Shot peening is a cold-working process by which residual compressive stresses are being induced in the surface region to increase the fatigue strength and the resistance to stress-corrosion cracking. This study covers non-destructive measurement of surface residual stresses in the shot-peened steel components by a micro-magnetic technique, named as Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) method. For this purpose, various low alloy steel specimens were prepared by a controlled shot peening process with different intensity, impact angle and coverage values. The measurements showed that a clear relationship exists between residual stresses and the MBN signals. Residual stress values determined by MBN technique were also verified by X-ray diffraction measurements.

A Barkhausen noise (BN) testing system was developed for the non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of residual stresses in CANDU reactor feeder pipes. The system consists of a four-channel arbitrary waveform flux control system (FCS), and the spring-loaded tetrapole prototype (SL4P) BN probe. The combination of the FCS and SL4P was shown to provide repeatable BN measurements on feeder pipe samples, with variations in air gaps between the SL4P poles and the sample from 0.43 mm to 1.29 mm, and typical pickup coil coupling uncertainties for the total BN energy from ±2% to ±7%. Precision for elastic strain estimation in feeder pipes was found to be between ±7 MPa and ±9 MPa in tension, depending on the excitation field configuration, and negligible in compression. Modelling of the BN penetration depth as a function of the excitation field was used to estimate the BN penetration depth between 5 μm at 300 kHz to a maximum of 500 μm at 3 kHz. The modelling, engineering, and procedures developed for this BN testing system provide an improved basis for the future advancement of BN testing, and ferromagnetic NDE in general. / Thesis (Ph.D, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2009-07-22 15:34:28.967

A study of gouges and dents in the context of pipelines has been completed, using the non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques of magnetic flux leakage (MFL) and magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN). The research is part of an ongoing effort by the Applied Magnetics Group (AMG) at Queen's University to improve the interpretation of the MFL signal, which is used extensively by industry for defect detection and evaluation. The gouges were found to have distinctive MFL signatures depending on their orientation relative to the magnetization axis. Features in the MFL signal were identified as superpositions of geometry-related effects and strain or work hardening of the surface material. A qualitative magnetic permeability distribution in the material near a gouge has been proposed. The distribution is expected to vary in magnitude and extent according to the defect severity. The MFL results of the dent studies, on samples made available by Gaz de France (GdF), largely agreed qualitatively with previous research of dents. However, the differences pointed to the need for study of more varied dent shapes; new signal features were observed that suggested tensile residual strain in the dent rim is more prominent than earlier studies and modeling have predicted. Additionally, upgrades made to the MFL scanning system used by the AMG and a novel approach for building computer models are detailed. / Thesis (Master, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2009-09-24 17:13:12.775

This thesis aims to examine the possibility of using Magnetic Barkhausen Noise technique in characterizing the ferritic-martensitic microstructure of hypoeutectoid steels quenched from the intercritical temperature range. For this purpose, rectangular specimens were prepared from SAE 1020, 1040 and 1060 steels. The specimens were heated at different temperatures within the intercritical temperature range and then quenched into water. Microstructures of the specimens were characterized by metallographic examinations and hardness measurements. The measurements of the Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) were performed by using both Rollscan and &amp / #956 / SCAN sensor connectors. It was seen that, for specimens having identical carbon content, Barkhausen emission decreased as the heating temperature increased. Moreover, in specimens heated at the same temperature, Barkhausen emission decreased as the carbon content of the specimen increased. In both cases, the decrease in Barkhausen emission is associated with the increase in martensite content. The results indicate that MBN is inversely proportional to hardness and that MBN is very sensitive to the microstructural condition of the material. It has been shown that using MBN is a powerful tool for evaluating the microstructure of hypoeutectoid steels quenched from the intercritical temperature range and that the use of this technique could be extended to characterize industrial dual phase steels.

Thesis (doctoral)--Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-65).

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2018-05-24T17:45:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3441417 bytes, checksum: a795290bb5f3cf798dc2cf4939b636d7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2018-05-24T17:45:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3441417 bytes, checksum: a795290bb5f3cf798dc2cf4939b636d7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2018-05-24T17:46:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3441417 bytes, checksum: a795290bb5f3cf798dc2cf4939b636d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-24T17:46:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3441417 bytes, checksum: a795290bb5f3cf798dc2cf4939b636d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Na retificação de pequenas séries ou na retificação de geometrias complexas os rebolos de óxido de alumínio (Al2O3) podem ser uma alternativa competitiva em várias aplicações e apresentar um melhor desempenho, quando comparadas aos rebolos superabrasivos, no que tange a qualidade da superfície usinada para grandes taxas de remoção de material. Nesta pesquisa é avaliada a influência de rebolos de Al2O3 com diferentes composições de grãos abrasivos microcristalinos sinterizados e grãos monocristalino eletrofundidos no resultado de retificação do ADI Classe 3. São correlacionadas as variáveis de entrada com as características do processo, como as componentes de forças de retificação, do desgaste radial dos rebolos e o ruído magnético de Barkhausen (RMB), bem como pelo resultado de trabalho, como a rugosidade e a textura das superfícies retificadas. Os resultados mostraram que na retificação com os rebolos com menores porcentagens de grãos microcristalinos sinterizados são gerados as menores rugosidades e menor desgaste radial, e revelaram que para todos os rebolos convencionais ensaiados não se verificam danos de retificação (queima de retificação) com os parâmetros de entrada de processo estabelecidos. Verificou-se uma correlação das amplitudes dos sinais do RMB com os perfis de microdureza geradas pelos diferentes rebolos nas amostras de ADI Classe 3. Os resultados desta pesquisa permitem uma especificação mais adequada de rebolos convencionais para a retificação do ADI, uma vez que há poucas informações sobre a usinabilidade deste material no processo de retificação. / The grinding of low-size inventories or complex geometries with conventional sintered grinding wheels can be a competitive alternative in many applications and has a better performance in compare with superabrasive grinding wheels, regarding the machined surface quality for high material removal rates. In this research is evaluated the Al2O3 grinding wheels influence with different compositions of sintered microcrystalline and monocrystalline electrofused abrasive grains in the ADI Class 3 grinding result. The input variables are correlated with the process characteristics, such as the grinding forces components, the grinding wheels radial wear and the magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN), as well as the work result, such as the roughness and texture of the ground surfaces. The results showed the grinding wheels with lower sintered abrasive grains percentages generated the lower roughness values and lower radial wear, and revealed that all conventional grinding wheels evaluated caused no thermal damages (grinding burns) with the established input parameters process. It was verified amplitudes MBN correlation with the microhardness profiles generated by different grinding wheels on the ADI samples. The results of this research will contribute to the most appropriate specification of conventional grinding wheels to the ADI grinding, since there is a few information available about the ADI machinability in the grinding process.

Master thesis deals with the influence of milling to resulting surface integrity of gear tested by Barkhausen Noise Analysis technique. Two sets of gears milled by different machines by comparable parameters were used to solve the task. The testing of surface integrity was carried out after heat treatment and final grinding. It was experimentaly approved the effected surface/subsurface damage caused by milling remains in the material through the heat treatment. Based on these results, it can be assumed that different milling affects the resulting surface integrity after HT.

The polarization response such as ferroelectric and ferroelastic switching in ferroelectrics is the important feature for ferroelectric and electromechanical applications. In polycrystalline form ferroelectrics, effects of the microstructural parameters such as texture, grain size, and residual stress are there and have not fully been understood. Among these effects, (1) the origin of grain size effects on ferroelastic switching, (2) mechanical stress effects on polarization switching, and (3) ferroelectric switching kinetics and the relationship to grain boundaries are investigated.<br>Firstly, the microscopic origin of ferroelastic switching suppression in smaller grains is discovered using a microscopic probing technique (piezoresponse force microscopy). It is demonstrated that there is no independent grain size effect on ferroelastic switching; the grain size affects the domain structure in a grain, and the domain structure plays an important role in the ferroelastic switching suppression. This result suggests that the grain size is not an independent critical parameter for the electromechanical property degradation in a grain < 1 m as the ferroelastic switching is a dominant component for the electromechanical property.<br>The study about the mechanical stress effects on the electric field induced polarization switching rationalizes the emergence of the electric field induced low-symmetry phases observed in tetragonal Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 and BaTiO3 ceramics after poling. It is demonstrated that a shear stress plays an important role in stabilizing the monoclinic phase in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 whereas a normal stress along the polarization axis is a key for the monoclinic phase in BaTiO3 with a thermodynamic approach. It is suggested that the fraction of the low-symmetry phase, which is important for the large electromechanical property, can be engineered by applying an appropriate stress.<br>For the work about ferroelectric switching kinetics, the first direct Barkhausen noise associated with ferroelectric switching is measured. The domain switching time is quantified by the frequency of the Barkhausen noise. It is discovered that the dominant domain wall pinning site is grain boundaries based on the domain wall jump distance between pinning sites calculated from the switching time. This result suggests that the technique is a good tool for understanding the relationship between microstructure – domain wall kinetics.<br>In sum, the mechanisms of the polarization switching suppression due to domain structure and grain boundaries, and the emergence of the low symmetry phases due to stresses are revealed. These discoveries facilitate further improvements of the device performances with engineering the domain structure, grain boundaries and residual stress.<br>

The purpose of this thesis is non-destructive determination of residual stress state in the multi-pass welded steel plates by Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) technique. To control the effectiveness of the developed procedure, continuous MBN measurements on the heat affected zone and parent metal of the welded plates were performed. In the experimental part, various steel plates were welded with different number of weld passes. Various series of samples were prepared for residual stress and for angular deflection measurements. Microstructural investigation and hardness measurements were also conducted. The results were discussed to evaluate the effectiveness of MBN measurements to monitor the changes in the residual stress state in the welded components as a function of weld pass number.

Deformation and annealing texture in the cold rolled low carbon steels is important for sheet metal forming operations and service performance. The aim of this study is to non-destructively investigate the effect of texture on magnetic anisotropy. Various samples having different textures and residual stress states, due to different % reduction in thickness, annealing and stress relieving treatment, were prepared. Texture maps were obtained by Magnetic Barkhausen noise measurements performed with 100 steps between the ranges of 00-3600 on the surface. Microstructure investigation by optical &amp / scanning electron microscopy / hardness and tension tests were performed / and texture was determined by X-Ray diffraction method. The results were compared, evaluated and discussed to establish relationship between texture and magnetic Barkhausen Noise emission.