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We explore supersymmetric quantum field theories in three and four dimensions via an analysis of their BPS spectrum. In four dimensions, we develop the theory of BPS quivers which provides a simple picture of BPS states in terms of a set of building block atomic particles, and basic quantum mechanical interactions. We develop efficient techniques, rooted in an understanding of quantum-mechanical dualities, for determining the spectrum of bound states, and apply these techniques to calculate the spectrum in a wide class of field theories including ADE gauge theories with matter, and Argyres-Douglas type theories. Next, we explore the geometric content of quivers in the case when the four-dimensional field theory can be constructed from the six-dimensional (2; 0) superconformal field theory compactified on a Riemann surface. We find that the quiver and its superpotential are determined by an ideal triangulation of the associated Riemann surface. The significance of this triangulation is that it encodes the data of geodesics on the surface which in turn are the geometric realization of supersymmetric particles. Finally we describe a class of three-dimensional theories which are realized as supersymmetric domain walls in the previously studied four-dimensional theories. This leads to an understanding of quantum field theories constructed from the six-dimensional (2; 0) superconformal field theory compactified on a three-manifold, and we develop the associated geometric dictionary. We find that the structure of the field theory is determined by a decomposition of the three-manifold into tetrahedra and a braid which species the relationship between ultraviolet and infrared geometries. The phenomenon of BPS wall-crossing in four dimensions is then seen in these domain walls to be responsible for three-dimensional mirror symmetries. / Physics

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The task of the project developed in cooperation with Bosch Diesel Ltd. in Jihlava was to create an optimization tool for the evaluation of production processes with a focus on JIS implementation on its individual parts. Another important goal was to create a standardized manual that makes it possible to optimize poorly rated parts of the production process. The aim of the thesis is to create an optimization tool that can be implemented globally. A model process for the project had been determined to efficiently define and test individual steps of the work. The first part is dedicated to theory, which was largely supported by many trainings as well as training materials from Bosch. In the practical part, there is given and described the created tool, which is subsequently applied to the selected process. The combination of theoretical knowledge with a practical example has led to the elimination of many unknowns. The result is a user-friendly tool that can be used worldwide. Due to the results of the evaluation of the selected process, it was not possible to implement JIS but steps were taken to improve the whole process and thus to save time and money.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-06-07T18:48:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexsandroLucenaMota.pdf: 2757687 bytes, checksum: 04b1d52c9ca203ed571f49aacf10eeac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-07T18:48:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexsandroLucenaMota.pdf: 2757687 bytes, checksum: 04b1d52c9ca203ed571f49aacf10eeac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The first studies on Lorentz-violating BPS vórtices were accomplished within the framework of the Standard Model Extension (SME). Specifically, it was studied the effects of the Lorentz violation in the vortex solutions presented in the Maxwell-Higgs electrodynamics. The formation of vórtices was also analyzed in (1+2)-dimensional models obtained by dimensional reduction of the SME Abelian sector. Among the several effects of the Lorentz violation we can mention: the control of both the amplitude as the width of the vortex, magnetic field reversion, magnetic flux quantization with explicit dependence on the Lorentz-violating coefficients. In this dissertation we study the existence of topological BPS vórtices in a Maxwell-Higgs model in which the covariant derivative is modified by the addition of a CPT-odd term, which breaks the CPT- and Lorentz symmetry due to the presence of a vectorial background. The interaction generating a set of self-dual or first-order equations includes a potential jφj4 and a derivative coupling j@iφj4. Although the self-dual equations are very different of those belonging to the usual MaxwellHiggs model, the new vortex solutions behave just like the Aharonov-Nielsen-Olesen ones, but the mass scale depends explicitly on the Lorentz-violating coefficient. / Os primeiros estudos sobre vórtices BPS no contexto da violação da simetria de Lorentz foram realizadas no marco teórico do modelo padrão estendido (MPE). Especificamente, foram estudados os efeitos da quebra de Lorentz sobre os vórtices existentes na eletrodinâmica de Maxwell-Higgs. Também, foram estudadas a formação de vórtices em modelos (1+2)-dimensionais obtidos via redução dimensional do setor Abeliano do MPE. Entre os diversos efeitos da quebra de Lorentz podemos citar: controle da amplitude e largura do vórtice, inversão do campo magnético, fluxo magnético quantizado com dependência explícita nos coeficientes da quebra de Lorentz, etc. Nesta dissertação estudamos a existência de vórtices topológicos em um modelo de MaxwellHiggs cuja derivada covariante é modificada pela inclusão de um termo CPT-ímpar, o qual quebra a simetria de Lorentz devido a presença de um campo de fundo vetorial. A interação, que gera um sistema de equações auto-duais de primeira ordem, inclui um potencial jφj4 e um acoplamento derivativo j@iφj4. A pesar das equações auto-duais serem bem diferentes daquelas do modelo de Maxwell-Higgs, os vórtices obtidos se comportam como aqueles de Aharonov-Nielsen-Olesen, mas a escala de massa depende explicitamente do coeficiente que controla a quebra de Lorentz.

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-11-07T16:46:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DOUGLAS ALVES FERREIRA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGFísica) 2016.pdf: 1222935 bytes, checksum: 98d8066b80898d8ad6f6e489bca48723 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-07T16:46:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DOUGLAS ALVES FERREIRA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGFísica) 2016.pdf: 1222935 bytes, checksum: 98d8066b80898d8ad6f6e489bca48723 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07 / Capes / Neste trabalho estudamos o comportamento de um campo escalar real, defeitos topológicos e não-topológicos. Para tanto, utilizamos o método proposto por Bogomol’nyi- Prasa de Sommerfield, o qual permite encontrar as soluções das equações de movimento de uma teoria clássica de campos, por meio de equações diferenciais de primeira ordem provenientes da minimização da energia. Estas soluções são chamadas de soluções BPS. Revisamos também a aplicabilidade do método BPS para modelos envolvendo dois campos escalares reais. Além disso, estudamos em detalhes os chamados métodos de deformação e de extensão de modelos. O método de extensão de modelos que até então era aplicado em teorias descritas por dois campos escalares, neste trabalho é ampliado para descrever modelos de três campos escalares com soluções analíticas. Outro ponto fundamental desse trabalho foi construir um novo procedimento, baseado nos métodos de deformação e de extensão, para gerar uma série de novos modelos analíticos. Este procedimento nos permitiu generalizar um sistema de dois campos escalares que envolve termos quebra de simetria de Lorentz. / In this work we study the behavior of a real scalarfield, topological defects and non-topological. Therefore we use the Bogomol’nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield method, which allows us to find the solutions for thee quations of motion of a classical field theory, by using first order differential equations related which the minimal energy of the system. These solutions are called BPS solutions. Here we also review the applicability of the BPS method in a two scalar field theory. More over, we discuss in details the deformation and the extension methods. The extension method which was applied to construct two scalar fields models up to now, is improved to generate new three scalar fields models with analytical solutions. Another key point of this work is the construction a new procedure based on the deformation and the extension methods, in order to generate new analytical models. Such a procedure allowed us to generalize a two scalar fields system involving Lorentz symmetry breaking terms.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T18:19:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Carlisson.pdf: 4828932 bytes, checksum: 305583106a3e64ae56a6815426ff10bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work addresses the effects of spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking on the vortex solutions of the abelian Maxwell-Higgs (AMH) model. Our model is composed by the usual AMH model where the kinetic part of the gauge field is supplemented by a non-birrefringente CPT-even term contained in the electrodynamic sector of the Standard Model extension (SME) of Colladay & Kostelecky. The work is developed in the following way: In the chapter 1, we start by doing a review about topological defects in (1+1)-dimensional scalar field theories. Based on the criterion of energy finiteness, it has been established appropriated boundary conditions for the fields. By following the well-known Bogomol nyi s method and by minimizing the system energy, we have obtained the BPS equations (first order equations) which solves the Euler-Lagrange second order equations. By last, we study the more simples topological defect, named kink, which is obtained from a λϕ4 scalar field theory. The kink solution connects two different minimum energy potencial states or vacuum s states. The second chapter is devoted to the study of stationary BPS v´ortices in field theories where abelian gauge fields are coupled to the Higgs field. The first field theory to be studied is the Maxwell Higgs model in a |ϕ|4-type potencial. Next, we study the BPS vortex solutions in a model with a pure Chern-Simons term coupled to the Higgs field (CSH), subject to a |ϕ|6-type potencial. The third and last model to be analyzed is the Maxwell-Chern-Simons-Higgs model (MCSH). To obtain charged BPS vortex in MCSH model, it is necessary to introduce a dynamical and neutral scalar field N coupled to the Higgs field in a modified |ϕ|4 which depends explicitly of the field N. In the third and four chapters, we present the original contributions of the present monograph. We study the Maxwell-Higgs model in the presence of Lorentz-violating CPT-even terms belonging to the nonbirefringent electrodynamics of the SME. The nonbirefringent SME term is composed by both parity-even and parity-odd sectors. The third chapter we shows that the parity-even LIV coefficients admit only uncharged BPS and non-BPS v´ortices in the usual |ϕ|4-potencial. Our analysis shows that the parity-even LIV parameter controls the radial thickness of the profile of the defect, which can become narrower or wider (approaching to the standard behavior of a compacton-type defect). In chapter 4, we show that the LIV parity-odd parameters allow the existence of BPS-type charged vortices if we include a neutral scalar field Ψ in the original model, the situation is similar to what occurs in the MCSH model . We use a |ϕ|4-potencial which explicitly depends in the field Ψ and its derivative. / Esta dissertação aborda os efeitos da quebra espontânea da covariância de Lorentz na obtenção das soluções estacionárias de vórtices BPS e não-BPS no contexto da eletrodinâmica de Maxwell-Higgs abeliana suplementada pelo setor de gauge CPT-par e não-birrefringente do Modelo Padrão Estendido (MPE) de Colladay & Kostelecky. O trabalho inicia fazendo uma revisão sobre defeitos topológicos em modelos de campos escalares em (1+1)−dimensões. A partir do critério de finitude da energia estacionária, estabelecemos condições de contorno sobre os campos e suas derivadas. Apresentamos, também o bem conhecido método de Bogomol nyi, usado para obter as equações BPS que minimizam a energia do sistema. Por fim, apresentamos o defeito tipo Kink com o potencial tipo ϕ4, que conecta estados assintóticos de mínima energia (vácuos) diferentes. No segundo capítulo, seguindo o procedimento de Bogomol nyi, obtemos as soluções de vórtices BPS estacionárias em modelos abelianos acoplados ao campo de Higgs. Iniciamos com o modelo Maxwell-Higgs submetido a um potencial tipo |ϕ|4, usando o ansatz rotacionalmente simétrico a fim de obter as equações de vórtices BPS, e impondo condições sobre os campos na origem/no infinito. Em seguida, estudamos as soluções de vórtices BPS no modelo Chern-Simons puro acoplado ao campo de Higgs (CSH), sujeito a um potencial do tipo |ϕ|6. Apresentamos uma importante relação de acoplamento entre o setor elétrico e o setor magnético, e obtemos as equações BPS e a energia mínima do modelo, via o método de Bogomol nyi. Ainda neste capítulo, estudamos vórtices BPS no modelo Maxwell-Chern-Simons-Higgs (MCSH). Para isto, argumentamos a necessidade de introduzir no modelo um campo escalar neutro N dinâmico submetidos a um potencial do tipo |ϕ|4 dependente do campo N. As condições sobre N também foram obtidas. No terceiro capítulo, apresentamos a primeira contribuição original deste trabalho. Consideramos o modelo Maxwell-Higgs na presença de termos CPT-pares que violam a covariância de Lorentz, pertencentes ao MPE. Iniciamos usando uma parametrização que retém apenas o setor não-birrefringente do modelo. Escrevemos as equações de movimento e aplicamos a prescrição usual para soluções rotacionalmente simétricas, obtendo soluções de vórtices descarregados BPS e não-BPS para um potencial do tipo |ϕ|4. Nestas, o parâmetro de violação de Lorentz (paridade-par) desempenha papel importante, permitindo controlar a espessura do perfil do defeito, que pode tornar-se mais estreito (aproximando-se do padrão compacton ) ou mais largo. No capítulo 4, mostramos que os parâmetros da quebra de Lorentz de paridade-ímpar possibilitam a obtenção de vórtices carregados sempre que seja inserido no modelo um campo escalar neutro Ψ na lagrangiana, similarmente ao que ocorre no modelo MCSH. Usamos um potencial tipo |ϕ|4 dependente do campo Ψ e de sua derivada.

Partially disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (BPS) membranes have shown great promise as robust, chlorine tolerant alternatives to the current polyamide materials as reverse osmosis desalination membranes for water purification. The random copolymers are synthesized by direct polymerization of a disulfonated monomer (3,3’-disulfonato-4,4’-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (SDCDPS)) and other monomers (4,4’-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) and 4,4’-biphenol (BP)). The sulfonation of the materials adds necessary hydrophilic character and adjusting the percent sulfonation of the material changes the water and salt uptake of the material. Additionally, sulfonation causes the membranes to be charged, making them ion exchangers in which anions are partially excluded from the membrane, thus affecting the partitioning of salt in the membrane. The amount of sodium chloride present in the membrane after equilibration with external soaking solutions of varying concentrations of sodium chloride was measured by measuring the amount of individual ions, i.e., the sodium cation and chloride anion, separately. One area in which this work is unique is that it sought to measure the concentrations of the ions independently of one another. The analysis of sodium and chloride has shown the concentration of sodium in the membrane to be significantly greater than that of chloride, where the uptake of chloride is the limiting factor in the uptake of sodium chloride. The trends in the concentrations as well as in the partition coefficients of the ions are consistent with Donnan Exclusion. / text

Borderline Personlighetstörning är en psykiatrisk diagnos som definieras genom symtom som bristande impulskontroll, relationsproblem och självskadeproblem.Flera av dessa symtom är av den karaktären att de förorsakar beteenden som gör att möjligheten till att ge en god omvårdnad försvåras. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors attityder och upplevelser av att vårda patienter som lider av diagnosen BPS.Resultatet analyserades utifrån Evans (2003) modell. Studien har visat vilka utmaningar sjuksköterskan upplever i mötet med patienter med BPS när det gäller relation och omvårdnad.Sjuksköterskorna beskriver negativa attityder och upplevelser i arbetet med patienter med BPS. . Vidare har det framkommit att sjuksköterskorna har föreställningar om egenskaper av farlighet och manipulation när det gäller patienter med BPS. Ett sätt att hantera de svårigheter som finns i omvårdnadsarbetet med patientgruppen har varit att använda sig av avståndstagande från sjuksköterskornas sida, visar studien. Resultatet pekar även på att sjuksköterskorna anser att patienter med BPS har större ansvar för sitt beteende jämfört med andra patientgrupper.Sjuksköterskorna känner dock professionellt ansvar för patientgruppen och upplever en viss optimism när de gäller denna utmanande patientgrupp.För att kunna ge god omvårdnad till patienter med BPS bör sjuksköterskan ha stöd i sin professionalitet i form av behöver ett sammansvetsat och stödjande team, realistiska och tydliga mål, adekvat utbildning och fortlöpande handledning. / Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning