Experiment one revealed fishmeal (FM) replacement with soy protein concentrate (SPC) alone, and in combination with pea protein concentrate (PPC) and saponins (S) modulated the intestinal bacterial communities of D. labrax, increasing the presence of lactic acid bacteria. Intestinal histology revealed significantly reduced goblet cell’s (GC’s) in fish fed the SPC+S, epithelial microvilli densities (MD) in fish fed the SPC+PPC, SPC+PPC+S and SPC+S after two weeks feeding. Significant reductions in GC’s and intraepithelial leukocytes (IEL’s) in fish fed the SPC+S, and MD’s in fish fed the SPC+S and SPC+PPC+S after four weeks feeding, relative to fish fed the FM control. Furthermore, fish fed all plant based diets appeared to exhibit a loss of membrane integrity at the microvilli tips, most pronounced in fish fed the SPC+S diet. These results suggest a sub-acute enteritis response in the posterior intestine of D. labrax, which was deemed to be most pronounced in fish fed the SPC+S diets. Experiment two utilised the SPC+S diet as a sub-optimal basal diet to assess the potential of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis and the prebiotic Previda®, individually and in combination, in alleviating the enteritis-like effects induced by this diet, observed in the first experiment. Microbiological analyses revealed B. subtilis modulated the allochthonous bacterial communities. Fish fed the combination of B. subtilis and Previda® (synbiotic) diet exhibited a significantly increased intestinal perimeter ratio, compared to fish fed the basal. Significantly elevated GC’s in fish fed the probiotic and synbiotic treatments, and significantly elevated epithelial MD’s, and intestinal absorptive surface index in fish fed the probiotic diet was observed, relative to fed fish the basal. The loss of membrane integrity induced by the basal diet, was reduced in fish fed the probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic diets. The intestinal gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα was significantly up-regulated in fish fed all experimental diets, relative to fish fed the basal. The intestinal gene expression of HSP70, CASP3 and PCNA was significantly down-regulated in fish fed the probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic relative to fish fed the basal. At the end of the experiment intestinal samples were exposed to one of four treatments [1. PBS (control), 2. B. subtilis, 3. Vibrio anguillarum and 4. B. subtilis + V. anguillarum], ex vivo, to determine if the feed additives could mitigate enteric pathogen damage. All feed additives revealed the potential to reduce the morphological damage caused by the pathogen. Experiment three assessed B. subtilis and the phytobiotic Next Enhance 150® on the growth and health of D. labrax. B. subtilis modulated the allochthonous bacterial communities and reduced the presence of some potential pathogens. The intestinal gene expression of HSP70, CASP3, PCNA and CAL was significantly down-regulation in fish fed the probiotic diet relative to fish fed the control. Significantly elevated IEL’s were observed in fish fed the probiotic and Next Enhance 150® diets relative to fish fed the control. Growth performance was remained unaffected. The present research demonstrates that dietary B. subtilis modulates the allochthonous bacterial communities, as well as, improving the intestinal morphology and localised immunity in European sea bass. Dietary Previda® and Next Enhance 150® were also observed to confer beneficial effects on the gut health of this species. No detrimental effects were observed as a consequence of any of the feed additives used in the present research.

No description available.

Until Serge Prokofiev’s 1924 ballet score Trapèze, the double bass occupied a background or at best a doubling role in almost all composers’ use of the instrument. Technical challenge was limited in these pieces, because composers did not see the instrument’s potential in a chamber music environment. As luthiers developed the instrument, the technical ability of players grew, and composers began writing more challenging music for the instrument. As one of the first major composers to see the double bass in a new light, Prokofiev wrote challenging music for the instrument. This paper illuminates the alluring pedagogical aspects of Prokofiev's Quintet in G Minor, Op. 39 and provides recommendations for accomplishing some difficult passages with ease.

The idea of reducing popular and musically satisfying operatic or orchestral works to smaller instrumental forces is not uncommon, but the idea of reducing large scores for the exclusive use of orchestral excerpt pedagogy is. Although there are a multitude of excellent resources detailing how select excerpts from both the clarinet and bass clarinet orchestral repertoire should be performed, no resources for clarinetists or bass clarinetists provide a piano reduction of orchestral scores. Through piano reduction of orchestral scores, bass clarinetists have access to a resource that simulates the experience of playing in an orchestra. Bass clarinetists using a piano reduction will learn the pitch tendencies of the instrument. Consequently, the performer will discover ways to study excerpts in-tune with other instruments that will not compromise for the shortcomings of the bass clarinet. Use of piano transcriptions will also aid with recognition of important moving lines, harmonic textures and rhythmic ostinatos that might otherwise be overlooked by score study and listening alone. Finally, many of the excerpt transcriptions provided are taken from several bars before the primary bass clarinet excerpt, unlike many excerpt books currently available. This provides bass clarinets a more contextual view of an excerpt by facilitating the need to count rests correctly and play solo entrances in the correct style and affect presented by the preceding orchestral material.

The method for the determination of total mercury in biological material described in this paper comprises a destruction of organic matter by wet digestion, a reduction of the mercury by stannous sulfate, and circulation of the displaced mercury vapor in a closed system directly connected with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer Seven tissues from ten samples of locally obtained Roccus saxatilis (striped bass) were analyzed, and a three-fold elevation of mercury levels in the liver over the levels in the filet noted. See Table XIX for a comparison of the high, low, and average values for each tissue.

abstract: Vaclav Nelhybel (1919-1996) composed over 600 works, a significant number of which were never published. The trombone is included in more than 200 of Nelhybel’s compositions, some featuring the instrument in a solo role and also as a key contributor in many of his chamber and large ensemble works. The goal of this project is to bring this significant body of trombone literature into the light by examining his seventeen compositions that feature the trombone in solos and trombone ensembles; this paper also includes a select listing of other works by Nelhybel that include the trombone. The seventeen highlighted pieces include nine works for solo trombone and eight for trombone ensemble. This paper also contains background information on the composer and a brief discussion of his overall compositional history, focusing on the last thirty years of his life when he was most active as a composer and became one of the most prominent figures in the wind band movement in the United States. The central portion of the paper describes each of Nelhybel’s compositions that feature the trombone and is divided into three sections: the trombone as solo instrument in published works, an unpublished Concerto for bass trombone, and chamber works for two or more trombones alone. Discussions of key pedagogical aspects, recurring features and techniques, each piece’s difficulty level, and suggestions for performance are included for added depth. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Music 2019

Harry Sparnaay was a major contributor to the development of unaccompanied works for the bass clarinet and commissioned over 100 pieces for bass clarinet alone. While Sparnaay's book, The Bass Clarinet: A Personal History, includes a list of works written for him, there is minimal information available regarding most of these pieces. This project fills the information gap for this repertoire by providing publication status/score availability, performance challenges, recording history, program notes, and composer information. Each work is classified into three categories based on its publication status and recording history, providing a framework for understanding which works have entered the standard repertoire for the instrument.

Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides is the most sought after species by recreational anglers in the United States. Survival of angled and tournament-handled Largemouth Bass is related to numerous factors; however, the independent effects of water temperature, angling time, and live well dissolved oxygen concentration on survival have not been measured. Survival was evaluated in simulated catch and release and tournament trials over the range of temperatures encountered by Largemouth Bass anglers (17-33°C) while also testing independent effects of angling time, live well temperature, and live well dissolved oxygen treatments. Caught-and-released Largemouth Bass experienced 100% survival at temperatures ≤33°C after 1 minute of angling, but survival decreased with additional angling time. Survival declined in tournament-handled fish at 33°C; however, high survival was shown to be possible at ≤29°C after 1-minute angling time, confinement in live wells containing less than ambient temperatures and dissolved oxygen ≥5.5 mg/L, and organized in-water weigh-in procedures.

This is the first study to assess how the coastal migratory stock of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) uses non-natal New England estuaries during their foraging migration. Using hydroacoustic telemetry from June through October in Plum Island Estuary, Massachusetts, I examined how long coastal migratory striped bass stayed throughout the seasons, if they were equally distributed, if individual striped bass were distributed differently, and if distribution changed with season, tide, or light. Striped bass, ages 2-5 (300-480 mm), were tagged with VEMCO transmitters in the spring and summer of 2005 (N=14) and 2006 (N=46). They stayed for an average of 66 days in 2005 (SE=7.6) and 72 days in 2006 (SE=6.2). Of the fish tagged in 2005 and 2006, 60% remained for longer than 30 days. This might reflect two striped bass migration strategies: 1) transient migration, in which striped bass visit many estuaries, and 2) estuary-specific, in which they reside in a single location for the summer. The amount of time the striped bass spent in six reaches delineated within the estuary was quantified. Striped bass were not evenly distributed across these reaches. Instead, they spent the most time in the mid Plum Island Sound and lower Rowley River reaches in both years. Three different uses of PIE were observed. Some striped bass stayed briefly (5-20 d; N=24), some stayed primarily in the Rowley River (N=14), and others stayed primarily in Plum Island Sound (N=22). Striped bass use of the mid Plum Island Sound and lower Rowley River reaches remained consistently high in spring and summer, but decreased in fall, while use of the lower Plum Island Sound did not vary much. Use of other reaches varied seasonally. Tide and light were less associated with distribution, but in the summer the Rowley River use-group increased utilization of tidal creeks during the day, though not at high tide. These three use-groups identified in Plum Island Estuary may be foraging contingents that may learn how to forage in specific parts of the estuary demonstrated by over half the striped bass remaining for much of the summer and congregating in distinct areas.

No description available.