Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:51:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_lp_me_arafcl.pdf: 977920 bytes, checksum: 76724e732467497eaa10250cd267080f (MD5) / Este trabalho procura analisar o ciclo recente de expansão da indústria automobilística brasileira (2003 - 2010), discutindo os fatores e as características básicas neste processo. O trabalho inicialmente aborda a dinâmica e o direcionamento do IDE da indústria automobilística internacional, tendo como pano de fundo a globalização deste setor industrial. São analisados os determinantes da retomada de investimentos da indústria automobilística brasileira. É feito também um exercício econométrico que tem por objetivo apresentar os principais fatores que explicam a evolução recente da demanda por veículos leves no Brasil. Por fim, o texto também faz uma comparação entre os setores industriais automobilísticas dos países dos BRICs / This paper analyzes the recent cycle of expansion of the automobile industry (2003 - 2010), discussing the basic characteristics and determinants in this process. The paper initially discusses the dynamics and direction of FDI from the international automotive industry, with the backdrop of the globalization of this industry. We analyze the determinants of investment return of the Brazilian automotive industry. It also made an econometric exercise that aims to present the main factors that explain the recent evolution of demand for light vehicles in Brazil. Finally, the text also makes a comparison between the auto industries of the countries of BRIC

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-02T22:11:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlissonSilvaDeCastro_DISSERT.pdf: 1319465 bytes, checksum: 4477f75a156b9042925aa89689666c02 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-07T23:35:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlissonSilvaDeCastro_DISSERT.pdf: 1319465 bytes, checksum: 4477f75a156b9042925aa89689666c02 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-07T23:35:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlissonSilvaDeCastro_DISSERT.pdf: 1319465 bytes, checksum: 4477f75a156b9042925aa89689666c02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Nos ?ltimos anos, a eleva??o cont?nua no volume de emiss?es de di?xido de carbono (CO2) e sua concentra??o na atmosfera colocou o tema da mudan?a clim?tica no centro do debate pol?tico-econ?mico mundial. Atualmente, os maiores emissores de CO2 do mundo s?o os pa?ses emergentes, denominado BRICS, que v?m apresentando um crescimento econ?mico expressivo e respondendo por mais de 40% das emiss?es totais deste poluente no planeta (EIA, 2016). Em termos anal?ticos, o estudo da rela??o entre crescimento econ?mico e emiss?es de poluentes t?m sido feito com base na abordagem da Curva de Kuznets Ambiental (CKA), a qual implica a exist?ncia de uma rela??o no formato de um ?U? invertido entre polui??o e renda. Desta forma, ? medida que a renda alcan?a um determinado patamar as emiss?es de poluentes come?am a declinar, fazendo com que haja uma melhora na qualidade ambiental. Neste sentido, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi o de verificar se existe uma CKA para o grupo de pa?ses do BRICS utilizando a metodologia econom?trica de cointegra??o em dados em painel. Al?m da vari?vel PIB per capita, foram adicionadas mais tr?s vari?veis ao modelo: consumo per capita de energia, fluxo de com?rcio e uma dummy para captar os efeitos do Protocolo de Quioto sobre o n?vel de emiss?es destes pa?ses. Os resultados do modelo econom?trico indicaram a exist?ncia de uma rela??o no formato de um ?U? invertido entre renda per capita e emiss?es de CO2, com pontos de inflex?es de US$ 2.033,89 e US$ 2.057,61 respectivamente, nos estimadores FMOLS e DOLS. O consumo per capita de energia apresentou uma rela??o positiva com as emiss?es de CO2, enquanto a rela??o da vari?vel de com?rcio internacional foi negativa. Al?m disso, o coeficiente da vari?vel dummy n?o apresentou signific?ncia estat?stica. Assim, julga-se necess?rio a implementa??o de pol?ticas ambientais nos pa?ses do BRICS que estimulem o crescimento econ?mico com aumento da participa??o de fontes renov?veis, melhor efici?ncia energ?tica e transa??es comerciais que envolvam a transfer?ncia de tecnologia menos poluente para estes pa?ses. Ademais, acredita-se que um Acordo internacional de redu??o das emiss?es de CO2 que recaia tamb?m sobre os pa?ses em desenvolvimento ? de extrema relev?ncia para diminuir o n?vel de emiss?es e manter a temperatura do planeta em patamar est?vel. / In recent years, a steady rise in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and its own concentration on the atmosphere put the climate change issue at the center of the global political-economic debate. Today, the world's largest emitters of CO2 are the emerging BRICS countries, which show significant economic growth and account for more than 40% of total emissions of this pollutant on the planet (EIA, 2016). In analytical terms, the study of the relationship between economic growth and pollutant emissions has been made based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (CKA) approach, which implies an shaped relationship of an inverted "U" between pollution and Income In this way, as income reaches a certain level the emissions of pollutants begin to decline, resulting an improvement in environmental quality. In this sense, the general objective of the research is to verify if there is an evidence of CKA hypothesis for the BRICS group of countries using an economic methodology of panel data cointegration. In addition to the GDP per capita variable, three more variables were added to the model: per capita energy consumption, trade flow and a dummy to capture the effects of the Kyoto Protocol on countries' emissions levels. The results of the econometric model indicated an existence of a relationship of an inverted "U" between per capita income and CO2 emissions, with inflection points of US $ 2,033.89 and US $ 2,057.61, respectively, in the FMOLS and DOLS. The per capita consumption of energy showed a positive relation with CO2 emissions, while a relation of the international trade variable was negative. In addition, the coefficient of the dummy variable, which measures the effects of the Kyoto Protocol, was not statistically significant. Thus, it is considered necessary to implement environmental policies in BRICS countries that stimulate economic growth by increasing the share of renewable sources, better energy and transactions that imply a transfer of less polluting technology to these countries. In addition, it is believed that an international agreement to reduce CO2 emissions that also includes developing countries is extremely important to reduce the level of emissions and keep the planet's temperature at a stable level.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / A intensificaÃÃo das trocas comerciais entre os BRICS pode ser devida tanto a acordos internacionais como a fatores de ordem macroeconÃmica como a taxa de cÃmbio real efetiva, os termos de troca, o investimento externo direto e a renda per capita. O Brasil concentra grande parte de sua produÃÃo para exportaÃÃo em setores com menor intensidade tecnolÃgica, favorecendo assim a produÃÃo de commodities. Diante disso, este estudo tem como objetivo fundamental investigar os determinantes macroeconÃmicos do setor agrÃcola exportador do Brasil para economias selecionadas: RÃssia, Ãndia, China e Ãfrica do Sul (RICS), por meio de variÃveis comumente conhecidas como decisivas para as exportaÃÃes totais, as quais sÃo: taxa de cÃmbio real efetiva, os termos de troca, a renda per capita e o investimento externo direto. Para avaliar estes determinantes, utilizou-se a teoria do comÃrcio internacional, com o uso de sÃries temporais, por meio da metodologia de vetores auto regressivos (VAR). A anÃlise demonstrou que tanto os termos de troca quanto a renda per capita foram significativas para China e Ãfrica do Sul. A RÃssia mostrou que a taxa de cÃmbio real efetiva do Brasil à significante, para Ãndia a taxa de cÃmbio real e os termos de troca foram igualmente significativos.

Submitted by Pedro Barros (pedro.silvabarros@ufpe.br) on 2018-08-03T21:39:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Arlindo Eduardo de Lima Junior.pdf: 1384175 bytes, checksum: 401e04e1fc7f93226124538d624f0af1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-08-09T19:11:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Arlindo Eduardo de Lima Junior.pdf: 1384175 bytes, checksum: 401e04e1fc7f93226124538d624f0af1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T19:11:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Arlindo Eduardo de Lima Junior.pdf: 1384175 bytes, checksum: 401e04e1fc7f93226124538d624f0af1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-04 / CAPES / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as possibilidades de superação do gap tecnológico por meio da cooperação. Verifica-se a existência de complementaridade entre as economias dos BRICS o que torna relevante estudar o direito de cooperação e os sistemas jurídicos, em si, a fim de dinamizar o comércio e garantir desenvolvimento mútuo. Observar-se-á que os modelos de cooperação implementados pelas nações varia de acordo com a equiparação, ou não, dos graus de desenvolvimento dos cooperantes, sendo constatáveis os verticalizados (norte-sul) ligados à cooperação financeira e os mais horizontalizados (sul-sul), mais ajustados à cooperação científico-tecnológica. Feito isto, o estudo pretende investigar a possibilidade de, por intermédio de uma cooperação horizontalizada, reduzir o tempo exigido para a superação do gap tecnológico, o que permitira uma ampliação das liberdades dentro das nações beneficiárias, incluindo a de concorrência, atualmente distorcida em razão da rígida proteção à propriedade intelectual. Observando que a cooperação horizontal envolve os Estados, e constatando que o acordo entre BRICS, rudimento para a criação de um direito de cooperação científico-tecnológica horizontalizada, envolve temas ligados ao comércio, sua viabilização demandará uma reordenação do tratamento jurídico da propriedade industrial. De maneira a evitar antinomias face à ordem internacional inaugurada com o TRIPS na OMC, em razão da cláusula da nação mais favorecida. / The objective of this study is to analyze the possibilities of overcoming the technological gap through cooperation. The existence of complementarities between the economies of the BRICS makes it relevant to study the cooperation law and the legal system of each country in order to boost trade and ensuring mutual development. The cooperation models implemented by nations oscillate in according with equalization, or not, of the degrees of development between the countries involved in the cooperation process. It will possible to observe a verticalized cooperation process (north-south) related to financial cooperation and horizontalized (South-South), better suited for scientific and technological cooperation. After, it will be interesting to investigate the possibility, through this mechanism, reduce the time required to overcome the technological gap, which allowed an expansion of freedoms in the recipient nations, including competition, currently distorted because of the inflexible intellectual property protection. Noting that the horizontal cooperation involves the states, and noting that the agreement between the BRICS, rudiment for the creation of a right to scientific and technological cooperation horizontalized involves issues related to trade, its viability will require a rearrangement of the legal treatment of industrial property. In order to avoid antinomies face the international order inaugurated with TRIPS in the WTO, given the most favored nation clause.

The diploma thesis is focused on the analyses of the Economic development and the subsequent comparison of the BRICS countries. The thesis is especially focused on Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The first chapter is dedicated to characterization of the BRICS countries. The second chapter deals with the basic characteristics of the BRICS countries. Next chapters are focused on PEST analysis of these concrete countries. The third chapter deals with political and legal environment. Moreover, the fourth chapter focuses on the economic analysis of these countries. The aim of the fifth chapter is an analysis of technological development of the BRICS countries and their mutual comparison. Finally, last chapter is focused on the evaluation of concrete markets using SWOT analysis.

This thesis focuses on the analysis of the economic impact of Brazil and China in the context of BRICS countries on the world economy. The first chapter sets out the specifics of the BRICS group, with emphasis on Brazil and China. The second chapter analyzes the current economic situation of the two selected states through economic, social, political and technological indicators. In the final chapter, on the basis of the previous analysis identifies the main factors of economic power of Brazil and China, their possible future developments and risks associated with the dynamic development of these countries.

BRICS Countries belong to dynamically evolving developing countries and some of them aspire to reach the position of a new world economic power, especially since the time when the economic crises hit the world economy and developed countries were largely economically weakened by the crisis. The objective of this thesis is to identify principal trends in the trade policy of BRICS countries, especially in the mutual trade which is characterized by a specific commodity structure and to exemplify these trends on trade and trade policy of the two largest trade partners within BRICS countries - China and India.

The aim of the thesis is to discuss the position of China within the "BRICS" economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). China is the strongest member of the group, which is shortly introduced from the economic point of view in comparison to each other. China managed to keep high paces og economic growth even in times of global economic downturn caused by the global financial crisis. Based on it's economic strength, China gains more and more influence in the global economy and international affairs. China is also a dominant member of the grouping. The thesis analyses the position of China within BRICS and in the broader context of the global economy at the same time. It contains a complex analysis of the economic reforms and structural changes, which led to the shift of China's position towards becoming a world economic power. It also contains an analysis of the impacts of the world crises on the group and compares, how the members dealt with it. It also tries to answer the question if the crisis could cause a change in the existing global economic order in favour of China.

One of the major factors that affect economic growth is FDI - Forgein Direct Investment. BRICS is a newly formed trade bloc that includes 5 of the largest, most heavily populated, and most emerging economies in the world, their economies share various characteristics, yet they also have various differences. The purpose of the thesis is to find the determinants of FDI in this trade bloc. Those determinants were specifically chosen based on multiple accredited previous literature. In this thesis a panel data regression is performed for these 5 partners with data ranging from 1995 to 2018. The results of the thesis were both predicted and surprising, as two determinants were in accordance with the past literature, however the other two  determinants had other results, both of these variables had opposite signs compared to their predicted signs that were expected from the chosen previous literature. Our research tries to answer the question of how do these determinants affect FDI inflows, in order for countries to make strategies to attract it.

Sustainability has become an emphasised universal topic in recent years, especially just after the turn of the second millennium. Leaders from a wide range of disciplines and geographic locations have congregated to discuss their very real energy concerns and the potential solutions available to address them. Various notable conferences have been held from the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, South Africa in August 2002 to the more recent annual World Future Energy Summit held in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates in January 2013. South Africa and Brazil form part of the BRICS group of nations which is characterised by emerging and rapidly-growing economies. South Africa and Brazil both are favoured by sustainable energy environments with an abundance of sustainable energy resources. Both countries also have various tax incentives that are aimed at encouraging the production and use of sustainable energy. Despite these facts, a large disparity still exists between South Africa and Brazil pertaining to their sustainable energy usage as a percentage of their total primary energy usage. South Africa’s sustainable energy usage is extremely small compared to that of Brazil, and therefore this study aims to determine improvements for South Africa. Brazil’s tax related policies and legislation are instructive in this regard. The benefits of sustainable energy as opposed to energy generated from fossil fuels are evident from an analysis of their economic, environmental and social impacts. Tax incentives can take on various forms and although not the only factor, they would appear to be an important consideration in encouraging investments in sustainable energy. Numerous barriers are identified that directly affect both the ability and desirability of the production and use of sustainable energy. Some of the more significant barriers include high initial capital costs, regulatory frameworks and intellectual rights, the long term nature and payback period of sustainable energy projects and the availability of alternative fossil fuels. Tax incentives are one of the measures that, if appropriately used, could significantly reduce many sustainable energy related barriers. The study concludes that South Africa can learn from Brazil and implement improvements to its tax incentives and related policies and legislation. This would assist in addressing some of its key sustainable energy related barriers. Possible improvements noted include regulatory policies in which South Africa could consider implementing a sustainable energy obligation and mandate; improved certainty regarding South Africa’s research and development incentives; and improved benefits resulting from the research and development incentives. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / am2014 / Taxation / unrestricted