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In Nepal, the harsh mountainous topography hinders a viable transport infrastructure, including roads, making trails and mule tracks the only available option for a majority of the population. This isolates communities and compels them to face an exhausting, time consuming and often dangerous journey to get their agricultural products to the nearest markets. This study investigates the potential of gravity goods ropeway as a viable means of transportation to serve these isolated communities. This research looks at Hiklung village to explore the significance of gravity good ropeways in linking farmers to markets, its socio-economic impact, and its effectiveness in improving food security and livelihoods of project beneficiaries. The findings of this study, based on participant observation and interactions with project beneficiaries, suggest that an alternative means of transportation like gravity goods ropeway can be a sustainable transport solution to these isolated communities and increase their participation in the local economy.

<p>The aim of this paper is to discuss the impediments to adopting sustainabletransportation in developing countries using tricycles in Nigeria as a case study.Two Executives of Chongqing Beyond Company in China, Marketing Managerof Kayemel Tricycle in India, Brand Manager of keke POeT, the chairman ofTricycle Association, Idewu Routes, the chairman of Tricycle Association,Liverpool Routes and a member of Transport Committee, Obafemi AwolowoUniversity (OAU) were interviewed. Data was also gathered throughquestionnaires for a total of fifteen drivers of different tricycle types on differentroute and a total of twenty passengers picked at random from Idewu Route,Liverpool Route and OAU campus.It was discovered under the lenses of relevant Green Marketing literature thatthe data supports some theoretical findings in their respective fields but alsocounters some other theoretic findings. It came to the conclusion that concept ofdominant demand, commercial stakeholders’ cooperation and effective qualityprogram advocated by some of the green marketing literature are very effectivemarketing tactics in the success of green tricycles adoption in Nigeria.</p>

The aim of this paper is to discuss the impediments to adopting sustainabletransportation in developing countries using tricycles in Nigeria as a case study.Two Executives of Chongqing Beyond Company in China, Marketing Managerof Kayemel Tricycle in India, Brand Manager of keke POeT, the chairman ofTricycle Association, Idewu Routes, the chairman of Tricycle Association,Liverpool Routes and a member of Transport Committee, Obafemi AwolowoUniversity (OAU) were interviewed. Data was also gathered throughquestionnaires for a total of fifteen drivers of different tricycle types on differentroute and a total of twenty passengers picked at random from Idewu Route,Liverpool Route and OAU campus.It was discovered under the lenses of relevant Green Marketing literature thatthe data supports some theoretical findings in their respective fields but alsocounters some other theoretic findings. It came to the conclusion that concept ofdominant demand, commercial stakeholders’ cooperation and effective qualityprogram advocated by some of the green marketing literature are very effectivemarketing tactics in the success of green tricycles adoption in Nigeria.

Actualmente, la ciudad de Lima se encuentra atravesando un grave problema en cuanto a la congestión vehícular. Por lo que, los habitantes que suelen movilizarse en distritos de alto flujo de vehículos se encuentran en búsqueda de formatos eficientes de transporte donde gasten menos cantidad de tiempo en llegar a sus destinos y, a su vez, sean económicos. Por ello, las empresas y los municipios inician su curso con la adaptación de una nueva modalidad de transporte que ingresa al mercado de Lima bajo la categoría de transporte eléctrico de alquiler y se opera mediante scooters eléctricos. Adicionalmente, el interés por las cuestiones ambientales en la ciudad ha aumentado a medida que los consumidores han optado por tomar decisiones cada vez más conscientes al momento de la compra. Por lo que, un modo de transporte que no emite emisiones de CO2 es atractivo para ellos. Sin embargo, la elección de las pocas empresas que operan actualmente en el mercado dependerá de las acciones online que trabajan como los cupones digitales y la información de uso de esta nueva modalidad de transporte, con el objetivo de llevar al consumidor a la compra offline (en calle). / The city of Lima is currently experiencing a serious problem of vehicle congestion. As a result, the habitants who tend to move around in high-traffic districts are in search of efficient transport formats where they spend less time getting to their destinations and, at the same time, are economic. For that reason, the companies and the municipalities begin their course with the adaptation of a new modality of transport that enters to the Lima market under the category of electric transport of rent and it is operated by means of electric scooters. Additionally, interest in environmental issues in the city has increased as consumers have opted to make increasingly conscious decisions at the time of purchase. Therefore, a mode of transport that does not emit CO2 emissions is attractive to them. However, the choice of the few companies currently operating in the market will depend on the online actions that work as digital coupons and information on the use of this new mode of transport, with the aim of taking the consumer to purchase offline (on the street). / Trabajo de investigación

The main topic of the thesis is actors and their role in the policy change process in the transport policy of the Czech Republic. It is argued that current transport system is not sustainable and the main goal of every transport policy should be sustainable transport. There exist, however, many barriers in achieving more sustainable transport system. Institutional barriers including formal organisations as well as norms and rules and actors seem to be one of the most significant. These actors can influence and change policy. One of the theories explaining how actors can change policy is the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF). The ACF suggests that actors form their policy proposals and solutions according to their belief system and create advocacy coalitions in order to pursue their goals and interests. A policy changes when a dominant coalition has been replaced by so far minor coalition representing policy alternatives or when a dominant coalition members change their attitudes towards, or a perception of, a given policy problem (e.g. local transport). Therefore, the main aim of the thesis is to find out how selected actors perceive problems of the transport policy in the Czech Republic and to identify potential advocacy coalitions through analysis of their attitudes. One of the objectives is...

Klimatfrågan har kommit i allt större fokus under de senaste decennierna eftersom människor blivit allt mer medvetna om utsläpp av fossila bränslens påverkan på miljön. Globaliseringen skapar även trängsel i trafiken, eftersom det blir ett ökat tryck i de växande städerna. Både i nationella, regionala och lokala planer har frågan tagits upp och även i företags styrdokument är miljöfrågan i fokus.   Resan mellan arbete och bostad är en resa som utförs varje dag och kan planeras i stor utsträckning. Orsaker till människors val av färdsätt är både psykiska och fysiska men även av praktiska skäl. Denna studie riktar sig till fyra större arbetsplatser i Gävle. Gävle kommun, Gävle sjukhus, Högskolan i Gävle samt Lantmäteriet vilka alla har tydliga cykelstråk till och från Gävle centrum. Dessa arbetsplatser ligger inom en radie av två km från Gävle centrum, vilket utgör ett rimligt avstånd för de anställda att använda cykel istället för bil.    Syftet är att komma fram till ett resultat som visar anledningar och beteenden som kan påverkas och förändras till att pendla med cykel istället för att använda bilen. Ett ökat cykelanvändande leder till minskade utsläpp och mindre trängsel i städerna. Det ger även de anställda ett hälsosammare liv i form av daglig motion vilket i sin tur minskar sjukdomar och frånvaro. Det ger en ekonomisk vinst för både företagen och även de anställdas privata ekonomi.   Fyra intervjuer med arbetsgivare och lika många med anställda har genomförts för att ge en djupgående bild av intervjupersonernas åsikter. 405 anställda uppdelat på fyra arbetsplatser har genomfört en webbaserad enkät för att ge en generell bild av de anställdas åsikter. Denna data har sammanställts för att skapa en rekommendation för vad arbetsgivarna kan påverka hos de anställda i deras val av färdmedel.     Resultatet av studien visar att det finns både utrymme för förbättringar med underhåll av cykelvägnätet i Gävle och även i arbetsgivarnas arbete med att tillgodose arbetsplatserna med rätt utrustning. Störst påverkan ligger i att informera och motivera de anställda om fördelarna och förbättra attityden till cykling, eftersom styrdokumenten är övergripande och inte tillräckligt specifika räcker inte informationen i dessa. / The climate issue has come into focus in recent decades, as people have become more aware of the emissions of fossil fuels on the environment. Globalization also creates congestion, because there will be increased pressure in the growing cities. Both in national, regional and local plans, the issue has been raised and even in corporate governance documents comes the environmental issue into focus.   The trip between work and home is performed daily and can be planned extensively. People choose a means of travel for both mental, physical and practical reasons. This study is aimed at four major workplaces in Gävle: Gävle kommun, Gävle Hospital, the University of Gävle and Lantmäteriet. All workplaces have clear cycle routes to and from Gävle’s city center and all are within a radius of two kilometers from the city’s center, which is a reasonable distance for employees to bike rather than drive.   The goal of this study is to identify the reasons and behaviors that influence decisions to commute by bicycle rather than by car. Increased bicycle use leads to lower emissions and less congestion in the cities. It also gives the employees a healthier life in the form of daily exercise, which in turn reduces illness and absence. It provides an economic benefit for both companies, and also the employees' private economy.   Four interviews with employers and an equal number of employees has been implemented to provide an in-depth picture of interviewees' opinions. 405 employees of the four workplaces were asked to complete a web-based survey about commuting behavior and attitudes. This data has been compiled and recommendations developed to guide employers about how they can influence employee´s transportation choice. The results of the study show that there is both room for Gävle to improve the route network maintenance and for employers' to provide the workplace with the right equipment. The greatest impact is to inform and motivate employees about the benefits of cycling. The company policies treat the subject but are too general and employees are not familiar with their contents.

ABSTRACT SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT IN CITY-REGIONS: THE CASE OF IZMIR CITY REGION Nal, Seda M.S., Department of City and Regional Planning, Regional Planning Supervisor : Assist. Prof. Dr. Ela Babalik Sutcliffe July 2008, 385 pages While the vast literature on sustainable transport emphasizes certain urban development patterns as those that should be encouraged in urban planning, it is a fact that there is an increasing tendency in many urban areas in the world towards becoming a city-region. However, whether these city-region development patterns can help attain a more sustainable urban growth and transport system is a relatively less studied area in the field of sustainable transport. In general terms, the study aims to bring together these two important fields of research in the planning literature: sustainable transport and city-regions, with a view to analyze whether they can co-exist, whether their policies comply with, and complement each other, eventually whether it is possible to attain transport sustainability in city-regions. Regarding this aim, three aspects are identified as &amp / #8216 / threats&amp / #8217 / for the attainment of sustainable transport and land-use development in city-regions: 1.Increase in need to travel and car dependency due to increase in interactions and longer distances in city-regions, 2. Economic objectives for city-regions conflicting with objectives of sustainable transport, and 3. Difficulty in ensuring policy coordination for an integrated approach to sustainability due to fragmentation of governments. Two most effective ways of achieving sustainable transport, land-use planning policies and policies for improving public transport and non-motorized transport, are chosen as the main policy approaches to be analyzed. Through the analysis of planning experience in a selected case study area, the Izmir City Region, the study intends to find out whether these issues are real threats for attaining sustainable transport in city regions and whether they can be overcome.

Urban transport systems are facing seemingly irreconcilable problems.Sustainable transport policies are necessary to address this sustainability challenge. However,their effectiveness highly depends on the public attitude towards them. A method combiningboth qualitative and quantitative research was used to redefine a sustainable transport policybased on sustainability principles, and find out the key factors of public attitude towardssustainable transport policies. Furthermore, the interrelations between these factors arerevealed by using structural equation modelling. 1685 questionnaires were sent to fourrepresentative cities in Sweden: Stockholm, Göteborg, Uppsala and Karlskrona. By using thisfirst hand data, we discovered some differences between Karlskrona and these other threecities. The negative attitudes towards reducing car use and promoting public transport inKarlskrona is opposite to the positive attitudes in other cities. The acceptance of taxes, speedlimitation and parking regulation is notably different as well. The results also indicate that citycharacteristics influence public attitudes towards sustainable transport policies more thancitizens’ characteristics. The functionality of a city is the most significant factor. Moreover,the results show a high dependence on individual car use. This suggests that planners shouldnot use the experience gained from other cities without investigating actual local conditions.

In Brazil, the use of private motorized vehicles has dramatically increased in recent decades, while public transportation is marked by a weak performance, and pedestrians and cyclists cope with a poor infrastructure design. Thus, suitable approaches are required to tackle current transport problems of Brazilian megacities. In view of the World Cup 2014 and the Olympic Games 2016, the megacity Rio de Janeiro is undergoing significant changes which offers a unique opportunity to ease the current situation and achieve an integrated sustainable urban transport concept. Therefore, this Diploma thesis creates an overview on the current transport situation in large Brazilian cities, in particular for Rio de Janeiro; provides integrated and sustainable approaches to tackle transport problems of Rio de Janeiro; analyzes the transferability of infrastructure measures between Curitiba and Rio de Janeiro; and examines the impact of the upcoming sports events. First, a literature review focuses on the transport situation in Brazil and Rio de Janei ro and explains Curitiba's unique approaches. Second, an audio-based qualitative content analysis of seven expert interviews with stakeholders in urban- and transportation planning gives a concise insight into the current transport situation. Third, a synthesis of both the literature review and the output of the expert interviews provide recommendations for decision makers, researchers and international organizations. In order to initiate a sustainable development of the megacity Rio de Janeiro, urban- and transportation planning must be interconnected with each other, a transport association has to be created to design and manage a metropolitan public transport network, and it is imperative to reorganize the local bus system. Furthermore, non-motorized transportation modes should be promoted by designing streets based on sidewalk policies and building a bicycle network in regard to the local demands. In addition, Curitiba's most important lesson for Rio de Janeiro is the interconnection of high density areas with mobility corridors. However, the megacity will not be able to achieve an integrated sustainable urban transport concept by the sports events. In conclusion, future transport measures have to focus on the middle class, while ensuring a needs-oriented mobility for all social classes. Decision makers should concentrate on the three "I's" – Information, Integration and Inclusion – to enable real transport mode choices, facilitate sound and seamless travel, and attract more people towards ecomobile transportation modes. Eventually, a paradigm shift towards ecomobility is needed in order to enable a sustainable urban transportation concept for today's and future generations.