Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 413-423).

Based on the author's Thesis (Ph. D.--University College, London). / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 264-277) and index.

Based on the author's thesis (Ph. D.--University College, London). / Includes bibliographical references (p. 264-277) and index.

Based on the author's Thesis (Ph. D.--University College, London). / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 264-277) and index.

Density of troglobitic crustaceans and levels of potential food sources were compared in reference pools and pools disturbed by septic system effluent in Banners Corner Cave, Russell Co., Virginia. Data from six physicochemical parameters indicate slight to high disturbance in five pools in reference to two undisturbed sites. Disturbed sites had high levels of conductivity, nutrients, and fecal coliforms. Highly disturbed sites had large decreases in concentration of dissolved oxygen. Isopod (Caecidotea recurvata) and amphipod (Stygobromus mackini) density and isopod size-class distributions were measured seasonally with short-term mark-recapture techniques. Isopods were absent only in highly disturbed sites. Highest isopod density (up to 74.6/m²) occurred in slightly and moderately disturbed sites. Amphipods were absent from all disturbed sites. Fungal biomass, total organic matter (TOM), and bacterial biomass in pool sediments were measured to determine changes in food availability caused by the septic system effluent. Fungal biomass was negligible in all pools. Contribution of bacterial biomass to sediment TOM was increased in disturbed pools with little overall increase in TOM. Bacteria, fine particulate matter and coarse particulate matter (CPOM) were used equally well in laboratory growth experiments. Presence of CPOM, not organic enrichment by septic system outfall, is the most likely cause of high isopod density in some pools. Septic system effluent may provide additional food to the aquatic community in Banners Corner Cave, but generally was damaging to the system. / M.S.

<p>Reklam på internet är ständigt ökande och många internetanvändare är negativt inställda till den. Därför har de utvecklat olika medvetna och omedvetna strategier för att undvika den när de ska göra något på internet. För skapare av reklam på Internet kan det vara bra att känna till hur reklamen undviks för att kunna bli bättre på att skapa effektiv reklam. Denna undersökning har baserats på intervjuer med vana internetanvändare med olika bakgrund för att få reda på hur de hanterar reklambanners samt en förståelse för hur de tänker. Intervjuerna föregicks av en videoinspelning där försöksdeltagarna fick specifika uppgifter att utföra för att eftersträva ett naturligt beteende.</p><p>Resultatet av undersökningen visade att banner blindness är ett fenomen som används av många försöksdeltagare, både på ett medvetet och omedvetet plan. Det visade sig att bara några få gör något aktivt fö ratt slippa eller undvika reklambanners. Anledningarna till varför de undvek reklamen visade sig i många fall bero på tre anledningar som tas upp i Cho och Cheons (2004) teoretiska modell : reklamen stör deras uppgift; många och röriga banners samt tidigare negativa erfarenheter.</p>

This thesis redresses the lack of scholarly attention paid to painted circus banners produced in the United States during the first half of the twentieth century by exploring the extent to which American folk art painting scholarship, methodologies, and objects can be used to articulate the meaning and significance of banner painting. This study expands the disciplinary treatment of banner painting by introducing domesticated art as a means of representing non-academic art produced in the U.S. The thesis also presents a model for exploring banner painting after identifying traditional American folk art painting methodologies, which fail to investigate banner painting style, format, and artistic training associated with banner work.

<p>In this thesis we address the problem of how to construct an optimal algorithm for displaying banners (i.e advertisements shown on web sites). The optimization is based on the revenue each banner generates, with the aim of selecting those banners which maximize future total revenue. Banner optimality is of major importance in the e-commerce industry, in particular on web sites with heavy traffic. The 'micropayments' from showing banners add up to substantial profits due to the large volumes involved. We provide a broad, up-to-date and primarily theoretical treatment of this global optimization problem. Through a synthesis of mathematical modeling, statistical methodology and computer science we construct a stochastic 'planning algorithm'. The superiority of our algorithm is based on empirical analysis conducted by us on real internet-data at TradeDoubler AB, as well as test-results on a selection of stylized data-sets. The algorithm is flexible and adapts well to new environments.</p>

In this thesis we address the problem of how to construct an optimal algorithm for displaying banners (i.e advertisements shown on web sites). The optimization is based on the revenue each banner generates, with the aim of selecting those banners which maximize future total revenue. Banner optimality is of major importance in the e-commerce industry, in particular on web sites with heavy traffic. The 'micropayments' from showing banners add up to substantial profits due to the large volumes involved. We provide a broad, up-to-date and primarily theoretical treatment of this global optimization problem. Through a synthesis of mathematical modeling, statistical methodology and computer science we construct a stochastic 'planning algorithm'. The superiority of our algorithm is based on empirical analysis conducted by us on real internet-data at TradeDoubler AB, as well as test-results on a selection of stylized data-sets. The algorithm is flexible and adapts well to new environments.

<p>Banners är annonser som finns på de flesta webbsidor. Användare är oftast ute på Internet med syftet att leta efter specifik information. Vid informationsökning används troligen ett speciellt kognitivt schema som gör att användaren undviker att fokusera på banners eftersom informationen som eftersöks inte antas finnas i banners. Om en navigering på Internet görs för lik en banner ser inte användaren den heller. Man kan säga att banner blindness är en tendens hos användaren av webben att ignorera banners, även när de innehåller information som användaren aktivt söker. Detta examensarbete undersöker om banners lättare kan kommas ihåg när ämnet överensstämmer med webbsidans text. En experimentell studie genomfördes med två betingelser, en grupp fick kontextberoende och den andra fick kontextoberoende banners. Medelvärdena visade att det var lättare att komma ihåg kontextoberoende banners, men inget signifikant säkerställt resultat erhölls. Resultatet kan ha påverkats av att det var få försöksdeltagare</p>