The federal government established nutrition assistance programs such as the School Breakfast Program and school districts have implemented Breakfast in the Classroom (BIC) to improve participation rates, yet millions of low-income children do not partake in these programs. Thus, many school districts are failing to meet the nutritional needs of the low-income population, which can have negative effects on a child's healthy development. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to observe and explore teachers' perspectives regarding school breakfast implementation in a small school district in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Research questions examined experiences with implementation, benefits and challenges to the program, and how children's needs are impacted based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the theoretical framework for this study. Data from the research participants' interviews, journals, and classroom observations were coded, themes were identified, and triangulation occurred to answer the research questions. Findings indicated changes need to be made with food portions, food options, food quality, the logistics of implementation, and outreach efforts. Recommendations included changing equipment, providing equal amounts of food, evaluating food options and quality, providing clean up supplies, and educating parents on BIC. Stakeholders addressing these challenges can increase support and participation rates in the program, leading to positive social change. Implications for positive social change include reduced state costs associated with hunger, decreased food insecurity for low-income families, improved behaviors in the classroom, and improved support of the physiological, safety, and socialization needs of children.

Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2005. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Feb. 1, 2006). Thesis advisor: Betsy Haughton. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka huruvida fysisk aktivitet kan påverka en individs frukostval. Vidare undersöktes på vilket sätt frukostvalet i så fall hade påverkats samt om denna förändring var beroende av ålder och kön. Studien var av empirisk, deskriptiv design. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med totalt 98 deltagare, 50 kvinnor och 48 män (16-75 år). Enligt resultatet var den kombinerade träningsformen (konditionsträning och styrketräning) den dominerande bland båda könen. Renodlad styrketräning var vanligare bland männen då ingen av kvinnorna uppgav denna som utpräglad träningsform. Kvinnorna utövade istället konditionsträning i större utsträckning än männen. Resultatet visade även att det skilde sig ytterst lite mellan de deltagare som menade att frukostvalet hade påverkats av träning och de som inte upplevt någon förändring. Bland kvinnorna svarade ett fåtal fler att frukosten hade påverkats medan männens svar var jämnt fördelade mellan påverkad och icke påverkad. Åldersmässigt visade resultatet en tydlig skillnad där majoriteten av dem som svarat att frukostvalet förändrats, återfanns i de två yngsta åldersgrupperna, hos båda könen. I den äldsta åldersgruppen var det ingen deltagare som angav att träningen påverkat frukostvalet. Vanliga orsaker till förändring av frukostvalet visade sig vara ökad hunger, en vilja att tillföra kroppen energi för att orka prestera på träningen, att kunna få bästa möjliga resultat av träningen samt för att skapa en hälsosam livsstil. / The purpose of this study was to investigate if regular physical activity can affect a person’s nutritional habits, which in this study focused on breakfast. The study also examined in what way the breakfast habits had been changed and if the change was dependent on sex and age. The study was of empirical, descriptive design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 98 participants, 50 women and 48 men (16-75 years old). According to the results, the combined fitness regime (cardio-vascular exercise and resistance training) was dominant among both sexes. Pure resistance training was more common among men while women practiced cardio-vascular exercise more frequently. Further, the result showed very little difference between the participants who said that breakfast habits had changed due to exercise and those who did not experience any change at all. A few more women answered that breakfast habits had been affected compared to the men where the answers were equally divided between being affected and not. The majority of those who reported altered breakfast habits were found in the two youngest groups, among both sexes. In the oldest group no one reported that exercise had affected their breakfast habits. Common causes for change of breakfast habits proved to be increased appetite, to provide the body with enough energy to perform, to get the best result from training and to create a healthy lifestyle.

Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

The purpose of the study was to determine (a) types of marketing strategies, (b) perceived success of marketing strategies, (c) importance of marketing strategies, (d) amenities offered to consumers, and (e) negatives (problems) in marketing strategies by bed and breakfast owners/operators. A questionnaire to assess areas of concern covered in the research questions was developed. The questionnaire contained closed- and open-ended questions, with nominal, interval, and ratio levels of measurement. The sampling frame included the 1,140 bed and breakfast owners/operators listed in the Texas Hotel Occupancy Tax Accounts Report, first quarter, 1998, as interpreted for this study. A sample of 775 of this population was randomly chosen, using a random numbers table. A response rate of 36% was obtained.

Over the years, participation in the School Breakfast Program (SBP) has increased, on both state and national levels. The Community Eligibility Provision (CEP) offers free breakfast to all students regardless of income. The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of principals and school food service workers regarding the benefits, barriers, attitudes and beliefs about the implementation of the CEP. A survey was sent to principals and school food service workers. The majority of the participants were satisfied overall with the CEP and the nutritional quality of foods served for breakfast. The majority of the participants did not see any major barriers to CEP implementation; however, they acknowledged several benefits. Future research should combine qualitative and quantitative methods to explore these perceptions and gather information on why participants feel the way they do in regards to CEP implementation.

Breakfast intake is associated with numerous positive physical and mental health outcomes, yet breakfast skipping remains common in adults. Chronotype and sleep show potential as predictors of breakfast intake; however the existing literature has methodological limitations and fails to examine how psychological mechanisms might explain the relation between sleep and breakfast. The current investigation explored the association of means and variability of sleep behaviors (bedtime, midsleep, sleep duration) as predictors of breakfast intake frequency and high-protein breakfast intake frequency. Additionally, the role of positive and negative affect as mediators in the sleep—breakfast association was examined. Hierarchical regressions and PROCESS parallel mediation models were conducted to assess direct and indirect associations. Variability in bedtime was a significant predictor of breakfast intake frequency, with greater variability associated with less frequent intake. Future work is necessary to examine further the association of sleep and breakfast behaviors, and psychological mechanisms in this relation.

Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Background: Dietary patterns that include recommended servings of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dietary fiber, and dairy, combined with regular physical activity and frequent breakfast consumption are optimal choices for weight loss or weight maintenance over time. College students are at an increased risk for weight gain due to environmental and behavioral changes that are associated with decreased dietary quality and physical inactivity. Preventing weight gain in college students may have a profound impact on prevalence of overweight or obesity later in life. Objective: To examine associations between weight change and dietary patterns in college students. Design: A longitudinal observational study. Dietary intake and physical activity were self-reported on seven-day food records and compared to dietary guidelines for compliance with recommendations. Subjects/Setting: Data from 80 students enrolled in a fall semester introductory nutrition course at a large state university were analyzed in the fall and spring semester . Main outcome measures: Daily servings of total fruit (fruit and juice), total vegetables (fried and non-fried), dairy (regular and low-fat), whole grains, and dietary fiber, breakfast consumption, body weight changes and physical activity. Statistical Analysis Performed: Associations between diet quality and weight change were analyzed using Chi-square analysis. Weight change was analyzed by diet quality and breakfast consumption using t-test and by metabolic equivalents (METHRS/day) using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p<0.05). Significant associations were analyzed by Pearson's correlation (two-sided, p<0.05). Results: Weight and body mass index (BMI kg/m2) were significantly higher compared to baseline. The majority of students did not meet recommendations for daily servings of fruit, vegetable, dairy, whole grains, and dietary fiber. Higher diet quality was significantly associated with more frequent breakfast consumption and students who maintained or lost weight reported significantly higher intakes of total fruit, low-fat dairy and whole grains. Conclusion: Failure to meet dietary guidelines resulting in lower diet quality was distinctive of this population and was associated with significant changes in body weight over one academic year. Applications: Educational interventions aimed at improving diet quality may inhibit weight gain commonly seen in college students. / Master of Science