Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-13T17:59:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Thamires de Mello Neto.pdf: 1516929 bytes, checksum: faa5edbe5a008b3c926c4e55309ad3e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-13T17:59:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Thamires de Mello Neto.pdf: 1516929 bytes, checksum: faa5edbe5a008b3c926c4e55309ad3e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Throughout the coastal habitats, the Guiana dolphin is affected by anthropogenic actions that threaten its conservation, especially fishing and boat traffic. Sepetiba bay seems to offer a high-quality habitat, because the dolphins are very abundant and found in the area all year round. With the industrial development in Sepetiba Bay, there will be an increase of large vessels flow, which will carry several types of cargo, some of which are harmful to the environment and directly dangerous to the animals. This intense traffic occurs in a place used by dolphins for feeding, foraging and breeding, may generate negative behavioral responses, changing their affinity for the place and move away. From a landbase, during the period of one year (July 2015 to August 2016), sightings were realized with the objective of evaluating whether the different vessels generate impacts on the Guiana dolphins? behavior. The evaluation was based on a behavioral reaction classification in Negative, Neutral, and Positive, in interactions with a 500m maximum distance among the study objects. The study had a total of 288 h of sample effort, whereupon with the most interactions were Jan/16 with 14.90% (n = 11), Jul/15 with 13.51% (n = 10) and Mar/16 and Apr/16 with 12.16% (n = 9). Interactions occurred mostly during the period from 10 h to 11 h AM (32.43%), 9h to 10h AM (24.32%), and 11 to 12 h AM (24.32%), and all occurred outside the dredged chanel. The dolphin groups, in general, were small. The presence of calves accompanying the group was also low, only 12 individuals (6.86%). The vessels that most interacted with the dolphins were: Boats (79.73%) and Trawlers (18.92%), and only one ship (1.35%) was observed interacting with the animals. Foraging (57.30%) and Travelling (42.70%) were the most performed activities. The most expressive behavioral reactions were Neutral (71.43%), followed by Negative (24%), and very low occurrence of Positive reactions (4.28%). In order to verify if there were significant differences between the vessels and behavioral reactions, X2 was used, assuming pvalue <0.05 (df 2). It was observed that the Neutral reactions have a differential effect in relation to the other reactions for the types of vessels. Neutral reactions were predominant and could be interpreted as a process of habituation or learning. Or even energy-saving. This energy could be used in foraging activities, since the possible decrease of essential species in their diet will cause a bigger effort to catch prey than avoid potential impacts. / Ao longo dos habitats costeiros, o boto-cinza, Sotalia guianensis, est? sujeito a a??es antropog?nicas que amea?am a sua conserva??o, especialmente a pesca e o tr?fego de embarca??es. A Ba?a de Sepetiba parece oferecer um habitat de qualidade, uma vez que os botos s?o abundantes e encontrados o ano todo. Com o crescente avan?o de empreendimentos na Ba?a de Sepetiba, em h? um aumento no fluxo de embarca??es de grande porte, que consequentemente transporta diversos tipos de cargas, sendo algumas nocivas ao meio ambiente e diretamente perigosas para os botos. Esse tr?fego intenso na Ba?a de Sepetiba, local utilizado pelos botos para alimenta??o, forrageamento e reprodu??o, pode gerar respostas comportamentais negativas por parte dos botos, fazendo com que se afastem ou mudem sua afinidade pelo local. Sendo assim a partir de um ponto fixo, durante o per?odo de um ano (Julho/2015 a Agosto/2016), avistagens foram realizadas com o objetivo de avaliar se as diferentes embarca??es geram impactos sobre o comportamento da popula??o de boto-cinza da Ba?a de Sepetiba. A avalia??o se deu a partir da classifica??o da rea??o comportamental em Negativa, Neutra e Positiva, em intera??es com dist?ncias entre os objetos de estudo de no m?ximo 500m. O estudo teve um total de 288 h de esfor?o amostral, dentre as quais os meses que apresentaram mais intera??es foram Jan/16 com 14,90% (n=11), Jul/15 com 13,51% (n=10), Mar/16 e Abr/16 com 12,16% (n=9). As intera??es ocorreram em sua maioria durante o per?odo de 10 ?s 11 hrs (32,43%), 9 ?s 10 hrs (24,32%) e 11 ?s 12 hrs (24,32%), e todas se deram fora do canal dragado. Os grupos, no geral, foram de pequeno porte. A presen?a de filhotes acompanhando o grupo tamb?m foi baixa, somente 12 (6,86%) indiv?duos. As embarca??es que mais interagiram com os botos, foram: Lanchas (79,73%) e Traineiras (18,92%), somente um Navio (1,35%). O Forrageamento (57,30%) e o Deslocamento (42,70%) foram as atividades mais realizadas, e as rea??es comportamentais de maior frequ?ncia foram a Neutra (71,43%), seguido da Negativa (24%) e Positiva (4,28%). Para verificar se houve diferen?as significativas entre as embarca??es e rea??es comportamentais foi utilizado o X2, assumindo valor de signific?ncia p<0.05, foi constatado que as rea??es neutras t?m um efeito predominante em rela??o ?s outras rea??es para os tipos de embarca??es. As rea??es neutras foram predominantes podendo ser interpretadas como um processo de habitua??o ou aprendizagem. Ou at? mesmo de economia de energia. Essa energia poderia ser utilizada em atividades de forrageamento, j? que a poss?vel escassez de esp?cies essenciais em sua dieta fa?a com que os botos se esfor?em mais para capturar presas do que se afastar dos poss?veis impactos

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-30T13:10:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - N?taly Fernandes Corr?a.pdf: 684932 bytes, checksum: 7c9c015d84225dfd92d1f81dd4614fb7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-30T13:10:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - N?taly Fernandes Corr?a.pdf: 684932 bytes, checksum: 7c9c015d84225dfd92d1f81dd4614fb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior- CAPES / Previous studies in Sepetiba Bay, RJ, recorded calves and juveniles of Guiana dolphin through all seasons. However few is know about the behaviors of parental care for this species. The main objective of this work was to investigate the behavior of parental care in Sotalia guianensis population of Sepetiba Bay. The film clips used in this study were recorded in 30 boat trips conducted in the bay from December 2000 to August 2001. The evaluation of the parental care degree was conducted using two measures: longitudinal care and transversal care. When the mother located itself longitudinally ahead of its offspring (longitudinal position 1) or when it was between the boat and the offspring (transversal position 1) the parental care were registered. However, there was not care when the mother located itself behind its offspring (longitudinal position 2) or when the mother left its offspring to be between the boat and it (transversal position 2). The influence of three variables was tested: group size, behavior state of the group (feeding and traveling) and age class (calve and juvenile). From the total of 39,840 second of observation, 946 mother-calf dyads were recorded, and the results of the analyses of the kinds of care conducted separately revealed that the longitudinal care was present in 84.7% of the time and the transversal care in 57.7%. The time spent by the offspring on each longitudinal position (1 and 2) was statistically different (U=58,033.50; p=0.02), receiving care during the median of 37 seconds. About the transversal care, there was not significant difference in the time that offspring received care. The group size was statistically different when the mother located itself longitudinally ahead of its offspring or not (U=151,525.50; p<0.01), the median of group size for position 1 was 15 individuals, while for position 2 was 12. In relation to the mother position between the boat or not, there was also significant variation (U=97,074.00; p=0.03), the median of group size for transversal position 1 was 15 individuals and for position 2 was 14 animals. Was identified significant influence of the behavior state of the group on longitudinal care, and that care is intensely performed at feeding (N= 946; H3=17.60; p<0.01). The immatures of Sepetiba Bay population have benefited from intense parental care, mainly during the feeding activities and in large groups. The care is similarly offered to calves and juveniles, longitudinally and transversally, suggesting a parent-offspring conflict of interest. / Estudos anteriores na Ba?a de Sepetiba, RJ, registraram a presen?a de filhotes e juvenis de botos-cinzas (S. guianensis) durante todas as esta??es do ano, no entanto, pouco ? conhecido sobre o comportamento de cuidado aos imaturos da esp?cie. Este trabalho objetivou investigar o comportamento de cuidado parental da popula??o de botos-cinzas na Ba?a de Sepetiba. Foram utilizados clipes das filmagens gravadas em 30 expedi??es conduzidas na ba?a entre dezembro de 2000 e agosto de 2001. A avalia??o do grau de cuidado parental foi conduzida utilizando duas medidas: cuidado longitudinal e cuidado transversal. Quando a m?e se posicionava longitudinalmente ? frente da prole (posi??o longitudinal 1) ou entre o barco e a prole (posi??o transversal 1) foi registrado o cuidado parental. Entretanto, n?o havia cuidado quando a m?e se localizava atr?s do imaturo (posi??o longitudinal 2) ou deixando o imaturo entre ela e a embarca??o (posi??o transversal 2). Foi testada a influ?ncia de tr?s vari?veis no grau de cuidado parental: tamanho de grupo, estado comportamental do grupo (pesca e deslocamento) e classe et?ria da prole (filhote e juvenil). De um total 39.840 segundos de observa??o, foram registrados 946 pares de m?e e imaturo, e os resultados das an?lises dos tipos de cuidados conduzidas separadamente revelaram que o cuidado longitudinal esteve presente em 84,7% do tempo e o cuidado transversal em 57,7%. O tempo em que a prole esteve em cada posi??o longitudinal (1 e 2) foi estatisticamente diferente (U=58033,50; p=0,02), recendo cuidado da m?e durante a mediana de 37 segundos. Em rela??o ao cuidado transversal, n?o houve diferen?a significativa no tempo em que a prole recebia cuidado. O tamanho do grupo foi estatisticamente diferente quando a m?e se posicionou longitudinalmente ? frente da prole ou n?o (U=151525,50; p<0,01), a mediana para a posi??o 1 foi de 15 indiv?duos, enquanto na posi??o 2 de 12 indiv?duos. Houve tamb?m varia??o significativa em rela??o ao posicionamento da m?e entre o barco ou n?o (U=97074,00; p=0,03), a mediana na posi??o transversal 1 foi de 15 indiv?duos e na posi??o 2 de 14 indiv?duos. Foi encontrada influ?ncia significativa do estado comportamental do grupo apenas sobre o cuidado longitudinal e tal cuidado ? intensamente realizado na pesca (N= 946; H3=17,60; p<0,01). Na popula??o da Ba?a de Sepetiba, os imaturos se beneficiam de intenso cuidado parental, principalmente durante as atividades de pesca e em grupos numerosos. O cuidado ? investido de maneira similar aos filhotes e juvenis, tanto longitudinal quanto transversalmente, sugerindo um conflito de interesses entre os pais e a prole.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-23T10:52:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Luziane Montezoli Damon Mendes.pdf: 10632014 bytes, checksum: c93d6f0447b91ec5177b962e2f091bd9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-23T10:52:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Luziane Montezoli Damon Mendes.pdf: 10632014 bytes, checksum: c93d6f0447b91ec5177b962e2f091bd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-07 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPQ / Species of the genus Uca Leach 1814, have wide distribution in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world, especially as a species excavators substrate, activity is important the processes of energy transfer and nutrient cycling, and is considered a keystone species in the ecosystem. This study was conducted with the aim of investigate the ecology distribution, population biology and somatic growth and natural mortality of the genus Uca in Itacuru??/Coroa Grande mangrove, Sepetiba Bay- RJ. Sampling was conducted in the right bank of the Draga river and Itingussu river during May/2010 to April/2011. The samplings were made monthly by two collectors during 10 minutes in low tide, digging sediment and removing crabs. Sediment samples were collected in 72 subareas of 5x5m, to determine the granulometry, organic matter, calcium, phosphor and metal zinco e manganese. They were studied seven species of the genus Uca: Uca cumulanta, Uca leptodactylus, Uca rapax, Uca thayeri, Uca uruguayensis, Uca mordax and Uca vocator. Uca cumulanta was the more abundant species and Uca vocator the rarer.The results indicated that distribution of the species was influenced by abiotic factors, being the main limiting factors: salinity, sediment grain size, organic matter, concentrations of phosphor and metals, zinc and manganese. Only air temperature presented correlatin with the abundance of the ovigerous females. During the study period was collected a total of 4234 crabs, with 2570 males and 1664 females (61 ovigerous females). The results of the mean size revealed the occurrence of significant differences between the sexes, with a predominance of larger males, for the most populations. Only the females of U. cumulanta presented larger mean size compared to males, and U. thayeri no difference between the sexes. The results of the growth dynamics revealed that a longevity for the study populations ranged from 3.27 to 4.22 years. U. thayeri was the species with the lowest difference in relation to longevity between the sexes, with 3.43 years for males and 3.53 years for females, and U. leptodactylus showed higher amplitude, with 3.43 years for males and 4 07 years for females. The coefficients of natural mortality showed no marked inter and intraspecific differences according to species and sexes, although the values of natural mortality have been higher on males than females / As esp?cies do g?nero Uca possuem ampla distribui??o nas regi?es tropicais, subtropicais e temperadas do mundo, destacando-se como esp?cies escavadoras do substrato, atividade importante para os processos de transfer?ncia de energia e ciclagem de nutrientes e ? considerada uma esp?cie-chave do ecossistema. Este trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de analisar a biologia populacional, distribui??o ecol?gica, crescimento som?tico e mortalidade natural das esp?cies do g?nero Uca no manguezal de Itacuru?a/Coroa Grande, Ba?a de Sepetiba ? RJ. A amostragem foi realizada ? margem direita do rio da Draga e do Rio Itingussu, em tr?s grades (0, 100 e 200 m), durante o per?odo de maio/2010 a abril/2011, mensalmente, durante a mar? baixa, por 10 minutos, atrav?s de coletas manuais escavando o sedimento e removendo os caranguejos. Amostras do sedimento foram coletadas nas 72 sub?reas de 5x5m, para determinar o tamanho das part?culas, mat?ria org?nica, teor de c?lcio, f?sforo e os metais, ferro, zinco e mangan?s. Foram capturadas sete esp?cies do g?nero Uca: Uca cumulanta, Uca leptodactylus, Uca rapax, Uca thayeri, Uca uruguayensis, Uca mordax e Uca vocator. A esp?cie mais abundante foi U. leptodactylus e U. vocator a mais rara.. As principais vari?veis limitantes da abund?ncia das esp?cies do g?nero Uca no manguezal de Itacuru??/Coroa Grande, foram a salinidade, tamanho dos gr?os do sedimento, teor de mat?ria org?nica, concentra??o de f?sforo e dos metais ferro, zinco e mangan?s. Para as f?meas ov?geras a vari?vel temperatura do ar foi a ?nica, que apresentou correla??o com a abund?ncia desses organismos. Durante o per?odo de estudo foi analisado um total de 4234 caranguejos, sendo 2570 machos e 1664 f?meas (61 f?meas ov?geras). A an?lise dos resultados do tamanho m?dio revelou a ocorr?ncia de diferen?as significativas entre os sexos, com predomin?ncia de machos maiores, para maioria das popula??es. Somente as f?meas de U. cumulanta apresentaram maior tamanho m?dio quando comparadas aos machos, j? U. thayeri n?o apresentou diferen?a significativa entre os sexos. Os resultados da din?mica de crescimento, revelaram que a longevidade para as popula??es em estudo, variou de 3,27 a 4,22 anos. U. thayeri foi a esp?cie que apresentou menor diferen?a em rela??o ? longevidade entre os sexos, com 3,43 anos para machos e 3,53 anos para f?meas, j? U. leptodactylus apresentou maior amplitude, com 3,43 anos para machos e 4,07 anos para f?meas. Os coeficientes de mortalidade natural n?o evidenciaram diferen?as inter e intraespecificas acentuadas de acordo com a esp?cie e o sexo, embora os valores de mortalidade natural tenham sido um pouco mais elevados sobre os machos, do que sobre as f?meas. Palavras-chave: Ba?a de Sepetiba, chama-mar?s, longevidade, padr?o de distribui??o, mortalidade.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-08T13:33:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Samara Macedo Pinto.pdf: 970121 bytes, checksum: f69dfd12be8357633a632969c91a1d3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-08T13:33:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Samara Macedo Pinto.pdf: 970121 bytes, checksum: f69dfd12be8357633a632969c91a1d3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Fish communities in developing countries have, in many cases, showed a decrease in the species richness and abundance over time as a result of anthropogenic impacts. We analyzed fish communities of three zones (inner, middle and outer) of the Sepetiba Bay (Southeastern Brazil) using identical sampling methods (bottom trawl) during four different time periods: 1987?1988; 1993?1995; 1998?2001 and 2012?2013. A total of 33,140 fish representing 127 species in 88 genera and 41 families were recorded. Our results revealed highly significant and consistent differences in the fish community structure among the bay zones, and a decreased in the fish richness and abundance over the time period. Changes in fish richness and abundance were related mostly to a sharp decrease that occurred in the inner bay zone, the most impacted bay area, and, to a lesser extent, in the middle zone between the two first (1987?1988 and 1993?1995) and the two latter time periods (1998?2001 and 2012?2013), whereas the outer zone remained comparatively stable over time. Spatial changes in the fish community structure among the bay zones were related to differences in salinity, transparency and depth with this latter variable, together with other factors, acting as a buffer for stabalizing community changes; however, these environmental variables explained little of the variation in the temporal changes. The most important changes over time in abundant species were the numerical decreases of the Ariid Cathorops spixii, the serranid Diplectrum radiale and sciaenid Cynoscion leiarchus, and increases of the sciaenid Micropogonias furnieri and the marine catfish Genidens genidens, with this latter species restricted to the inner and middle zones. This study adds long-term information on gradual fish community changes along spatial gradients of environmental and anthropogenic influences in embayment systems. It is perhaps timely to link conservation and management planning with historical information to protect fish biodiversity in tropical developing countries / As comunidades de peixes em pa?ses em desenvolvimento, em muitos casos, mostram uma diminui??o na riqueza e abund?ncia das esp?cies ao longo do tempo como resultado das evid?ncias dos impactos antropog?nicos. N?s analisamos as comunidades de peixes ao longo de tr?s zonas (interna, central e externa) da Ba?a de Sepetiba (Sudeste do Brasil), utilizando m?todos id?nticos de amostragem (bottom trawl) de peixes durante quatro per?odos temporais diferentes: 1987?1988; 1993?1995; 1998?2001 e 2012?2013. Registrou-se um total de 33.140 peixes representando 127 esp?cies em 88 g?neros e 41 fam?lias. Nossos resultados revelaram diferen?as altamente significativas e consistentes na estrutura da comunidade de peixes entre as zonas da ba?a e uma diminui??o na riqueza de esp?cies e abund?ncia ao longo do per?odo de estudo. As mudan?as na riqueza de esp?cies e abund?ncia foram relacionadas, principalmente, ? uma forte queda que ocorreu na zona interna da ba?a, ?rea esta mais afetada e, em menor medida, na zona central entre os dois primeiros (1987?1988 e 1993?1995) e os ?ltimos dois per?odos temporais (1998?2001 e 2012?2013), enquanto a zona exterior permaneceu relativamente est?vel ao longo do tempo. Mudan?as espaciais na estrutura da comunidade de peixes entre as zonas da ba?a foram relacionadas ?s diferen?as de salinidade, transpar?ncia e profundidade com este ?ltima vari?vel, em conjunto com outros fatores, atuando como um ?buffer? estabilizando mudan?as na comunidade; no entanto, essas vari?veis ambientais explicaram pouco a varia??o nas mudan?as temporais. As mudan?as mais importantes ao longo do tempo em esp?cies abundantes foi a diminui??o num?rica do Ariideo Cathorops spixii, do Serran?deo Diplectrum radiale e do Sciaen?deo Cynoscion leiarchus, e o aumento do Sciaen?deo Micropogonias furnieri e o bagre marinho Genidens genidens, com esta ?ltima esp?cie restrita ?s zonas interna e central. Este estudo acrescenta informa??o de longo prazo sobre mudan?as graduais nas comunidades de peixes ao longo de gradientes espaciais com influ?ncias ambientais e antr?picas no sistema de ba?a. Talvez seja oportuno vincular conserva??o e planejamento de gest?o com informa??es hist?ricas para proteger a biodiversidade de peixes em pa?ses tropicais em desenvolvimento.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-15T12:14:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Daiane Ouvernay Fernandes da Silva.pdf: 7586481 bytes, checksum: 5a97593f1df40687d3039aaf482f7a65 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-15T12:14:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Daiane Ouvernay Fernandes da Silva.pdf: 7586481 bytes, checksum: 5a97593f1df40687d3039aaf482f7a65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This study investigated the relationship between species of frogs, lizards, gradients environmental and insularity. We could detect a strong relationship between lizards in open habitats and anthropic as well as a strong influence of the area to the richness and abundance of lizards, rather than habitat heterogeneity. The community was the most diverse State Park Cunhambebe. The lizards of island environments of the Sepetiba Bay showed a strong relationship between abundance and area, supporting the hypothesis of Ecological Release. The species Cycloramphus sp., Thoropa miliaris, Hylodes asper, H. phyllodes, Phasmahyla cruzi and Scinax trapicheiroi are those with lower values of tolerance of distance from this physiognomy and sometimes only occur in this environment. / Neste estudo foram investigadas as rela??es entre esp?cies de anf?bios anuros, lagartos, gradientes ambientais e insularidade. Nota-se uma forte rela??o dos lagartos com ambientes abertos e antr?picos, bem como uma forte influ?ncia da ?rea para a riqueza e abund?ncia dos lagartos, mais que a heterogeneidade de habitats. A comunidade mais diversa foi a do Parque Estadual do Cunhambebe. Os lagartos de ambientes insulares da Ba?a de Sepetiba demonstraram forte rela??o entre abund?ncia e ?rea, corroborando com a hip?tese de Libera??o ecol?gica. As esp?cies Cycloramphus sp., Thoropa miliaris, Hylodes asper, H. phyllodes, Phasmahyla cruzi e Scinax trapicheiroi s?o as que possuem menores valores de toler?ncia de dist?ncia da cachoeira e, algumas vezes, s? ocorrem neste ambiente