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Submitted by Alisson Mota (alisson.davidbeckam@gmail.com) on 2015-07-22T18:33:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Arlena Maria Guimarães Gato.pdf: 2067444 bytes, checksum: a858fc3c2c47508ee175666940ad0251 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-23T14:23:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Arlena Maria Guimarães Gato.pdf: 2067444 bytes, checksum: a858fc3c2c47508ee175666940ad0251 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-23T14:26:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Arlena Maria Guimarães Gato.pdf: 2067444 bytes, checksum: a858fc3c2c47508ee175666940ad0251 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-23T14:26:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Arlena Maria Guimarães Gato.pdf: 2067444 bytes, checksum: a858fc3c2c47508ee175666940ad0251 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-10 / SUFRAMA - Superintendência da Zona Franca de Manaus / The flowers and ornamental plants cultivation stands out as an important agronomical activity. But despite the economical and market potential of these regional native species: helicônia, bastão, sorvetão and other plants, is necessary more basic studies about the use of advanced techniques in getting propagated material with quality assurance and good phytosanitary aspect. The objective of this study was to obtain plantlets from floral apices of Heliconia rauliniana and embryos rescue of H. marginata, identifies, inoculation of bacterial isolates and evaluate the effect of these microorganisms in the development of micropropagated plants. Established the plants micropropagation process, it was isolated from matrices root, bacterial isolates and, according to the classification criteria of activity levels of nitrogen biological fixation, phosphate solubilisation and auxin production, it was selected six Heliconia rauliniana isolates and eight of Heliconia marginata. The first experiment were inoculated in in vitro plants of H. rauliniana, the B4, B5, B8, B13, B16 and B18 bacterial isolates and on H. marginata micropropagated plants, the B1, B2, B4, B6, B7, B10, B12, B14 and B16 isolates and, then transferred to plastic boxes containing sterilized substrate Plantmax (Horticulture) and maintained under greenhouse. After 60 days of inoculation, it was realized the evaluation of root growth promotion, selecting the three isolates that showed the best results: B18, B5 and B13 (H. rauliniana) and B7, B6 and B10 (H. marginata). In the second experiment we used the B18, B5, B13 and B6, B7, B10 selected in the first experiment and inoculated in 60 plants, distributed on five treatments: control, B18, B5 and B13, cocktail x plant and control, B6, B7, B10, cocktail x plant with 12 plants per treatment. The results presented after 60 days, don’t were significant on the level of 0.05% and one good faith coefficient of 95% (ANOVA) for root growth promotion, number of leaves, plant height, fresh weight and dry weight. The plants survive was 83.3%. For microorganisms identify, it was used the analysis of the fragment about 800 bp of the 16S rDNA (Primer 27f). The sequencial analysis via Blast showed three bacterial groups: Burkholderia, Ralstonia e Enterobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia). / O cultivo de flores e plantas ornamentais tropicais destaca-se como importante atividade agrícola. Mas, apesar das potencialidades econômicas e de mercado dessas espécies nativas da região: helicônia, bastão, sorvetão e outras, são necessários mais estudos básicos sobre a utilização de técnicas avançadas na obtenção de material de propagação com garantia de qualidade e bom aspecto fitossanitário. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter mudas micropropagadas a partir de ápice floral de Heliconia rauliniana e de resgates de embriões de H. marginata, identificação, inoculação dos isolados de bactérias e avaliar o efeito desses microrganismos no desenvolvimento das plantas micropropagadas. Estabelecido o processo de micropropagação das plantas foram isolados das raízes das matrizes, isolados bacterianos e, de acordo com os critérios de classificação dos níveis de atividades em fixação biológica de nitrogênio, solubilização de fosfato e produção de auxina, foram selecionados seis isolados da Heliconia rauliniana e oito da Heliconia marginata. No primeiro experimento, foram inoculados nas plantas micropropagadas de H. rauliniana, os isolados bacterianos B4; B5 (Enterobacter); B8; B13 (Ralstonia); B16; B18 (Enterobacter) e nas plantas micropropagadas de H. marginata, os isolados B1; B2; B4; B6 (Enterobacter); B7 (Enterobacter); B10 (Burkholderia); B12; B14 e; B16 e, posteriormente transferidas para caixas plásticas contendo substrato esterilizado PlantMax (Horticultura) e mantidas em casa de vegetação. Após 60 dias de inoculação foi realizada a avaliação de promoção de crescimento de raiz, selecionando-se os três isolados que apresentaram os melhores resultados por espécie: Heliconia rauliniana, Enterobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia), B18 e B5 Enterobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia e B13 (Ralstonia) e Heliconia marginata B7 Entereobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia), B6 Entereobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia) e B10 Burkholderia. No segundo experimento foram utilizados os isolados bacterianos B18 Enterobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia): B5 Enterobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia, B13 Ralstonia e B6, Entereobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia), B7, Entereobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia), B10, Burkholdeia selecionados no primeiro experimento e inoculados em 60 plantas, distribuídas em cinco tratamentos: controle, B18 Entereobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia: B5 Entereobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia e B13 Ralstonia, coquetel x planta e controle, B6 Entereobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia), B7 Entereobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia), B10 (Burkholderia), coquetel x planta com 12 plantas por tratamento. Os resultados apresentados após 60 dias, não foram significativos a nível de 0,05 % e um coeficiente de confiança de 95 % (A NOVA) para promoção de crescimento de raiz, número de folhas, altura de planta, peso fresco e peso seco. A sobrevivência das plantas foi de 83,3 %. Para identificação dos microrganismos foi usado o seqüenciamento de fragmento de aproximadamente 800 pb do gene 16S rDNA (“primer 27f). A análise das sequencias via Blast mostrou três grupos de bactéria: Burkholderia, Ralstonia e Enterobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia).

Thesis (M.Sc. Agriculture (Animal Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / Poultry is a good source of animal protein for many households due to its affordability. However, it is prone to bacterial infections which can be passed on to consumers, hence chickens that are reared without constant health checks present a potential health threat to humans. The objective of the study was to identify the zoonotic bacterial pathogens in poultry feeds and water resources in Blouberg poultry value chain project. A total of 88 samples comprising of 14 feed samples, 14 water samples, 60 mouth and rectal swab samples were collected from the farms. The samples were screened for the presence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. through selective cultivation. Only coliforms and the dominant isolates were identified as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Enterobacter spp., Salmonella and Shigella spp. were not detected in all the samples. E. coli strains that were isolated from the water sources and mouth and rectal swabs of the chickens showed a significant resistance to gentamycin, neomycin, penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin (p<0.05). Klebsiella pneumoniae showed resistance to neomycin; penicillin; erythromycin (p<0.05) while K. oxytoca and E. absuriae showed similar antibiotic resistance profile as penicillin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid and ampicillin. E. coli and K. pneumonia are mostly implicated in poultry disease outbreaks and they are enteric pathogens in humans as well. The presence of pathogens in poultry presents a great risk of secondary infection in humans and this will lead to socio-economic problems for the affected communities. The information generated in this study will guide the relevant stakeholders who handle poultry feeds and water resources in following good management practices. 1 / National Research Foundation (NRF)

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