Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--Bremen.

Magistro darbo tyrimo tema – Verslo vadybos tobulinimas geležinkelių sistemos Lietuvoje pavyzdžiu. Baigiamojo darbo teorinėje dalyje išnagrinėta naujosios vadybos teoriniai požiūriai ir organizacijos strateginis valdymas. Aprašyta socialinių sistemų vadybos teorija, empirinė vadybos teorija, strateginio valdymo procesai ir jį veikiančios išorinės aplinkos analizė. Praktinėje baigiamojo darbo dalyje nagrinėjama projekto „Rail Baltica“ plėtros ir įgyvendinimo galimybės Baltijos valstybėse, projekto tobulinimo ir įgyvendinimo problemos, geležinkelių sistemos tobulinimo sąnaudos. Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kaip AB „Lietuvos Geležinkeliai“, Šiaulių filialo darbuotojai supranta Rail Baltica plėtros poreikį ir galimybes, taip pat išsiaiškinta kaip darbuotojai suvokia pasikeitimus įdiegus Rail Baltica projektą. Magistro darbe noriu parodyti koks svarbus Rail Baltica projektas, kokios naudos turės Baltijos valstybės, pasikeitus krovinių ir keleivių pervežimui, kiek bus sutaupoma laiko ir finansinių išteklių, taip pat, kaip AB „Lietuvos Geležinkeliai“, Šiaulių filialo darbuotojai suvokia Rail Baltica svarbą. / The theme for this paper work is the management development according to the standard of Lithuanian Railway system. In the theoretical part of this concluding work the new theoretical viewpoints of the management and strategic administration of the organization was analyzed. The theory of the social systems of the management was described also as empirical theory of the management, the processes of strategical administration and the influence of the external environment to it. In the practical part of this concluding work the developmental project of “Rail Baltica” and its realization possibilities in the Baltic States was analyzed also as the improvement and its implementation problems, Railway system development outlay. While this research took place it was observed how the personnel of “Lietuvos Geležinkeliai” see the need of the development of Rail Baltica, its possibilities as well as how do they comprehend changes that will begin when the project of Rail Baltica will be implemented. In this paper the importance of the Rail Baltica project was shown as well as the benefit that Baltic States will get when transit of goods and passengers will change, the savings will increase in time and finance. This paper work also shows how the employees of “Lietuvos Geležinkeliai” perceive the importance of the Rail Baltica.

La fin de l’Ordovicien (Hirnantien) est une période charnière de la vie sur Terre. Un ensemble de bouleversements environnementaux, symbolisés par le développement de grandes calottes polaires au Nord-Gondwana, s’accompagne de la première des 'Cinq Grandes Crises Biologiques' du Phanérozoïque. Une révision de la littérature montre que la corrélation directe des évènements biologiques et climatiques avec la base de l'Hirnantien est le résultat de données approximatives. Les dynamiques du microphytoplancton (acritarches) sont alors étudiées au cours de la transition Ordovicien-Silurien. Les données palynologiques publiées, obtenues par analyses de localités de hautes latitudes (Gondwana), sont complétées par l'analyse taxinomique détaillée de 136 échantillons de plateformes carbonatées de faibles latitudes de Laurentia (Île d’Anticosti, Québec) et Baltica (Valga, Estonie). 82 espèces d'acritarches identifiées dans les sections d’Anticosti (52 à Valga) permettent d'établir une nouvelle charte de corrélations biostratigraphiques au sein du bassin d’Anticosti. D'autre part, la répartition paléogéographique du phytoplancton démontre l’existence de deux provinces latitudinales hirnantiennes distinctes (laurentienne/baltique et gondwanienne), expliquant ainsi les difficultés à établir un scénario précis de la crise. Enfin, une dynamique du phytoplancton au sein de ces deux provinces est décrite lors de deux phases glaciaires. La première phase enregistre un « turn-over » des populations concomitant d'une excursion positive des isotopes du carbone. La seconde, plus forte, accompagnée d'une seconde excursion plus marquée, se caractérise par une dynamique de crise avec disparition de nombreux taxa. / The Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) is a transition period in the history of life. Deep environmental perturbations, including the development of a large icecap on North-Gondwana, are marked by the first of the “Big Five Extinctions” of the Phanerozoic. A detailed review of literature data shows that direct correlations between biological and climatic events and the base of the Hirnantian Stage are based on many approximations. Microphytoplankton (acritarchs) biostratigraphy and dynamics across the Ordovician-Silurian boundary are thereafter studied. Published palynological data resulting from the study of high latitudes (Gondwana) localities are completed by a detailed taxonomical analysis of 136 rock samples of low latitude carbonate platforms from Laurentia (Anticosti Island, Québec) and Baltica (Valga, Estonia). Eighty-two acritarch species identified in the Anticosti sections, and 52 from the Valga borehole permit to establish a new biostratigraphic correlative chart in the Anticosti Basin. Moreover, the phytoplankton palaeogeographical distribution shows the existence of two distinct Hirnantian latitudinal phytoplanctonic provinces (Laurentian/Baltic and Gondwanan), accounting for the difficulties to establish a precise scenario of the crisis at a global scale. Finally, phytoplankton dynamics are described in the two regions during two glacial phases. The first one records a turn-over in populations concomitantly to a positive carbon isotope excursion. The second one, larger and paired with a second stronger excursion, is characterized by a crisis marked by the disappearances of numerous taxa.

Les bactéries Planctomycetes sont des bactéries qui ne possèdent pas de peptidoglycane dans leur paroi cellulaire, se reproduisent par bourgeonnement et présentent une compartimentalisation intracellulaire. Malgré quelques études rapportant la présence d'ADN de bactéries Planctomycetes au sein des microbiomes cutanées et intestinaux, les relations existantes entre l'Homme et ces bactéries n'étaient pas encore spécifiquement explorées. L'objectif de cette étude était donc d'explorer cette relation par la détection et l'isolement de bactéries Planctomycetes chez l'Homme. De nouveaux outils basés sur le gène de l'ARNr 16S ont été spécifiquement développés pour la détection des Planctomycetes. Ils ont permis de montrer que l'ADN des bactéries Planctomycetes était présent au sein du microbiome intestinal humain avec une prévalence variant de 0,4 à 1,8%. De plus, une importante diversité a été observée au sein des microbiomes avec une majorité d'organismes proche du genre Gemmata. Ces mêmes outils ont été utilisés lors de dépistage de sérum de patient aplasique fébrile. Sur 100 sérums de patients testés, deux sérums ont donné des résultats positifs. Une entité clinique a pu être identifiée incluant leucémie aigüe myéloïde, fièvre, éruptions cutanées, diarrhées, pneumonies micronodulaires et colites neutropéniques. De nouveaux outils ont également été testés et développés pour faciliter l'isolement et l'identification des bactéries Planctomycetes. La possibilité d'isoler par coculture avec les amibes a été ainsi évaluée. Ces tests ont cependant montré leur inefficacité. En effet, les cinq espèces de Planctomycetes testées ont été phagocytées et lysées après 17h d'incubation. / Planctomycetes are peptidoglycan-less bacteria with budding reproduction and intracellular compartmentation. Despite some study reporting Planctomycetes DNA presence in intestinal and cutaneous microbiome, relationship between Human and these bacteria were not specifically explored. The objective of this study was therefore to explore this relationship by detection and isolation of Planctomycetes bacteria in Human. New 16S rRNA gene-based tools were specifically developed for the Planctomycetes detection. They showed that Planctomycetes DNA was present in the Human intestinal microbiome with 0.4 to 1.8% prevalence. Moreover, an important diversity was observed in microbiomes with a majority of organisms closed to the Gemmata genus. Same tools were used during a febrile aplasic patients' blood screening and 2% (2/100) samples were positive. A clinic entity was identified including acute myeloid leukemia, fever, rash, diarrhea, micronodular pneumonia and neutropenic colitis. New tools were also developed to facilitate the isolation and identification of Planctomycetes. The possibility to isolate by coculture with amoeba was evaluated. These tests showed the inefficiency of this method. Indeed, the five Planctomycetes species tested where phagocyted and lysed after 17H of incubation. Antibiotic sensibility profile was also determined. Planctomycetes bacteria showed an important antibiotic resistance, offering interesting selection tools. Due to expensive, laborious and time consuming characteristic of 16S rRNA gene-based identification, a new tool was developed.

An investigation to determine the factors responsible for the distribution of a population of Maaoma balthica (L.) on a mudflat receiving sewage effluent was carried out in the Fraser River estuary of British Columbia. The factors examined were those suggested by previous studies to be controlling the distribution of the macro-invertebrate community. They included reduced salinity, low levels of dissolved oxygen, effluent toxicity, toxicity due to chlorination, substrate grain size, and the effects of metal contaminated sediments. Results of the study showed that salinity, dissolved oxygen levels and sediment grain size did not satisfactorily explain the distribution of M. balthica. Both unchlorinated and chlorinated sewage effluent were shown to be non-toxic to the clam in laboratory tests, and these results were confirmed by 7 day in situ bioassays. The factor which appeared to be responsible for the distribution of M. balthica was the degree of contamination of the substrate which affected the settling and survival of larval and juvenile clams. Heavy metals occurred in high concentrations in the contaminated sediments and were considered to be the most likely controlling factor. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

<p>The North Kara Terrane (NKT), with Severnaya Zemlya as its main outcrop area, constitutes the Palaeozoic and older rocks of the northern part of the Kara Shelf. Potential field data suggest a continuation into the eastern Barents Shelf. Several lines of evidence imply that the NKT was a part of Baltica at least during the latter part of the Neoproterozoic, and probably was influenced by Timanian orogeny.</p><p>The Timanide type area is characterised by metaturbidites from the pre-Timanian passive margin of the East European Craton (EEC). Regional amphibolite facies metamorphism, as exposed on Kanin Peninsula, was probably followed by near-isothermal decompression. It is inferred that these conditions were reached by depression beneath the accreted outboard terranes. Subsequently, the metaturbidites were thrust into their present position onto the EEC’s pericratonic unmetamorphosed shelf sediments. The thrusting was accompanied by rapid exhumation. About 560 Ma late-orogenic granites intrude the Timanian accreted terranes.</p><p>On Severnaya Zemlya, Neoproterozoic turbidites, containing ca. 560 Ma zircons, are overlain by shelf deposits, which dominate the Palaeozoic until the end of the Silurian. The succession is interrupted by the regional Kan’on (canyon) River Unconformity and probably by a late Neoproterozoic unconformity. New U-Th-Pb ion-microprobe isotope-ages on volcanics and faunal evidence imply that the Kan'on River Unconformity developed in a short time span around the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary. Other isotope-ages demonstrate that intense igneous activity, which has been inferred to be related to rifting within the NKT, extended into the Arenig and was contemporaneous with the development of Baltica’s northeastern passive margin. Zircon xenocrysts (ca. 540 - 580 Ma) in these igneous rocks indicate a Timanian component in the crust below the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago. In the latest Silurian, Old Red Sandstone facies sedimentation began with the migration of an inferred Caledonian foreland basin into the area of Severnaya Zemlya. The Caledonian deformation front overrode the area in the latest Devonian or earliest Carboniferous.</p><p>The inferred late Caledonian deformation terminated, according to biostratigraphy and new isotope-ages from Bol'shevik Island granites, before the end of the Visean (ca. 345 Ma). Thus, the Uralian collision between the NKT and Siberia (ca. 300 Ma) apparently did not affect the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago.</p>

The North Kara Terrane (NKT), with Severnaya Zemlya as its main outcrop area, constitutes the Palaeozoic and older rocks of the northern part of the Kara Shelf. Potential field data suggest a continuation into the eastern Barents Shelf. Several lines of evidence imply that the NKT was a part of Baltica at least during the latter part of the Neoproterozoic, and probably was influenced by Timanian orogeny. The Timanide type area is characterised by metaturbidites from the pre-Timanian passive margin of the East European Craton (EEC). Regional amphibolite facies metamorphism, as exposed on Kanin Peninsula, was probably followed by near-isothermal decompression. It is inferred that these conditions were reached by depression beneath the accreted outboard terranes. Subsequently, the metaturbidites were thrust into their present position onto the EEC’s pericratonic unmetamorphosed shelf sediments. The thrusting was accompanied by rapid exhumation. About 560 Ma late-orogenic granites intrude the Timanian accreted terranes. On Severnaya Zemlya, Neoproterozoic turbidites, containing ca. 560 Ma zircons, are overlain by shelf deposits, which dominate the Palaeozoic until the end of the Silurian. The succession is interrupted by the regional Kan’on (canyon) River Unconformity and probably by a late Neoproterozoic unconformity. New U-Th-Pb ion-microprobe isotope-ages on volcanics and faunal evidence imply that the Kan'on River Unconformity developed in a short time span around the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary. Other isotope-ages demonstrate that intense igneous activity, which has been inferred to be related to rifting within the NKT, extended into the Arenig and was contemporaneous with the development of Baltica’s northeastern passive margin. Zircon xenocrysts (ca. 540 - 580 Ma) in these igneous rocks indicate a Timanian component in the crust below the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago. In the latest Silurian, Old Red Sandstone facies sedimentation began with the migration of an inferred Caledonian foreland basin into the area of Severnaya Zemlya. The Caledonian deformation front overrode the area in the latest Devonian or earliest Carboniferous. The inferred late Caledonian deformation terminated, according to biostratigraphy and new isotope-ages from Bol'shevik Island granites, before the end of the Visean (ca. 345 Ma). Thus, the Uralian collision between the NKT and Siberia (ca. 300 Ma) apparently did not affect the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago.

No description available.

Road transport is most commonly used out of other modes in terms of freight and passenger transportation on local and regional levels. For European citizens it is a primary mean of their access to services, social activities and employment. The scope of road infrastructure differs in some regions. The major disparity appears when the East of Europe is compared with the West. Actions to link periphery with the core of Europe are being continuously performed, what in this case represents itself in constructing Pan-European Transport Corridors, which will contribute to the connection of the whole territory of Europe. The Via Baltica, chosen as a case for this thesis, is a route to connect Helsinki, Tallinn, Riga, Kaunas, Budzisko and Warsaw. It is the common initiative of Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia and Poland. In addition, it is to be an express road and part of the I Pan-European Transport Corridor, which is going to connect Baltic countries with the West and South part of Europe. We focus on presenting how the Via Baltica is introduced in official documents and compare it with the process in practice. Our final goal is to assess the planning process of the Via Baltica route in Poland according to top down planning approaches and sustainability criteria. We are trying to find out what are the advantages and disadvantages of the ongoing process. After introducing results of the analysis made for the Via Baltica by Polish experts, we present how stakeholders and local authorities try to reinforce the process, regardless of environmental issues, to achieve economic and social profits. As the result we try find out how are the dimensions of sustainable development handled in the Via Baltica case in Poland. The conclusions are based on our findings concerning several conflicts which appeared during the planning process. They are also based on one-dimension as well as multi-criteria analyses. / angelikakowalczyk@o2.pl monika.m.kustra@gmail.com

This dissertation thesis is a summary of five studies published in peer- reviewed, impacted scientific journals. All of the publications are taxonomic revisions of previously unknown or little known collections of fossil cephalopods from the Early Paleozoic strata of Bohemia, Estonia and Sweden. Paleogeogra- phical and stratigraphical distributions of the respective taxa were summarized, refined and compared with contemporary fossil assemblages known from other regions. Implications on the paleoecology of the cephalopods and original envi- ronmental conditions were made. The text of the thesis is divided into three main parts. In the first part, the morphology of cephalopods is explained, stressing out the most important diagnostic characters used for their descriptions. The current systematics of the Cephalopoda is overviewed and the main cephalopod groups during the Ordovician are briefly introduced. The second part of the thesis describes the geological development and settings of the regions, from which the studied fossil cephalopods originate. The third and final part of the thesis provides a discussion and interpretation of the results of the published studies in the context of the previously published research. The genus Bactroceras Holm, 1898 and some members of the order Litui- tida were studied...