Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-07-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:58:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pinto_erp_me_araiq.pdf: 5569467 bytes, checksum: 2f595227d3dc3f1b9f4455d7803afae6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O desenvolvimento de novos materiais com fonte renovável, baixo custo, melhores propriedades físico-mecânicas e biodegradáveis tem se tornado o principal objetivo de muitas empresas e grupos de pesquisa. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foiestudare desenvolver materiais a partir de uma matriz de poliuretano (PU) derivada do óleo de mamona utilizando como reforço a fibra da celulose bacteriana (CB). O trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas, a primeira direcionada a escolher o melhor estado da fibra (úmida, seca ou liofilizada) e a melhor resina para a formação da matriz. Na segunda etapa, desenvolveram-se as condições de moldagem e compressão para a matriz e compósito. A formação dos compósitos na primeira etapa utilizou a fibra da CB em três estados diferentes, seca, úmida em pedaço, úmida triturada e liofilizada, e duas matrizes de resinas PU monocomponente com diferentes porcentagens de NCO livre para cada uma, na proporção de 80% de fibra CB e 20% da matriz PU. A partir dos resultados obtidos optouse por utilizar a fibra úmida e seca e a matriz para a moldagem foi desenvolvida como bicomponente, pois a monocomponente apresentou formação de bolhas devido à reação com a umidade e a presença de muito solvente. Na segunda etapa foram obtidos os compósitos com 10% de fibra seca com uma pequena porcentagem de água (7%) e 90% da matriz PU bicomponente. As condições de moldagem foram a 6 ton a 70ºC por 7h. Para a fibra úmida foi desenvolvido um processo de troca de solvente para diminuir a porcentagem de água com o objetivo de aumentar a interação com a matriz. Esse processo possibilita utilizar a fibra revestida com a resina em forma de tiras, fios ou manta como reforço na matriz PU ou em outras matrizes. A caracterização foi feita por Raio-X, Infravermelho, Termogravimetria, Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial, Análise Dinâmico Mecânico e ensaios... / The development of new materials with renewable source, low cost, better physicsmechanical properties and biodegradable, has become the main objective of many companies and research groups. The main goal of this work was to study and to develop material from polyurethane matrix (PU) derivative from castor oil added to bacterial cellulose (BC) fiber as reinforcement. The present work was divided in two parts: first, a selection of adequate fiber (humid, dry or lyophilized) and adequate resin have been explored to prepare the matrix. In the second part, the conditions of molding and compression for the matrix and composite have been studied. The first stage of the composites were formed with different types of BC fiber, dry and humid like continuum, discontinue and lyophilized, the matrix used was PU monocomponent resin with different percentages of free NCO for each one, with the ratio 80% of BC fiber and 20% of PU matrix. From these results, it was possible to select the humid and dry fiber. The molding PU matrix was developed as bicomponent, because the monocomponent resin had several bubbles due to the high amount of solvent and reaction with humid. The second stage of the composites had 10% of dry fiber containing (7%) of water and 90% of bicomponent PU. The molding condition was 6 ton at 70ºC during 7h. To increase the interaction of the matrix and CB fiber, a process has been developed based on solvent exchange. The characterization was made by X-Ray Diffraction, Infrared, Thermogravimetry, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and mechanical test of the tension and creep. The bicomponent matrix present viscoelastic properties and the reinforcement with BC enhanced some of the properties as: increases of the glass transition temperature; 5 times increment of elastic modulus, reduction of the storage module, low yield region and better behavior on creep. Therefore, these results are interesting and show that the dry.

As the global plastic consumption is increasing, an innovative substitute for petroleum-based product must be developed towards a more sustainable society. Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on earth having potential because of its biodegradability and is produced from renewable resources. However, purification of plant cellulose is costly and limit the application development where bacterial cellulose have gained more focus. Bacterial cellulose can be obtained as a by-product from Kombucha fermentation on commercial sugars such as sucrose. Replacing commercial sugars with molasses, a by-product from the sugarcane industry, as a substrate could be a low-cost alternative. The purpose of the study is to investigate and evaluate the properties of bacterial cellulose obtained from Kombucha microorganisms fermented in molasses medium using different fermenting conditions. Biofilms containing bacterial cellulose were obtained by fermenting with three types of molasses inoculated with two types of Kombucha cultures. Two of the three molasses used came from PT. Andalan Furnindo in Indonesia from two different sugar production batches and one type from Nordic Sugar AB in Sweden. The culture was obtained from previously fermented Kombucha, one from Tujju Kombucha, Indonesia and one from Roots AB, Sweden. Fermentation was carried out with one of the molasses from PT. Andalan Furnindo together with coffee waste, containing different concentrations of the substrates. The obtained biofilms were compared to biofilms produced with the ingredients of a conventional Kombucha setup. The other molasses from PT. Andalan Furnindo was fermented with or without the addition of pure caffeine, using culture with adapted microorganisms. Obtained films were either dried under pressure, without pressure in oven or purified with 1 M NaOH and air-dried. Optimum fermentation conditions with the molasses from Nordic Sugar AB were analysed. Regarding the fermentation with molasses from PT. Andalan Furnindo and coffee waste, the highest yield of biomass after fermentation could be seen in the system containing the highest amount of total sugars (100 g/l) and highest amount of caffeine deriving from coffee waste (200 mg/l). However, the membrane produced from conventional Kombucha exhibited a more flexible character, having superior elongation at break, stretching 46 % more than the sample produced in molasses medium. Using culture with adapted microorganisms in the fermentation with molasses from PT. Andalan Furnindo proved to increase the biomass yield with roughly 40 % compared to the biofilms produced without adapted microorganisms, but no effect of higher caffeine concentration was detected for the setups. All biofilms obtained from fermenting with adapted culture possessed superior mechanical-thermal properties. The highest elongation at break of 48.7 % was observed for the sample dried under normal conditions and the highest tensile strength was observed for the purified samples of 43.5 MPa. Furthermore, the purified samples possessed a higher thermal stability and had the highest cellulose content of 64 %. Adaptation was vital to obtain any bacterial cellulose fermenting in medium containing molasses from Nordic Sugar AB.

Novel biomaterials provide a spectrum of possibilities. They can be engineered in different forms to understand how they would perform as different bioprosthetic conduits. Bacterial cellulose membranes may be suitable candidates as prosthetic valve leaflets in valve replacement surgeries due to their functional properties (hemodynamics, resistant to thrombosis). Biomaterials used for most bioprosthetic heart valves are cut, trimmed and sutured. A major challenge for the bi-leaflet configuration is that the cutting and suturing of biopolymers fabricated as sheets into a cylindrical form increases failure risk due to greater number of suture points and irregular coaptation. The objective was to culture the bacterial cellulose membrane as a continuous cylindrical construct and evaluate its mechanical properties. Various design features of the fabrication process such as culturing media and the hollow carrier-mandrel characteristics were evaluated. A comparative study of how bacterial cellulose grows on different hollow carrier membranes was conducted and thin smooth surface silicone tubes fabricated in the lab were found to be most suitable. A bioreactor for culturing cylindrical bacterial cellulose tubes on the outer surface of the hollow carrier was designed and fabricated. The mechanical properties of the fabricated tubes, specifically, their tensile strength, flexure, suture retention and tear resistance were characterized. Mechanical characterization studies showed the cylindrical bacterial cellulose tubes to be anisotropic, with preferential properties in the longitudinal (axial) direction of the tube. Preliminary results show that cylindrical bacterial cellulose tubes can be a promising candidate for use in prosthetic valve conduits.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:43:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raysa Frankievicz.pdf: 2669303 bytes, checksum: 9e7cf92368c675d33a730546ebb1fccc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-13 / Due to environments problems caused by synthetic plastic, there is currently a search for replacing these materials with biodegradable materials. The study related to composites and nanocomposites formed from biodegradable materials and synthetic matrices has increased last years, and it has shown that these materials are very promising respect to biodegradation processes, besides presenting better properties than their pure components. In this work, it has been emphasized the production of nanofibers bacterial cellulose composite in a polypropylene matrix. The production of nanofibers from bacterial cellulose (BC) has been made in colloid mill. The material has been processed in a twin screw extruder in proportions of 1 %, 3% and 5% (w/w) of bacterial cellulose and coupling agent has been used as graphitized PP with maleic anhydride. The samples have been characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), rheological characterization, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), colorimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tensile strength and impact. The TGA results have shown a single stage of mass loss for all samples, and thermal stability increase with filler concentration increase, which can be associated with the fiber-matrix interactions. In the XRD results, the PP has showed only the α phase remaining in the samples containing CB. In the rheological analysis, the complex viscosity has been maintained for samples containing 1% and 3% CB and pure PP, decreasing only for the 5% CB. In additional, It has been observed an enlargement of the molar mass distribution through a tendency reduction in the intersection point of G' and G". In the tensile strength, the elastic modulus has not undergone significant changes, the yield stress has decreased according to the load increasing, however it there have been significant changes with the load concentration increment. The impact strength has decreased for all samples with CB compared to pure PP. The microscopy has showed a good adhesion between fiber and matrix with bacterial cellulose clusters formation. By colorimetry process, it has been found caramelization of bacterial cellulose during the process of extrusion and injection, which causes browning of the samples. / Devido aos problemas ambientes causados pelos plásticos sintéticos, existe atualmente uma busca pela substituição desses materiais por materiais biodegradáveis. O estudo em relação a compósitos e nanocompósitos formados por materiais biodegradáveis e matrizes sintéticas vem crescendo nos últimos anos. Tem-se demostrado que esses materiais são muito promissores em relação aos processos de biodegradação, além de apresentarem propriedades melhores do que seus componentes puros. Neste trabalho foi visada a produção de um compósito com celulose bacteriana nanofibrilada em uma matriz de polipropileno. A produção das nanofibras de celulose bacteriana (CB) foi realizada em moinho coloidal. O material foi processado em extrusora dupla rosca nas proporções de 1%, 3% e 5% (p/p) de celulose bacteriana e como agente compatibilizante foi utilizado PP grafitizado com anidrido maleico. As amostras foram caracterizadas por análise termogravimétrica (TGA), difratometria de raio-x (DRX), espectroscopia de infravermelho (FTIR), análise reológica, resistência a tração e impacto, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e colorimetria. Os resultados de TGA demostraram um único estágio de perda de massa para todas as amostras, e um aumento da estabilidade térmica conforme aumenta a concentração de carga, que pode estar associado com as interações fibra-matriz. Nos resultados de raio-x o PP apresentou apenas a fase α, mantendo-se para as amostras contendo CB. Nas análises reológicas, a viscosidade complexa manteve-se para as amostras de 1% e 3% de CB e para o PP puro, diminuindo apenas para a amostra com 5% de CB. Também observou-se um alargamento da distribuição da massa molar através de uma tendência na redução do ponto de cruzamento de G’ e G”. Na resistência à tração, o módulo elástico não sofreu alterações significativas, a tensão de escoamento reduziu com a inserção de carga, porém, não houve variação significativas com o aumento da concentração da carga. A resistência ao impacto reduziu para todas as amostras contendo celulose bacteriana em relação ao PP puro. A microscopia revelou uma boa adesão entre a fibra e a matriz com a formação de aglomerados de celulose bacteriana. Através da colorimetria verificou-se o processo de caramelização da celulose bacteriana durante o processo de extrusão e injeção, o que provoca o escurecimento das amostras.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / A celulose bacteriana (CB) desperta grande interesse por parte dos pesquisadores por apresentar estrutura nanomÃtrica, alto Ãndice de cristalinidade, alta porosidade, biocompatibilidade e elevado potencial tecnolÃgico. Diversas fontes de carbono alternativas tÃm sido estudadas para a produÃÃo de CB obtendo-se resultados satisfatÃrios quando compara-se com mÃtodos tradicionais que utilizam meio sintÃticos. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em avaliar a produÃÃo de CB utilizando fontes agroindustriais (lÃquido de sisal e suco de caju) como substrato, no cultivo de Gluconacetobacter hansenii ATCC 23769 sob condiÃÃes estÃticas. Para tal, avaliou-se o efeito da concentraÃÃo de aÃÃcares, pH e suplementaÃÃo do meio com fontes de nitrogÃnio na produÃÃo de CB. Avaliou-se tambÃm a eficiÃncia da purificaÃÃo e o grau de cristalinidade da CB obtida. A maior produÃÃo de CB foi obtida apÃs cultivo da bactÃria por 10 dias utilizando meio obtido atravÃs da diluiÃÃo do lÃquido de sisal para 15 g/L de aÃÃcares, com ajuste de pH em 5 e suplementaÃÃo do meio com 7,5 g/L de extrato de levedura. Para o suco de caju a maior produÃÃo obtida foi de 0,34 g/L, apÃs 5 dias de cultivo e com meio ajustado para 50 g/L de aÃÃcares. Quanto Ãs caracterizaÃÃes tÃrmicas (TGA e DSC), Raio X e FTIR, a CB obtida a partir do lÃquido do sisal apresenta perfis semelhantes à CB obtida em meio padrÃo. Conclui-se que o lÃquido do sisal à o substrato mais promissor para a produÃÃo de CB. / Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an interesting biomaterial for researchers because it presents structure in nanoscale dimensions, high crystallinity degree, high porosity, biocompatibility, and high technological potential. Alternative carbon sources have been studied to replace traditional synthetic medium as a substrate for BC production, achieving satisfactory results. The aim of this work was to evaluate BC production using agro-industrial sources (sisal juice and cashew apple juice) as substrates in Gluconacetobacter hansenii ATCC 23769 cultivation under static conditions. The effects of sugars concentration, pH, and nitrogen sources supplementation were evaluated on the BC yield production. The efficiency of the BC purification process and the crystallinity degree of BC were also evaluated. The higher yield of BC was obtained after 10 days of cultivation in the medium based on sisal juice with the following parameters: 15 g/L of sugars, pH 5, and nitrogen supplementation with 7.5 g/L of yeast extract. When use cashew apple juice, the higher yield of BC was obtained after 5 days of cultivation in the medium with 50 g/L of sugars. The BC from the sisal juice medium presented similar TG, DSC, XRD, and FTIR characteristics to the BC from the standard medium. Thus, the sisal juice is a suitable substrate for BC production.

Probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer one or more health benefits on the host. Different processing conditions, the acidic condition of the stomach and exposure to hydrolytic enzymes affect the viability and efficacy of probiotic organisms. This study investigated the protective effects of two biopolymers poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) on probiotics during freeze drying and during exposure to simulated intestinal juices and bile salts. The antibacterial property of Bifidobacterium strains was also investigated against four pathogenic bacteria. γ-PGA, a naturally occurring biopolymer was produced by two bacteria (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 15245 and B. licheniformis ATCC 9945a) in GS and E media, γ-PGA yields of about 14.11g/l were achieved in shake flasks and molecular weight of up to 1620 k Da was recorded, γ-PGA production was scaled up in a fermenter with B. subtilis using GS medium. BC, an edible biopolymer was produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus ATCC 23770 in HS medium and a modified HS (MHS) medium. A yield of about 1.37g/l was recorded and BC production with MHS medium was used for probiotic application. B. longum NCIMB 8809 B. breve NCIMB 8807 and B. animalis NCIMB 702716 showed the best antimicrobial properties against the investigated pathogens. Survival of Bifidobacterium strains was improved when protected with powdered BC (PBC) although γ-PGA offered better protection than PBC. Viability of B. longum NCIMB 8809, B. breve NCIMB 8807 and B. animalis NCIMB 702716 in simulated gastric juice (SGJ) and simulated intestinal juice with bile salts was improved when protected with 5% γ-PGA and 5% γ-PGA+PBC with a reduction of < 1 Log CFU/ml while a reduction of ≤2 Log CFU/ml was recorded in PBC protected cells. Protecting Bifidobacterium strains with γ-PGA, PBC or a novel γ-PGA + PBC combination is a promising method to deliver probiotic bacteria to the target site in order to confer their health benefits on the host.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:24:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barud_hs_dr_araiq.pdf: 3654254 bytes, checksum: b5905a0e972f7b5cc24710cf4e824b3d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta tese apresenta a preparação e caracterização de novos materiais multifuncionais baseados em celulose produzida pela bactéria Gluconacetobacter xylinus. A celulose bacteriana (CB) possui fórmula molecular idêntica a celulose de plantas (CP) e apresenta uma estrutura de nanofios de celulose dispostos numa rêde tridimensional. Membranas hidratadas ou sêcas foram utilizadas para a preparação de materiais híbridos orgânico-inorgânicos (HOIs) opticamente transparentes baseados em CB e no sistema Bohemita-3-glicidiloxipropiltrimetoxisilano (Boe-GPTS), que foram caracterizados quanto as suas propriedades ópticas, estruturais e mecânicas. Dependendo da utilização de membranas de CB sêcas ou hidratadas obtém-se híbridos com características diferentes. No caso das membranas sêcas observou-se uma redução nos valores de resistência a tração e módulo de Young quando comparado as membranas de CB (112,5 MPa e 12,5 GPa) para (50,5 MPa e 2,8 GPa). Por outro lado a utilização de membranas de CB hidratadas leva a materiais mostrando acréscimo na resistência a tração (116 MPa) e no módulo de Young e (13,7 GPa). As membranas de CB e os novos híbridos foram utilizados como substratos para a preparação de dispositivos flexíveis de emissão de luz, FOLEDs (Flexible Organic Light Emitting Diodes). Os substratos foram recobertos com um filme fino de silica e um filme de ITO. Os FOLEDs foram então obtidos pela deposição de filmes orgânicos por evaporação térmica, na seguinte seqüência: ftalocianina de cobre (CuPC)/ N,N’-difenil-N,N’-bis(1-naftil) (1,1’bifenil)- 4,4’diamina (NPB)/ tris(8-hidroxiquinolina) alumínio (Alq3). Por último foi depositado o contato de alumínio. O FOLED apresentou luminância máxima de (2400 cd/m2 ), resultados similares aos obtidos para o OLED sobre vidro, com as vantagens de flexíbilidade e biocompatibilidade.... / This thesis presents the preparation and characterization of new multifunctional materials based on cellulose produced by bacteria Gluconacetobacter xylinus. Bacterial cellulose (BC) shows molecular formula identical to plant cellulose (PC) and a three-dimensional cellulose nanowires network. Hydrated or dried membranes were utilized for the preparation of the optically transparent organic-inorganic hybrid (OIH) based on BC and Bohemite-3- glycidoxipropyltrimethoxisilane (Boe-GPTS) systems. Theses samples were optically, structurally and mechanically characterized. Different materials characteristics were observed depending on the utilization of dried or hydrated BC membranes precursors. Dried membranes lead to lower values for tensile and Young’s Modulus comparing with pure BC (112. MPa and 12.5 GPa) for (50.5 MPa and 2.8 GPa). Hydrated prcurosor lead to materials presenting an increase in tensile strength (116 MPa) and Young's modulus (13.7 GPa). BC membranes and the new hybrids were utilized as substrate for preparation of flexible displays emitting light, FOLEDs (Flexible Organic Light Emitting Diodes). The substrates were coated with thin films of silica and ITO. FOLEDs were obtained by thermal evaporation, in the following sequence: copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) /(N,N΄-bis(1- naphtyl)-N,N΄-diphenyl-1,1´-biphenyl-4,4´-diamine) (NPB) /tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum and the aluminum contact. The total maximum luminance values for the FOLED was 2400 (cd/m2 ), which is comparable with a glass OLED prepared with similar characteristics. Photocromic hybrids were prepared by the incorporation of phosphotungstic acid (H3PW12O40) in BC membranes. The BC/PWA OIHs were characterized by vibrational spectroscopies (Raman scattering and infrared absorption), electron microscopy and thermal analysis. In order to elucidate the photochromic phenomena electronic spectroscopy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:58:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 salvi_dtb_me_araiq.pdf: 8254301 bytes, checksum: 206fba452475ee19cd840bec61eb7015 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta dissertação apresenta a preparação e caracterização de membranas condutoras iônicas baseadas em celulose produzida pela bactéria Gluconacetobacter xylinus. Estas membranas foram preparadas a partir da imersão de membranas de celulose bacteriana (CB) em soluções aquosas de ácidos (ácido acético e ácido trifluoroacético) e/ou plastificantes (trietanolamina e glicerol). Estrutura e perfil térmico destas membranas condutoras foram investigados por difração de raios X (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), termogravimetria (TG), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), espectroscopia vibracional na região do infravermelho (FTIR) e espectroscopia de espalhamento Raman. As propriedades elétricas foram avaliadas utilizando-se espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE). As análises de DRX mostram o aumento de plastificante diminui a cristalinidade das amostras, cujo recobrimento das microfibrilas pelo plastificante pode ser visualizado por análise de MEV, e os valores de condutividade iônica obtidos são maiores em comparação aos da CB seca. A condutividade na membrana é dependente do conteúdo de umidade e o plastificante age impedindo a desidratação da membrana. Foi observado também que combinações de ácido e plastificante resultaram em membranas com maiores condutividades do que aquelas em que houve apenas adição do plastificante, uma vez que a adição de ácidos pode aumentar a condutividade protônica / This dissertation presents the preparation and characterization of ionic conducting membranes based on cellulose produced by bacteria Gluconacetobacter xylinus. These membranes have been prepared from bacterial cellulose membranes (BC) soaked in acids (acetic and trifluoroacetic acids) and/or plasticizer (triethanolamine and glycerol) aqueous solutions. The structure and thermal behavior of the conducting membranes were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorymetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Electrical properties were performed utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). From XRD analyses the amorphous phase becomes larger after increasing the amount of plasticizer that covers the cellulose microfibrils as revealed by SEM, and the obtained conductivity values were high in comparison to dried BC. The conductivity in the membrane is dependent on the moisture content and the plasticizer acts avoiding complete membrane dryness. It was also observed that the combination of acid and plasticizer resulted in membranes with higher ionic conductivity than plasticized ones, once the addition of acids may improve protonic conductivity

Orientador: Sidney José Lima Ribeiro / Resumo: A celulose bacteriana obtida pela cultura de Acetobacter xylinum apresenta alta massa molecular e alta cristalinidade quando comparada à celulose vegetal. Devido à auto-organização, microcristalinidade e estrutura tridimensional tem gerado um grande número de produtos comerciais. Eles incluem membranas para autofalantes e fones de ouvido, Biofill® (usado como pele artificial), fibras dietéticas ("nata-de-coco"), membranas para celas de combustível, e outros . Nesse trabalho, novos compósitos celulose/fosfato de sódio e celulose bacteriana/sílica foram preparados a partir de celulose bacteriana. Para os compósitos celulose/polifosfato de sódio, a difratometria de raios X apresentou contribuição das fases Ia e Iß da celulose e de fosfato recobrindo as fibras da estrutura da celulose. Alterações nas propriedades mecânicas e térmicas foram evidenciadas através das análises térmicas e mecânicas. Compósitos de celulose bacteriana e sílica foram preparados pela hidrólise de tetraetoxisilano (TEOS) na presença da celulose. Observou-se o depósito de nanopartículas de sílica sobre as microfibrilas de celulose. A presença de fase inorgânica contribui para a melhora das estabilidades térmicas e mecânicas da celulose bacteriana. / Abstract: Bacterial cellulose obtained from cultures of Acetobacter xylinum presents higher molecular weight and higher crystallinity than plant cellulose. The selfassembled, microcrystalline and three dimensional network structures have lead to a number of commercial products. These include headphone membranes, paper, Biofill® (to be used as a temporary skin substitute), dietary fiber ("nata-de-coco"), fuel cells, and others 2. In this work, new composites based on bacterial cellulose/sodium phosphate and bacterial cellulose/silica were prepared. In the bacterial cellulose/polyphosphate composite DRX analyses presents Ia and Iß cellulose phases and adsorbed phosphate covering the cellulose microfibrils. Important changes in mechanical and thermal properties were evidenced for thermal and mechanics analyses. Composites on bacterial cellulose and silica were prepared from the hydrolysis/condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) on the cellulose microfibrils. The inorganic phase improves cellulose thermal stability and mechanical properties. / Mestre

Orientador: Sidney José Lima Ribeiro / Banca: Wilton Rogério Lustri / Banca: Agnieszka Joanna Pawlicka Maule / Banca: Rosana Maria Nascimento de Assunção / Banca: Marco Cremona / Resumo: Esta tese apresenta a preparação e caracterização de novos materiais multifuncionais baseados em celulose produzida pela bactéria Gluconacetobacter xylinus. A celulose bacteriana (CB) possui fórmula molecular idêntica a celulose de plantas (CP) e apresenta uma estrutura de nanofios de celulose dispostos numa rêde tridimensional. Membranas hidratadas ou sêcas foram utilizadas para a preparação de materiais híbridos orgânico-inorgânicos (HOIs) opticamente transparentes baseados em CB e no sistema Bohemita-3-glicidiloxipropiltrimetoxisilano (Boe-GPTS), que foram caracterizados quanto as suas propriedades ópticas, estruturais e mecânicas. Dependendo da utilização de membranas de CB sêcas ou hidratadas obtém-se híbridos com características diferentes. No caso das membranas sêcas observou-se uma redução nos valores de resistência a tração e módulo de Young quando comparado as membranas de CB (112,5 MPa e 12,5 GPa) para (50,5 MPa e 2,8 GPa). Por outro lado a utilização de membranas de CB hidratadas leva a materiais mostrando acréscimo na resistência a tração (116 MPa) e no módulo de Young e (13,7 GPa). As membranas de CB e os novos híbridos foram utilizados como substratos para a preparação de dispositivos flexíveis de emissão de luz, FOLEDs (Flexible Organic Light Emitting Diodes). Os substratos foram recobertos com um filme fino de silica e um filme de ITO. Os FOLEDs foram então obtidos pela deposição de filmes orgânicos por evaporação térmica, na seguinte seqüência: ftalocianina de cobre (CuPC)/ N,N'-difenil-N,N'-bis(1-naftil) (1,1'bifenil)- 4,4'diamina (NPB)/ tris(8-hidroxiquinolina) alumínio (Alq3). Por último foi depositado o contato de alumínio. O FOLED apresentou luminância máxima de (2400 cd/m2 ), resultados similares aos obtidos para o OLED sobre vidro, com as vantagens de flexíbilidade e biocompatibilidade .... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This thesis presents the preparation and characterization of new multifunctional materials based on cellulose produced by bacteria Gluconacetobacter xylinus. Bacterial cellulose (BC) shows molecular formula identical to plant cellulose (PC) and a three-dimensional cellulose nanowires network. Hydrated or dried membranes were utilized for the preparation of the optically transparent organic-inorganic hybrid (OIH) based on BC and Bohemite-3- glycidoxipropyltrimethoxisilane (Boe-GPTS) systems. Theses samples were optically, structurally and mechanically characterized. Different materials characteristics were observed depending on the utilization of dried or hydrated BC membranes precursors. Dried membranes lead to lower values for tensile and Young's Modulus comparing with pure BC (112. MPa and 12.5 GPa) for (50.5 MPa and 2.8 GPa). Hydrated prcurosor lead to materials presenting an increase in tensile strength (116 MPa) and Young's modulus (13.7 GPa). BC membranes and the new hybrids were utilized as substrate for preparation of flexible displays emitting light, FOLEDs (Flexible Organic Light Emitting Diodes). The substrates were coated with thin films of silica and ITO. FOLEDs were obtained by thermal evaporation, in the following sequence: copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) /(N,N΄-bis(1- naphtyl)-N,N΄-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine) (NPB) /tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum and the aluminum contact. The total maximum luminance values for the FOLED was 2400 (cd/m2 ), which is comparable with a glass OLED prepared with similar characteristics. Photocromic hybrids were prepared by the incorporation of phosphotungstic acid (H3PW12O40) in BC membranes. The BC/PWA OIHs were characterized by vibrational spectroscopies (Raman scattering and infrared absorption), electron microscopy and thermal analysis. In order to elucidate the photochromic phenomena electronic spectroscopy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor