The evolution of various payment instruments shows a marked inclination away from the reliance on physical currency. This has, in turn, led to the construction of new manifestations of wealth. Due to revolution and developments of technology, payment can be made by various means such as physical delivery of conventional money (coins and bank notes) from the payer to the payee, but may also be made through tangible paying methods other than negotiable instruments such as debit or credit card or by way of electronic funds transfer. The development of payment systems makes it a reality for consumers to choose their preferred method of payment suitable for their banking needs and circumstances. Electronic funds transfer is a generic term that embraces any transfer of funds in which electronic techniques replace one or more of the steps in the process that were previously done by paper-based techniques. This includes automated teller machines, the transfer of funds at the point of sale, direct deposit or withdrawal of funds and funds initiated by telephone. The use of electronic funds transfer systems is described as the ultimate act of payment for not only is the value which is transferred reduced to a symbolic form, but the symbolic form itself is removed from the immediate possession of the parties to the transfer, payment also essentially becomes the transfer of information. Electronic funds transfer are easy and convenient to use. However, new technology has not only provided an ever-increasing range of electronic payment products, it has also had far-reaching effects on the way in which banks operate. Owing to the lack of legislation in South Africa to regulate the use of electronic funds transfer, banks rely on the law of contract and mandate to exempt themselves from liability. Therefore, the research problem that this dissertation aims to address revolves around the legal implications of electronic funds transfer, This includes the questions surrounding reversal and recovery of electronic funds transfer when payment is considered to be final and complete. Ultimately, I will attempt to address apportionment of liability between banks and consumers. / Mini Dissertation (LLM (Banking Law))--University of Pretoria 2020. / GCRA Bursary / Mercantile Law / LLM (Banking Law) / Unrestricted

Ce projet de recherche s'inscrit dans la thématique de l'analyse et du diagnostic de l'industrie bancaire et suit la production du sens dans les pratiques bancaires, visant particulièrement trois axes où le sens est produit : l'information, le document bancaire et la communication. au-delà de l'approche de la perspective du technicien, ce projet se propose de mobiliser les outils, les enseignements et les perspectives interdisciplinaires qu'offrent les sciences de l'information et de la communication (sic) en convoquant les acquis des champs de recherche comme la philosophie, les sciences du langage, l'économie, et bien sûr, la sociologie. l'objet de la recherche est celui des pratiques d'information et de la communication (formalisées ou non- formalisées) engagées par les représentatives de la banque (le personnel) et par les partenaires externes (les autorités, les clients, les fournisseurs). le projet empirique est structuré en vue d'un double objectif. d'abord, la recherche se propose de participer à la dynamique précipitée des marchés financiers et aux changements qui sont devenues souvent radicales en vue de l'adaptation aux nouvelles exigences de l'environnement. ensuite, le deuxième objectif de la recherche est de révéler les pratiques innovantes de l'information et de la communication que les banques ont mises en scène afin de répondre aux besoins des clients et de s'adapter aux nouvelles pressions économique (les fluxes internes de l'information et de la communication, les documents formalisés en procédures, normatives, rapports, analyses destinées tant a l'use interne et externe). méthodologiquement, il s'agit d'un projet de recherche participative. / This research project belongs to the thematic of the analysis and diagnosis for the banking industry and follows the creation of meaning in banking practices, by targeting mainly the next three areas: information, bank document and communication. The object of the research consists in the banking practice (formal or non-formal) engaged either internally and externally. This project aims to mobilize tools, lessons and interdisciplinary perspectives offered by the information and communication science (ICS) and to converge also the achievements of research fields such as philosophy, languages, economy or sociology sciences. My observations, based on the participative research methodology, are structured for a double purpose. First, the research targets to join the previous efforts to emphasize the communication’s role, by focusing on the meaning’s creation. The second objective is to reveal the innovative information and communication practice that banks have implemented to meet customer’s needs and to adapt to the new economic pressures.

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Magister Legum - LLM