillomavirus from a 16-year-old female Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) from Cape Crozier, Ross Island (Antarctica). The new papillomavirus shares similar to 64 per cent genome-wide identity to a previously described Adelie penguin papillomavirus. Phylogenetic analyses show that the non-mammalian viruses (expect the python, Morelia spilota, associated papillomavirus) cluster near the base of the papillomavirus evolutionary tree. A papillomavirus isolated from an avian host (Northern fulmar; Fulmarus glacialis), like the two turtle papillomaviruses, lacks a putative E9 protein that is found in all other avian papillomaviruses. Furthermore, the Northern fulmar papillomavirus has an E7 more similar to the mammalian viruses than the other avian papillomaviruses. Typical E6 proteins of mammalian papillomaviruses have two Zinc finger motifs, whereas the sauropsid papillomaviruses only have one such motif. Furthermore, this motif is absent in the fish papillomavirus. Thus, it is highly likely that the most recent common ancestor of the mammalian and sauropsid papillomaviruses had a single motif E6. It appears that a motif duplication resulted in mammalian papillomaviruses having a double Zinc finger motif in E6. We estimated the divergence time between Northern fulmar-associated papillomavirus and the other Sauropsid papillomaviruses be to around 250 million years ago, during the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition and our analysis dates the root of the papillomavirus tree between 400 and 600 million years ago. Our analysis shows evidence for niche adaptation and that these non-mammalian viruses have highly divergent E6 and E7 proteins, providing insights into the evolution of the early viral (onco-)proteins.

An avian embryo is ectothermic, with body temperature determined by environmental temperature. Upon hatching, the neonate begins a conversion so that endothermic capacity becomes feasible and body temperature becomes independent of environment. Whole animal metabolic rate and ventilation response, cardiovascular development, and maturation of muscle mitochondrial flux were the focus of this dissertation because of the direct role in shivering thermogenesis. Precocial ducks and altricial Double-crested Cormorants exhibit increasing hematocrit and disproportionate increases in fractional heart mass resulting in greater oxygen delivery capacity and increased capacity of muscles to utilize oxygen compared with ectothermic American Alligator and Common Snapping turtles. By selecting for faster growth and higher meat yield in the domestic chicken, differences in whole-animal, tissue, cellular, and regulatory responses are evident between broiler and layer type birds. In the altricial red-winged blackbird, despite appearance of a whole animal endothermic response sometime after 7 dph, capacity of skeletal muscles involved in shivering thermogenesis peaks prior to that time. Thus, full development of endothermy is delayed in this species, allowing the altricial nestling to allocate energy towards growth rather than metabolic maintenance. Hypothyroidism in neonate red-winged blackbirds results in delayed maturation of the cardiovascular system and mitochondrial oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle. Such deficiencies were quickly recovered once the animals returned to a normothyroid state, apparently at the cost of increasing body mass. Insights into onset of thermoregulation provide a more thorough understanding of metabolic and physical transitions a hatchling bird must undergo to reach the adult endothermic phenotype. Endothermic capacity will continue to be at the forefront of physiological research because of the significance of changes between the energetic relations of an animal that must occur with its environment.

No description available.