Magister Legum - LLM / Alternative dispute resolution refers to forms of dispute resolution, other than traditional and formal court based litigation. A notable benefit of alternative dispute resolution is that different processes are available for resolving a particular dispute in the most effective and efficient manner possible. Alternative dispute resolution includes but is not limited to arbitration, mediation, negotiation, conciliation and facilitation. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, lists human dignity, equality and the advancement of human rights and freedoms as the founding values of the Republic of South Africa. In terms of section 9(1) of the Constitution everyone is regarded as equal before the law and has the right to equal protection and benefit of the law in South Africa. Often it is however argued that traditional court based litigation hinders the full enjoyment of these rights by individuals. Consequently, alternative dispute resolution is attractive as an alternative to court based litigation as it is regarded as less expensive, more time effective and results in less conflict when it comes to resolving disputes in the most accessible, effective and efficient manner possible, in both developed and developing countries. The study will first focus on the pitfalls to traditional court based litigation in South Africa. The relevant legislation and processes which provide for alternative dispute resolution processes in South Africa, with specific focus on alternative dispute resolution in labour disputes, will be considered. Consideration will be given to the provision of alternative dispute resolution as contained in the Constitution, the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995, the Rules for the Conduct of Proceedings before the CCMA of 2003 and the Arbitration Act 42 of 1965. The study will thereafter proceed to consider the use of alternative dispute resolution in labour disputes in Brazil, Russia, India and China, who, together with South Africa, are collectively referred to as BRICS. These five nations are considered the world’s leading emerging economies, with similar economic capabilities and demographics.

Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Integração Contemporânea da América Latina da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre em Integração Latino-Americana. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jayme Benvenuto Lima Júnior e Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Marcos Ferreira da Costa Lima (UFPE/UNILA) / Submitted by Ronaldo Silva (ronaldosilvars@hotmail.com) on 2018-02-06T17:23:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertao_Ronaldo_Silva_FINAL_24-01-2018_FINAL.pdf: 931090 bytes, checksum: 745ce3c6033aeb2488dd4acd959678c6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nilson Junior (nilson.junior@unila.edu.br) on 2018-02-06T17:26:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertao_Ronaldo_Silva_FINAL_24-01-2018_FINAL.pdf: 931090 bytes, checksum: 745ce3c6033aeb2488dd4acd959678c6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-06T17:26:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertao_Ronaldo_Silva_FINAL_24-01-2018_FINAL.pdf: 931090 bytes, checksum: 745ce3c6033aeb2488dd4acd959678c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-23 / Concerning greater research interests regarding the BRICS states per se in their interactions in the development and promotion of their cooperation policies towards national intrabloc interests, the present dissertation aims to analyze Sino-Brazilian bilateral international cooperation conferences on Science, Technology and Innovation in the Aereospace area and its intersections with the policies, principles and guidelines of the BRICS international policy. We propose to rethink the intersections between cooperation practices and intra-bloc relations through a qualitative-textual analysis from the political guidelines present in the official speeches of the bloc. On a such broad thematic, a case study approach on International Cooperation is used precisely in the Aerospace Area, whose diplomatic relations were established in 1988 through the CBERS Program ("Earth Resources Satellite -China") aimed at building and launching satellites - a pioneering project among developing countries in the field of high technology. Since then, five satellites have been launched in 1999, 2003, 2007, 2013 and 2014 respectively, with the launch of new satellites through the 2013-2022 Ten- Year Plan for Spatial Cooperation signed in 2013, which provides for the continuity of the CBERS Program and its extension of aerospace cooperation to other sectors, such as meteorological satellites, launch services and staff training / Desenvolvendo-se em torno de interesses maiores de pesquisas referentes aos Estados que compõem os BRICS per se em suas interações com vistas ao desenvolvimento e promoção de suas políticas de cooperação para com os interesses nacionais intra-bloco, a presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a cooperação internacional bilateral Sino-Brasileira na área Espacial e as suas interseções com as políticas, princípios e diretrizes da política internacional dos BRICS. Propõe-se a repensar as intersecções entre as práticas de cooperação e as relações intra-bloco por meio de uma análise qualitativa-textual a partir das diretrizes políticas presentes nos discursos oficiais do bloco. Diante de uma temática ampla, recorre-se a uma abordagem de estudo de caso sobre a Cooperação Internacional precisamente na Área Espacial, cujas relações diplomáticas foram estabelecidas em 1988 por meio do Programa CBERS (sigla em inglês para "Satélite de Recursos Terrestres Brasil-China") voltado à construção e ao lançamento de satélites – projeto pioneiro entre países em desenvolvimento no campo da alta tecnologia. Desde então foram lançados cinco satélites, respectivamente nos anos 1999, 2003, 2007, 2013 e 2014, prevendo-se o lançamento de novos satélites através do Plano Decenal de Cooperação Espacial 2013-2022, assinado no ano de 2013, que prevê a continuidade do Programa CBERS e a sua ampla a cooperação espacial a outros setores, como satélites meteorológicos, serviços de lançamento e formação de pessoal.

This Thesis studies a new and evolving area of international tax law, namely, the international tax law of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, the 'BRICS', and concludes that the thrust of their divergences from the developed world's international tax law evolves from the necessity to counter the significant illicit outflow of funds while not disturbing inbound FDI or, in recent times, their outbound FDI while ensuring profits are taxed where created. The design of the divergences reflects more on the initial limited manpower capacity of their emerging tax authorities to deal with the complex international tax law issues and politically encouraged policy cooperation amongst the BRICS than it does of actual tax authority cooperation although not wishing to underestimate the importance of that cooperation. Relevant to my conclusions are the published positions of international governance organisations and financing institutions, BRICS tax administrations, scholars and precedent, and I have used that information, both for and against, to arrive at the most rational conclusions. While economic theories may be relevant, they are not relevant to this study. My research questions include what is the basis of the BRICS approach to core international tax law, in what way has their approach to defining evasion and avoidance been driven by the magnitude of profits shifted offshore and particularly to tax havens and whether their divergences from the developed world's approach to countering thin capitalisation, transfer pricing and controlled foreign companies have been fashioned by the necessity for countering the elevated level of abuse. My conclusions also reflect my research on whether the divergences have been designed to counter treaty abuse affiliated with the transactions implemented by MNEs intending to shift the profits offshore or the accumulation of passive income in tax havens and, on whether were the BRICS to localise the BEPS recommendations, would their capacity to counter this abuse be improved. My research also considers whether resolving the disputation arising from the increasing level of tax authority cross border audits and investigations can be facilitated through the adoption of alternative dispute resolution procedures. I also study whether the BRICS' response to the world's growing information exchanging architecture reflects their elevated necessity for gathering information to be used to stem illicit flows, countering international evasion and avoidance and ensuring profits are taxed where created. I conclude the study with recommendations for the BRICS Heads of Revenue to include in a Communique for updating their tax law and procedures which counter the abuse and assist in dispute resolution.

BARROS, Fabiano Luiz Alves. Análise dos determinantes das exportações agrícolas brasileiras para os rics entre os anos de 1982 a 2012. 2015. 99 f.: Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Economia Rural, Fortaleza-CE, 2015 / Submitted by Francisco Helder Macêdo Rangel (fhelder@ufc.br) on 2016-03-03T18:20:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_flabarros.pdf: 1972401 bytes, checksum: ed4a83179b79c04c8083665333e77cca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Margareth Mesquita(margaret@ufc.br) on 2016-03-04T19:58:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_flabarros.pdf: 1972401 bytes, checksum: ed4a83179b79c04c8083665333e77cca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-04T19:58:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_flabarros.pdf: 1972401 bytes, checksum: ed4a83179b79c04c8083665333e77cca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / The intensification of trade between the BRICS may be due both to international agreements such as macroeconomic policy factors such as the real effective exchange rate, the terms of trade, foreign direct investment and per capita income. The Brazil concentrates much of its production for export in sectors with lower technological intensity, favoring the production of commodities. Thus, this study is to investigate the fundamental macroeconomic determinants of exporting agricultural sector in Brazil for selected economies: Russia, India , China and South Africa (RICS), through commonly known variables as decisive for total exports, which are: real effective exchange rate, the terms of trade, income per capita and foreign direct investment. To assess these determinants, we used the theory of international trade, with the use of time series, through self regressive vectors methodology (VAR). The analysis showed that both the terms of trade as per capita income were significant for China and South Africa. Russia showed that the real effective exchange rate in Brazil is significant for India the real exchange rate and the terms of trade were equally significant. / A intensificação das trocas comerciais entre os BRICS pode ser devida tanto a acordos internacionais como a fatores de ordem macroeconômica como a taxa de câmbio real efetiva, os termos de troca, o investimento externo direto e a renda per capita. O Brasil concentra grande parte de sua produção para exportação em setores com menor intensidade tecnológica, favorecendo assim a produção de commodities. Diante disso, este estudo tem como objetivo fundamental investigar os determinantes macroeconômicos do setor agrícola exportador do Brasil para economias selecionadas: Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul (RICS), por meio de variáveis comumente conhecidas como decisivas para as exportações totais, as quais são: taxa de câmbio real efetiva, os termos de troca, a renda per capita e o investimento externo direto. Para avaliar estes determinantes, utilizou-se a teoria do comércio internacional, com o uso de séries temporais, por meio da metodologia de vetores auto regressivos (VAR). A análise demonstrou que tanto os termos de troca quanto a renda per capita foram significativas para China e África do Sul. A Rússia mostrou que a taxa de câmbio real efetiva do Brasil é significante, para Índia a taxa de câmbio real e os termos de troca foram igualmente significativos.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-26T13:21:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-09-09Bitstream added on 2015-01-26T13:30:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000802240.pdf: 2755710 bytes, checksum: 2ac8c10da47aa1035ea2f8c6b3172a1a (MD5) / O mundo contemporâneo dispõe de uma construção geopolítica em que os países de economia emergente têm se destacado na conjunção do poder global. Nesta configuração, um grupo de países se organizou e tem fortalecido sua representação no cenário internacional. Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul são as nações que compartilham das expectativas de um poder global caracterizado pela multipolaridade. Os governos dos quatro primeiros países mencionados articularam a formalização de um bloco geopolítico com relevância estratégica para atuação frente ao cenário internacional. Assim, o bloco BRICS foi constituído como organismo político que visa promover ações consorciadas que abrangem o desenvolvimento econômico, social e estratégico. Em 2001, o acrônimo foi cunhado pelo economista inglês Jim O’Neill como resultado de um estudo que apontou os quatro países mais promissores entre as economias emergentes. Em 2006, deu-se início a um processo de integração política entre os quatro países. O sucesso das periódicas cúpulas governamentais que se seguiram ocasionou à formalização do bloco BRICs no ano de 2009. E, em 2010, ocorreu a iniciativa de expansão do grupo com a adesão da África do Sul como membro efetivo. Desde então, o bloco passou a ser denominado oficialmente como BRICS. É com interesse em tal construção geopolítica que este estudo se baseia na cientomentria para analisar os indicadores econômicos e sociais e suas correlações com os indicadores de produção científica. Desta forma, a pesquisa objetiva levantar e analisar os dados relativos às publicações científicas indexadas na base Scopus dos quatro países que integram o genuíno grupo BRICS, ou seja, Brasil, Rússia, Índia e China. Também, compõe o escopo do estudo a apresentação dos conceitos e aplicações dos indicadores, assim como a identificação das características relevantes do cenário geopolítico e do... / The contemporary world has a geopolitical construction in which the emerging market countries have been highlighted in the conjunction of global power. In this configuration, a group of countries was organized and has strengthened its representation in the international scene. Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa are the countries that share the expectations of a global power characterized by multipolarity. The governments of the four first mentioned countries articulated the formalization of a geopolitical bloc with strategic relevance for action against the international scene. Thus, the BRICS bloc was formed as a political organization that seeks to promote consorted actions covering economic, social and strategic development. In 2001, the acronym was coined by the english economist Jim O'Neill English as a result of a study that showed the four most promising countries among emerging economies. In 2006 it was begun a process of political integration among the four countries. The success of periodic governmental summits that followed led to the formalization of the BRIC bloc in 2009. And in 2010, the group expanded with the accession of South Africa as a full member. Since then, the block became officially termed as BRICS. It is with interest in such a geopolitical construction that this study is based on scientometry to analyze the economic and social indicators and their correlations with indicators of scientific production. Thus, the research aims to survey and analyze the data on scientific publications indexed in Scopus basis of the four countries that make up the genuine BRICS group, Brazil, Russia, India and China. Also, the scope of the study comprises the presentation of the concepts and applications of indicators as well as the identification of relevant features of the geopolitical scenario and scientific context in which the BRICS are inserted. The method used was the comparative study between indicators raised...

Orientador: Ely Francina Tannuri de Oliveira / Banca: Maria Cláudia Cabrini Gracio / Banca: Adilson Luiz Pinto / Resumo: O mundo contemporâneo dispõe de uma construção geopolítica em que os países de economia emergente têm se destacado na conjunção do poder global. Nesta configuração, um grupo de países se organizou e tem fortalecido sua representação no cenário internacional. Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul são as nações que compartilham das expectativas de um poder global caracterizado pela multipolaridade. Os governos dos quatro primeiros países mencionados articularam a formalização de um bloco geopolítico com relevância estratégica para atuação frente ao cenário internacional. Assim, o bloco BRICS foi constituído como organismo político que visa promover ações consorciadas que abrangem o desenvolvimento econômico, social e estratégico. Em 2001, o acrônimo foi cunhado pelo economista inglês Jim O'Neill como resultado de um estudo que apontou os quatro países mais promissores entre as economias emergentes. Em 2006, deu-se início a um processo de integração política entre os quatro países. O sucesso das periódicas cúpulas governamentais que se seguiram ocasionou à formalização do bloco BRICs no ano de 2009. E, em 2010, ocorreu a iniciativa de expansão do grupo com a adesão da África do Sul como membro efetivo. Desde então, o bloco passou a ser denominado oficialmente como BRICS. É com interesse em tal construção geopolítica que este estudo se baseia na cientomentria para analisar os indicadores econômicos e sociais e suas correlações com os indicadores de produção científica. Desta forma, a pesquisa objetiva levantar e analisar os dados relativos às publicações científicas indexadas na base Scopus dos quatro países que integram o genuíno grupo BRICS, ou seja, Brasil, Rússia, Índia e China. Também, compõe o escopo do estudo a apresentação dos conceitos e aplicações dos indicadores, assim como a identificação das características relevantes do cenário geopolítico e do... / Abstract: The contemporary world has a geopolitical construction in which the emerging market countries have been highlighted in the conjunction of global power. In this configuration, a group of countries was organized and has strengthened its representation in the international scene. Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa are the countries that share the expectations of a global power characterized by multipolarity. The governments of the four first mentioned countries articulated the formalization of a geopolitical bloc with strategic relevance for action against the international scene. Thus, the BRICS bloc was formed as a political organization that seeks to promote consorted actions covering economic, social and strategic development. In 2001, the acronym was coined by the english economist Jim O'Neill English as a result of a study that showed the four most promising countries among emerging economies. In 2006 it was begun a process of political integration among the four countries. The success of periodic governmental summits that followed led to the formalization of the BRIC bloc in 2009. And in 2010, the group expanded with the accession of South Africa as a full member. Since then, the block became officially termed as BRICS. It is with interest in such a geopolitical construction that this study is based on scientometry to analyze the economic and social indicators and their correlations with indicators of scientific production. Thus, the research aims to survey and analyze the data on scientific publications indexed in Scopus basis of the four countries that make up the genuine BRICS group, Brazil, Russia, India and China. Also, the scope of the study comprises the presentation of the concepts and applications of indicators as well as the identification of relevant features of the geopolitical scenario and scientific context in which the BRICS are inserted. The method used was the comparative study between indicators raised... / Mestre

Master thesis "BRICS Organization: Comparison of the Countries' Economies and Geopolitical Influence. Potential Development" describes the cooperation of Brazil, Russia, India, Russia and South Africa within BRICS international group. The countries show remarkable economic growth rates over the past years. This group of countries is believed to undergo the process of structural transformations and reach the level of world leading economies in a short time. This Master thesis evaluates BRICS countries from the perspective of political cooperation within the framework of the organization, assesses current economic and social performance of the member countries. The aim of this research is to indicate the main reasons for BRICS countries to unify into this international organization and to suggest the potential development of BRICS group. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The aim of diploma thesis is to determinate factors which have significant in-fluence on trade openness in the BRICS countries. It is based on quarterly figures for the years 2010 and 2018. For the analysis, econometric statistical methods are applied to basic data together with analysis of commodity and territorial structure of BRICS´s exports. The conclusion summaries results of multivariable regression model which are also used for assessment investment opportunities of Czech companies in these countries.

yes / In recent years financial inclusion has become an important policy goal in the developing countries. The definition of financial inclusion is however, not clear and varies from ‘banking the unbanked’ to ‘branchless banking’. It is also increasingly viewed as a tool of poverty alleviation. Further, it enables the poor to be risk averse and allows investment in their health and education (Arora 2012). Financial inclusion has become all the more important as studies have shown that poor, despite their low incomes and small amount of funds available, actively manage and diversify their portfolios into different financial products even though outside the formal financial system (Collins et al. 2009).

O crescimento econômico das nações tem sido considerado o principal responsável pelos impactos socioambientais negativos. Devido a essa constatação, alguns estudos têm sido direcionados para mostrar que o atual modelo de desenvolvimento é incompatível com a sustentabilidade do meio ambiente e com a qualidade de vida da sociedade. Em resposta a isso, pesquisadores vêm tratando, cada vez mais, de assuntos relacionados ao bem-estar social e ao meio ambiente. Dessa maneira, é possível observar que o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), antes considerado o principal indicador de desempenho das nações, é insuficiente para informar sobre o uso de recursos naturais e sobre a qualidade de vida da população. Consequentemente impõe-se a necessidade de que a avaliação do desempenho das nações incorpore indicadores de sustentabilidade, de modo que, além do crescimento econômico dos países, se avalie, também, o seu desenvolvimento. Para o presente trabalho foi assumido o conceito multidimensional do desenvolvimento sustentável, que leva em conta, além da dimensão econômica, as dimensões ambiental e social para a avaliação de determinado sistema. Considerando que a inovação tecnológica é fundamental para o crescimento econômico, e, levando em conta as diferenças conceituais entre crescimento econômico, desenvolvimento e desenvolvimento sustentável, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral comparar a eficiência dos países do grupo BRICS em converter recursos produtivos e inovação tecnológica em desenvolvimento sustentável. O objeto de estudo foi o grupo BRICS, sigla formada pelas letras iniciais dos países que o compõem, Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul. Para o alcance do objetivo proposto foram utilizados dados do período entre 2000 a 2007, referentes às variáveis PIB, emissão de dióxido de carbono (\'CO IND.2\'), expectativa de vida, formação bruta de capital fixo, população ocupada e gasto com Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D). Por meio da análise econométrica, foi possível observar que os investimentos dos BRICS em inovação tecnológica, implicaram em mudanças positivas no desenvolvimento econômico e social; já no que se refere ao desenvolvimento ambiental, os investimentos em inovação tecnológica desses países se mostraram diretamente associados ao aumento da emissão de \'CO IND.2\'. Por fim, com a Análise por Envoltória de Dados (DEA) foi possível criar rankings de eficiência econômica, ambiental e social para os países do BRICS. Isso permitiu elaborar análises comparativas sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável desse grupo de países que trouxeram alguns resultados passíveis de, no mínimo, despertar curiosidade para explorações científicas mais específicas. / The economic growth of nations has been considered the main responsible for the negative social and environmental impacts. Due to this fact, some studies have been directed to show that the current development model is incompatible with environmental sustainability and quality of life of society. In this way, social welfare and the environment have been treated increasingly in researches. Thus, one can observe that the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), previously considered the main indicator of performance of nations, is insufficient to report on the use of natural resources and the quality of life. Therefore, for evaluating the performance of nations, sustainability indicators are needed, so that besides the economic growth of countries, one can assess also their development. For the present work the multidimensional concept of sustainable development was applied. This concept takes into account, the economic dimension, and also the environmental and social assessment for the studied system. Considering that technological innovation is fundamental to economic growth, and taking into account the conceptual differences between economic growth, development and sustainable development, this study aimed to compare the efficiency of the BRICS group countries in converting productive resources and technological innovation in developing sustainable. The study object was the BRICS group, an acronym formed by the initial letters of the countries that comprise Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. To fulfill the proposed objective, data were used from 2000 to 2007, relating to variables, GDP, \'CO IND.2\' emissions, life expectancy, gross fixed capital formation, employed population and total spending on research and development (R & D). Through econometric analysis, we observed that the BRICS investment in technological innovation, resulted in positive changes in economic and social development. In regard to environmental, technological innovation investments in these countries were associated with an increased \'CO IND.2\' emissions. Finally, with the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) were created rankings of economic efficiency, environmental efficiency and social efficiency for the BRICS countries. This comparative analysis allowed us to evaluate on the sustainable development of this group of countries, and have brought some results that, at least, arouse curiosity for more scientific explorations.