Thesis (M.Ag.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Science, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 230-281).

No description available.

As hortaliças minimamente processadas surgiram como uma interessante alternativa para o consumidor e segmentos de refeições coletivas, procurando otimizar recursos e resultados. No entanto, atualmente há uma grande preocupação por parte do consumidor com os aspectos nutricionais dos alimentos e de seus efeitos à saúde, resultando em uma busca por alimentos mais saudáveis e frescos, a exemplo das hortaliças minimamente processadas. Dentre as hortaliças folhosas, a couve (Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.), destaca-se pela rusticidade da cultura e valor nutricional, estando tradicionalmente na mesa dos brasileiros. O objetivo deste trabalho foi tipificar produtores e descrever diferentes sistemas de cultivos de couve, de onde se origina a matéria-prima a ser utilizada no processamento mínimo, analisar comparativamente diferentes fluxogramas de processamento mínimo que resultam em produtos disponíveis no mercado e comparar a composição centesimal de folhas de couve e couve minimamente processada. Os sistemas de cultivo foram estabelecidos a partir da experiência de cada produtor e apresentaram diferenças nos itinerários técnicos e no rendimento dos cultivos. Os fluxogramas de processamento mínimo, praticado por cada empresa, foram definidos conforme a estrutura disponível e considerando os mercados consumidores, estando por vezes em desacordo com a literatura específica. Para os grupos de nutrientes convencionados para a composição centesimal, não foram constatadas diferenças significativas entre folhas de couve inteiras e couve minimamente processada. Este estudo apresenta, de forma fidedigna, a composição deste alimento, cultivado sob nossas condições edafoclimáticas. / Fresh-cut vegetable appeared as an interesting alternative for consumer and segments of collective meals seeking for optimization of resources and results. However, there is currently a great concern by some consumers on the nutritionals aspects of foods and its effect to health. That results in a search for more healthful and freshier foods, in which fresh-cut vegetable is an example. Amongst green vegetable, kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.) is distinguished for the rusticity of the culture and for its nutritional value, being traditionally present in Brazilians meals. The objective of this work was to classify and describe different kale cultivation systems, what sources they come from, and analyze comparatively different flowcharts of minimum processing that results in products available in the market and to compare leaf centesimal composition of kale and fresh-cut kale. The crop systems were established from the experience of each producer and crop production presented differences in technical itineraries and yield. The minimum processing flowcharts, applied for each establishment, had been defined according to the structure available and considering the consuming markets, being for times in disagreement with specific literature. For the groups of nutrients stipulated for the centesimal composition, significant differences between kale and fresh-cut kale whole leaves were not found. This study presents, of trustworth form, the composition of this food, cultivated under our environments conditions.

No description available.

As hortaliças minimamente processadas surgiram como uma interessante alternativa para o consumidor e segmentos de refeições coletivas, procurando otimizar recursos e resultados. No entanto, atualmente há uma grande preocupação por parte do consumidor com os aspectos nutricionais dos alimentos e de seus efeitos à saúde, resultando em uma busca por alimentos mais saudáveis e frescos, a exemplo das hortaliças minimamente processadas. Dentre as hortaliças folhosas, a couve (Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.), destaca-se pela rusticidade da cultura e valor nutricional, estando tradicionalmente na mesa dos brasileiros. O objetivo deste trabalho foi tipificar produtores e descrever diferentes sistemas de cultivos de couve, de onde se origina a matéria-prima a ser utilizada no processamento mínimo, analisar comparativamente diferentes fluxogramas de processamento mínimo que resultam em produtos disponíveis no mercado e comparar a composição centesimal de folhas de couve e couve minimamente processada. Os sistemas de cultivo foram estabelecidos a partir da experiência de cada produtor e apresentaram diferenças nos itinerários técnicos e no rendimento dos cultivos. Os fluxogramas de processamento mínimo, praticado por cada empresa, foram definidos conforme a estrutura disponível e considerando os mercados consumidores, estando por vezes em desacordo com a literatura específica. Para os grupos de nutrientes convencionados para a composição centesimal, não foram constatadas diferenças significativas entre folhas de couve inteiras e couve minimamente processada. Este estudo apresenta, de forma fidedigna, a composição deste alimento, cultivado sob nossas condições edafoclimáticas. / Fresh-cut vegetable appeared as an interesting alternative for consumer and segments of collective meals seeking for optimization of resources and results. However, there is currently a great concern by some consumers on the nutritionals aspects of foods and its effect to health. That results in a search for more healthful and freshier foods, in which fresh-cut vegetable is an example. Amongst green vegetable, kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.) is distinguished for the rusticity of the culture and for its nutritional value, being traditionally present in Brazilians meals. The objective of this work was to classify and describe different kale cultivation systems, what sources they come from, and analyze comparatively different flowcharts of minimum processing that results in products available in the market and to compare leaf centesimal composition of kale and fresh-cut kale. The crop systems were established from the experience of each producer and crop production presented differences in technical itineraries and yield. The minimum processing flowcharts, applied for each establishment, had been defined according to the structure available and considering the consuming markets, being for times in disagreement with specific literature. For the groups of nutrients stipulated for the centesimal composition, significant differences between kale and fresh-cut kale whole leaves were not found. This study presents, of trustworth form, the composition of this food, cultivated under our environments conditions.

As hortaliças minimamente processadas surgiram como uma interessante alternativa para o consumidor e segmentos de refeições coletivas, procurando otimizar recursos e resultados. No entanto, atualmente há uma grande preocupação por parte do consumidor com os aspectos nutricionais dos alimentos e de seus efeitos à saúde, resultando em uma busca por alimentos mais saudáveis e frescos, a exemplo das hortaliças minimamente processadas. Dentre as hortaliças folhosas, a couve (Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.), destaca-se pela rusticidade da cultura e valor nutricional, estando tradicionalmente na mesa dos brasileiros. O objetivo deste trabalho foi tipificar produtores e descrever diferentes sistemas de cultivos de couve, de onde se origina a matéria-prima a ser utilizada no processamento mínimo, analisar comparativamente diferentes fluxogramas de processamento mínimo que resultam em produtos disponíveis no mercado e comparar a composição centesimal de folhas de couve e couve minimamente processada. Os sistemas de cultivo foram estabelecidos a partir da experiência de cada produtor e apresentaram diferenças nos itinerários técnicos e no rendimento dos cultivos. Os fluxogramas de processamento mínimo, praticado por cada empresa, foram definidos conforme a estrutura disponível e considerando os mercados consumidores, estando por vezes em desacordo com a literatura específica. Para os grupos de nutrientes convencionados para a composição centesimal, não foram constatadas diferenças significativas entre folhas de couve inteiras e couve minimamente processada. Este estudo apresenta, de forma fidedigna, a composição deste alimento, cultivado sob nossas condições edafoclimáticas. / Fresh-cut vegetable appeared as an interesting alternative for consumer and segments of collective meals seeking for optimization of resources and results. However, there is currently a great concern by some consumers on the nutritionals aspects of foods and its effect to health. That results in a search for more healthful and freshier foods, in which fresh-cut vegetable is an example. Amongst green vegetable, kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.) is distinguished for the rusticity of the culture and for its nutritional value, being traditionally present in Brazilians meals. The objective of this work was to classify and describe different kale cultivation systems, what sources they come from, and analyze comparatively different flowcharts of minimum processing that results in products available in the market and to compare leaf centesimal composition of kale and fresh-cut kale. The crop systems were established from the experience of each producer and crop production presented differences in technical itineraries and yield. The minimum processing flowcharts, applied for each establishment, had been defined according to the structure available and considering the consuming markets, being for times in disagreement with specific literature. For the groups of nutrients stipulated for the centesimal composition, significant differences between kale and fresh-cut kale whole leaves were not found. This study presents, of trustworth form, the composition of this food, cultivated under our environments conditions.

Graduation date: 1997

The major objective of this study was to produce synthetic genotypes of Brassica juncea from its parental species <i> B. rapa </i> and <i> B. nigra </i> via somatic and sexual hybridization. As prerequisites for somatic hybridization experiments, methods were developed to improve the culture of mesophyll and hypocotyl protoplasts of <i> B. nigra </i> and <i> B. rapa </i>, to obtain reliable plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplast cultures of <i> B. nigra </i>, and to fuse protoplasts of <i> B. nigra </i> and <i> B. rapa </i>. A modified Kao's medium (1977), was found suitable for the culture of mesophyll protoplasts of <i> B. nigra </i> and <i> B. rapa </i>. At a density of approximately $110\sp5$ protoplasts/ml within a culture plate insert surrounded by culture medium, mesophyll protoplast cultures of <i> B. nigra </i> accessions R890, R1819, R3392 and U1218 and <i> B. rapa </i> cvs. R500 and Wong Bok formed colonies. Genotypic differences in cell division and colony formation were observed. Hypocotyl protoplasts of <i> B. nigra </i> and <i> B. rapa </i> were successfully isolated from 6 day-old seedlings cultured in a modified Kao's medium (1977). With <i> B. nigra </i> accession R890 and <i> B. rapa </i> cv. R500, cell division and colony formation were optimal when hypocotyl protoplasts were cultured at a density of 0.5 to $1.010\sp5$ protoplasts/ml within a culture plate insert surrounded by a nurse culture of 4 to 6 day-old mesophyll protoplasts of <i> B. nigra </i>. Plant regeneration was obtained from mesophyll protoplast-derived calli of <i> B. nigra </i> accession R890 originally cultured in inserts; a shoot regeneration frequency of 8.1% was obtained on a medium containing the salts and vitamins of medium K3 (Nagy and Maliga 1976) with 3 g/l sucrose, 18.2 g/l mannitol, 2 mg/l ZR, 0.1 mg/l NAA, 10 g/l agarose, pH 5.6. For somatic hybridizatian studies, methods were developed to select out parental protoplasts using iodoacetic acid and to efficiently fuse protoplasts on the bottom of a petri dish using PEG. Twenty-nine plants were recovered from fusion experiments between mesophyll protoplasts of <i> B. nigra </i> accession R890 and hypocotyl protoplasts of <i> B. rapa </i> cv. Tobin. The somatic hybrid plants resembled natural <i> B. juncea </i>, had $2n=36$ chromosomes and had pollen viabilities ranging from 30 to 45%. Twenty-one plants, derived from one callus colony, possessed the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of <i> B. rapa </i>, as found in natural <i> B. juncea </i>. Eight plants, derived from another callus, had a novel cytoplasmic combination consisting of the mitochondrial genome of <i> B. rapa </i> and the chloroplast genome of <i> B. nigra </i>. Synthetic genotypes of <i> B. juncea </i> were also produced from reciprocal sexual crosses between <i> B. rapa </i> and <i> B. nigra </i>. Seventy-eight interspecific hybrid plants from the cross <i> B. rapa </i> x <i> B. nigra </i> and six hybrid plants from the reciprocal cross were identified by their morphology, pollen viability and chromosome number. The colchicine-induced allotetraploids resembled natural <i> B. juncea </i> in morphology, had 18 bivalents at metaphase I, and had between 35 and 70% pollen viability.

The individual and combined effects of the endogeic and epigeic groups of earthworms on the growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa), and on the subsequent growth and development of the generalist sap-sucking herbivore Myzus persicae were determined in separate pot experiments. Many previous studies have investigated the relationship between soil biodiversity and aboveground plants, but few researches have considered the indirect interaction between soil biota and above-ground aphids. In this study the individual effects of Aporrectodea rosea and Allolobophora chlorotica and the combined effects of A. rosea and A. chlorotica, Aporrectodea caliginosa and Satchellius mammalis, A. chlorotica and S. mammalis, and A. rosea, A. caliginosa, Lumbricus rubellus and S. mammalis on plant morphology and physiology and aphid development (nymphs day-1, fecundity and number of adults) were investigated. Plant growth was affected by the presence of A. rosea which caused increases in plant biomass, height of plant, leaf surface area and specific leaf area (SLA). Mean number of leaves per plant was unaffected by worm density. In contrast, increasing density of A. chlorotica had no effect on any aspect of plant performance. The combined effect of A. rosea and A. chlorotica resulted in a similar increase in plant biomass to A. rosea alone. While the combined effects of A. caliginosa and Satchellius mammalis, A. chlorotica and S. mammalis and A. rosea, A. caliginosa, L. rubellus and S. mammalis caused increases in all plant parameters except leaf number. Additionally, the individual effect of A. rosea and the combined effects of A. caliginosa and S. mammalis, A. chlorotica &amp; S. mammalis and A. rosea and A. caliginosa, L. rubellus and S. mammalis resulted in increased in leaf nitrogen concentration. Aphid development was also affected by the presence of earthworms. The nymphs day-1, fecundity and numbers of adults were significantly increased with increases in earthworm densities. The interaction between all groups of earthworms and their influence on aphid growth showed that the combined effect of two different groups was greater than the individual groups. Proteomic techniques were used to compare protein patterns in the plants. The combined effects of A. caliginosa and S. mammalis, A. chlorotica and S. mammalis, A. rosea, A. caliginosa, L. rubellus and S. mammalis earthworms on plant resulted in differences in number and kind of protein between plant treated with earthworms and the control, but no significant difference in proteins volume. Effects of earthworms on plant growth and aphid development are shown to be modified by increasing density and interactions between different species and functional groups of earthworms.

No description available.