In recent years, due to the popularity of smart phone, the mobile application store are loved by consumers, making an increasing number of about 40 mobile application stores around the world. Mobile applications store offers a wide range of applications, software programs, content and services, such as games, tools, music, entertainment, books, etc., allowing consumers to use free or paid downloads. A variety of choices meets all aspects of consumer demand that changes the original value provided by phone service. However, it is doubly difficult to make one software standing out from the number of the many applications and thus increasing the amount downloaded made by consumers. Even if the store offers different kinds of marketing methods to assist the software increasing exposure opportunities, but still not enough. The goal of this study is going to improve the visibility of the software. After comparing the various media channels, finding the appropriate promotional channel for mobile applications is social media. Then by two cases analyzed understands the marketing effect through social media. By the aforementioned, this study sorts out the appropriate exposure development model of mobile applications software. First, software developers choose the appropriate software to create pages by being promoted software attributes and the media habits of target segments. Second, building blog provides consumers with more complete software and activities information to make up for other types of social media which is not entirely on message passing. Third, the software developer integrates the related sites, including blog, social media, or website to help the update information to be obtained on all relevant sites.

Bird¡¦s nest is the saliva from the Colloclia that have a lot of mucin and sialic acid. However the sialic acid is an important intermediate of influenza virus infection. In 2006, Guo et al was confirmed the Inhibitory effect of bird¡¦s nest extract on influenza virus infection. But the anti-virus component has not been isolated and purified. First, the bird's nest used in this study was proved to be a pure bird¡¦s nest by SDS-PAGE, sialic acid content and protein content. Qualification analysis by SDS-PAGE showed sample possessed three bands at about 50 kDa, 100 kDa and 150 kDa, by Warren assay showed sample possessed a sialic acid content about 10% of dry weight, by Kjeldahl method showed sample possessed a protein content about 50% of dry weight, and by fluorescence analysis in 365 nm showed sample emitted a blue-white light. According to the criteria on previous studies, the sample was considered to be a real and pure bird¡¦s nest. Subsequently, the sample was applied to pronase digestion and then separated by Bio-gel P2 for size exclusion chromatography. All fractions were performed carbohydrate analysis including sialic acid. In lectin blotting, Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA) lectin can interact with the fraction that suggest the structure of sialic acid is sialic acid-2,3 galactose in bird¡¦s nest. And carbohydrate membrane array to demonstrate the influenza virus of H5N1 and H1N1 can bind the fractions that suggest the antivirus effect of bird¡¦s nest. These fractions will be further analyzed by neutralization assay to study their antivirus effects in vitro.

Surface mining often changes the native landscape and vegetation of an area. Reclamation is used to counter this change, with the goal of restoring the land to its original pre-mined state. The process of reclamation creates early successional-stage lands, such as grasslands, shrublands, and wetlands, attracting new plant and animal species to the area. I compared avian species density (number of individuals/ha), diversity (H'), and richness (number of species/ha) on reclaimed and non-mined lands at TXU's Big Brown Mine in Fairfield, Texas. I also compared my results to those of a previous study conducted 25 years earlier. Avian counts were conducted using a fixedradius point-count method on 240 points placed in four different vegetation types and in four land-age groups (time since being reclaimed). Vegetation was measured both locally, and at a landscape level. Overall bird species density did not exhibit a clear relationship on non-mined versus reclaimed land. Overall bird species diversity was greater on non-mined lands, whereas overall species richness was greater on reclaimed lands. My results demonstrated a lower mean/point bird density and higher mean/point bird diversity than were found 25 years earlier. Different nesting guilds occurred on the reclaimed lands than occurred on the non-mined lands. Results suggested different species were attracted to the several successional stages of reclaimed lands over the nonmined lands, which consisted of climax vegetation. The different successional stages of reclaimed lands increased overall diversity and richness of the landscape as a whole. Five bird species of conservation concern were observed in the study, all of which occurred on reclaimed land. Four of the five species primarily occurred on reclaimed lands. Future land management should include conserving different successional-stage lands to increase overall biotic diversity and richness of mined land, preserving reclaimed habitat for species of concern, and educating future private landowners on the importance of maintaining vegetative and bird species diversity.

The purpose of this study is to compare the bird communities between mature secondary forests and Cryptomeria (Cryptomeria japonica) plantations. Bird census was carried out in Teng-jhih National Forest Recreation Area, Kaohsiung county, Taiwan during both breeding season and non-breeding season from March to November in 2007. To compare bird communities between two types of forests, diversity index, evenness index, species richness and densities of bird were calculated. Densities of birds were estimated by variable circular-plot point count method. All birds were classified into 10 assemblage guilds. ANOVA was used to examine whether forest types, breeding season and monthly changes will effect the composition of bird communities. A total of 36 bird species of 19 families were recorded during the study period. All of these species were found in secondary forests, and only 27 of them were observed in Cryptomeria plantations. The results showed that bird diversity, abundance and total densities were higher in secondary forests than those in Cryptomeria plantations, either during breeding season or non-breeding season. Canopy tree species of families, Lauraceae and Fagaceae of the secondary forests which can provide more foods than Cryptomeria, canopy foliage omnivores and woodpeckers were more in secondary forests than in Cryptomeria plantations. On the other hand, the openess of shrubs and understory vegetation in the Cryptomeria plantations, shrub foliage omnivores were more in Cryptomeria plantations than in secondary forests.

Seit 2006 sind in Sachsen 77 europäische Vogelschutzgebiete ausgewiesen und gesichert. Diese Gebiete umfassen rund 13 % der Landesfläche und werden zu 40 % landwirtschaftlich genutzt. Dies verdeutlicht: Die Landwirtschaft hat eine wichtige Bedeutung für die Erhaltung einer vielfältigen Vogelwelt. Gleichzeitig wird derzeit beklagt, dass bestimmte Vogelarten der Feldflur stark von Rückgängen betroffen sind. Für die zukünftige Landbewirtschaftung gilt es daher nutzungsintegrierte und praxisgerechte Bewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen zu entwickeln und zu erproben, um den Erhalt und die Entwicklung der Vögel zu sichern. Im Lehr- und Versuchsgut (LVG) Köllitsch, das im SPA-Gebiet »Elbaue und Teichgebiete bei Torgau« liegt, wurde dazu ein betriebsspezifisches Konzept erstellt. Nach Analyse der ornithologischen und betrieblichen Ausgangssituation werden zahlreiche Empfehlungen für die betriebliche Umsetzung von Vogelschutzmaßnahmen im LVG gegeben. Das Vorgehen und die Ergebnisse des Projektes können Landwirten, landwirtschaftlichen und naturschutzfachlichen Beratern sowie Behörden, Institutionen und Verbände, als Orientierung im Hinblick auf die Konzipierung und Umsetzung des europäischen Vogelschutzes im landwirtschaftlichen Bereich dienen.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / No leaf vii so pagination is misnumbered. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 142 p. : ill., maps (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / No leaf vii so pagination is misnumbered. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.