Orientador: Antonio Carlos Moretti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T22:02:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gratz_LiviaBastos_M.pdf: 1931012 bytes, checksum: 88af4d5b57969faa790a1885c6dacc31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Para a existência de um sistema financeiro sólido e estável é essencial que as instituições financeiras gerenciem bem os seus riscos. A partir da publicação dos Acordos de Basileia, as autoridades supervisoras passaram a exigir a alocação de um capital regulamentar proporcional aos riscos incorridos por cada instituição. O capital regulamentar busca garantir a existência de recursos suficientes para a absorção de perdas inesperadas e seu cálculo considera os riscos de crédito, mercado e operacional. Para o gerenciamento do risco de mercado, as instituições utilizam modelos internos baseados em VaR - Value at Risk. Porém, algumas das parcelas do modelo padronizado adotado para o cálculo do capital regulamentar baseiam-se na metodologia Maturity Ladder. O primeiro modelo é mais sensível ao risco e varia conforme a volatilidade dos ativos. O segundo é menos sensível ao risco e baseia-se nos conceitos de Duration. O objetivo desse trabalho é a redefinição dos parâmetros utilizados no método Maturity Ladder de forma a aproximá-lo aos modelos baseados em VaR. Para a minimização das diferenças entre as metodologias foi utilizado um modelo de otimização baseado em Algoritmo Genético. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que os dois métodos não são totalmente comparáveis e a existência de casos extremos independentemente da escolha dos parâmetros / Abstract: For the existence of a solid and stable financial system is essential that the financial institutions manage their risks. Since the publication of the Basel Accords, supervisory authorities started demanding the allocation of a regulatory capital proportional to the risks incurred by each institution. The regulatory capital aims to ensure the existence of sufficient resources to absorb unexpected losses resulting from credit, market and operational risks. Institutions use internal models based on VaR - Value at Risk to manage the market risk. However, for some risk factors, the standardized model adopted for regulatory capital measurement is based on the Maturity Ladder methodology. The first model is risk-sensitive and varies according to asset volatility. The second is less sensitive to risk and is based on the Duration theories. The objective of this work is the redefinition of the parameters used in the Maturity Ladder methodology in order to bring their outcomes closer to the models based on VaR. To minimize the differences among the methodologies were used an optimization model based on Genetic Algorithm. The results suggest that the two methods are not completely comparable and the existence of extreme cases regardless of the parameters choice / Mestrado / Matematica Aplicada / Mestra em Matemática Aplicada

Thesis (LLM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2017. / The world, more especially countries in Africa are battling with the effects of poverty, unemployment and destitution. South Africa is one African country that succumbed to racial inequality brought about by apartheid wherein black people were denied participation into any form of income generating endeavours that would ensure their sustenance. The South African Government after attaining independence in 1994 put in place policies meant to emancipate and empower the Historically Disadvantaged People (HDP). In line with that approach, the government deemed it fit to empower the South African populace through Co-operatives. This study analyses and critiques the Co-operative Banks Act, 40 of 2007 as the focal instrument regulating financial co-operatives in South Africa and its contribution towards economic growth and poverty reduction. The study further exposes some of the imminent challenges experienced in the field of financial co-operatives as far as registration of such cooperatives is concerned. The Act since its inception has only managed to have only two co-operative banks established and the rest of the Co-operative Financial Institutions (CFI’s) are not registered and are operating under an exemption notice. Therefore, this study brings to light some of the challenges leading to the failure to become co-operative banks, and also delves into the act itself to assess whether its provisions are the reason for this ultimate failure to register financial co-operatives. The challenges experienced by financial co-operatives in South Africa would be addressed by drawing lessons from countries such as Kenya and Canada which have managed to establish a strong and vibrant co-operative industry so as to suggest ways in which they may also improve and graduate to become successful Co-operative Banks.

Entamé depuis la fin des années 80, le processus de modernisation du système bancaire marocain avait pour objectif l’introduction de réformes juridiques et la mise en place de processus et procédures techniques pour en faire une véritable locomotive d’une économie nationale de plus en plus ouverte.Aujourd’hui on peut dire que les banques marocaines et le système bancaire marocain se portent très bien. Le système bancaire marocain est un système « globalement correct »Néanmoins, considérées comme responsables de la faible bancarisation de la population marocaine, il convient de souligner que les banques se heurtent aux difficultés de l’environnement au sein duquel elles évoluent.Des secteurs économiques vitaux du pays sont encore très mal structurés, du fait de la désorganisation qui les caractérise. Le secteur de la pêche en est le meilleur exemple. Conséquence, les banques marocaines affichent une méfiance à l’égard du secteur de la pêche pourtant voulu stratégique par les différentes politiques économiques du Royaume.Le secteur des pêches maritimes représente dans la balance commerciale 15% de la valeur totale des exportations et 55% de la valeur des exportations agro-alimentaires et emploie plus de 150.000 personnes..Toutefois, le secteur continue à connaitre beaucoup de problèmes d’organisation, et des dysfonctionnements qui rendent l’accès au financement bancaire très difficile, parfois même impossibleLa question serait alors de chercher l’optimalité dans une relation fragile : banque/secteur de la pêche.MOTS CLESSystème bancaire marocain, Lois bancaires, Risques bancaires, Accords de Bâle, besoins de financements, Pêche au Maroc, Armement de pêche / Begun since the end of the 80s, the process of modernization of the Moroccan banking system had for objective the introduction of legal reforms and the implementation of processes and technical procedures to make a real locomotive of a more and more opened national economy.Today we can say that the Moroccan banks and the Moroccan banking system go very wellNevertheless, considered as responsibles in charge of the weak bancarisation of the Moroccan population, it is advisable to underline that banks collide with the difficulties of the environment within which they evolve.Vital branches of the country’s industry are still very badly structured, due to the disorganization which characterizes them. The sector of Fishing is the best example. As a Consequence, the Moroccan banks show a distrust towards the sector of fishing even it’s considered strategic by the various economic policies of the Kingdom.The sector of sea fishing represents in the trade balance 15 % of the total value of the exports and 55 % of the value of the food-processing exports ;also employs more than 150.000 people..However, the sector continues to undergo many problems of organization and dysfunctions which makes the access to the bank financing very difficult and sometimes even impossible.The question would then be to look for the optimality in a fragile relation banque / fishing sector.KEYWORDSBanking Moroccan system, banking Laws, banking Risks, Agreements of Basel, needs for financing, Goes fishing in Morocco, Armament of fishing