No description available.

No description available.

This investigation examined the adequacy of the forage base to meet current demand of piscivores in Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia. Surplus production, or the maximum sustainable supply, of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) were determined using data on the biomass, growth, and mortality of each species. Mean hydroacoustic alewife biomass from 1993-1998 was 37 kg/ha and mean gizzard shad cove rotenone biomass from 1990-1997 was 112 kg/ha. Mean annual alewife surplus production was determined to be 73 kg/ha and mean annual gizzard shad surplus production totaled 146 kg/ha. Bioenergetics modeling and population density estimates were utilized to derive the annual food consumption (realized demand) of the two most popular sport fish in the system, striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The striped bass population consumed 46 kg/ha of alewife and 27 kg/ha of gizzard shad annually. Largemouth bass ate 9 kg/ha of alewife and 15 kg/ha of gizzard shad annually. Annual consumption by ancillary predators was estimated to be 13 kg/ha of alewife and 35 kg/ha of gizzard shad. Prey supply to predators is limited by morphology, behavior, and distribution. The cumulative effect on prey availability of these three factors, in addition to consumption by other predators, was quantified. For largemouth bass, available supply of alewife and gizzard shad exceeded demand by 20% and 53% respectively. For striped bass, available supply of gizzard shad surpassed demand by 30% but available alewife supply was only 4% greater than demand. Annual demand of all predators was 94% of total available clupeid supply. Striped bass stockings were increased by 50% in 1998 and will remain at this level in the near future. A predator-prey simulation model of alewife and striped bass populations was developed to explore the consequences of increased predator demand. This model incorporated dependencies between alewife abundance and mortality and the mortality, abundance, and growth of striped bass. Model output showed that a 50% stocking increase has a near-zero probability of increasing the mean annual number of legal and citation striped bass in Smith Mountain Lake. / Ph. D.

Sunshine and palmetto bass (different crosses of hybrid striped bass) were used to determine immunologic, hematologic and serum chemistry changes under different culture conditions. The kinetics of the humoral immune response was determined for sunshine bass acclimated to 10, 18, 24, 29°C, and to elevated ammonia (0.15 mg/L NH3) and elevated nitrate (200 mg/L). These conditions are frequently encountered in aquaculture situations. Cooler temperatures decreased both the magnitude and onset of the humoral response, being lowest at 10°C, intermediate at 18°C, the highest at 24 and 29°C. Elevated ammonia did not affect the immune response, while elevated nitrate decreased antibody production to the level of the 18°C response. Hematologic reference intervals were determined for sunshine bass in tanks and recirculating systems, and palmetto bass in tanks. Serum chemistry reference intervals were determined for sunshine bass in tanks, recirculating systems and cage systems. Greater differences were observed in reference intervals between the culture systems, than between the two types of hybrid. To determine if environmental factors influenced the differences seen in the reference, sunshine bass were acclimated to 10, 18, 24, 29°C, elevated ammonia (0.15 mg/L NH3) and elevated nitrate (200 mg/L). The hematology and serum chemistry profiles of these fish were compared with the reference intervals for sunshine bass in tanks. Leukocyte, lymphocyte and monocyte counts at 10°C, and glucose and calcium at 10 and 18°C deviated sufficiently to suggest generating separate reference intervals at these temperatures. In the nitrate treated fish, creatinine levels were elevated and chloride levels were lower than controls and outside the reference interval. These two responses were presumed to be pathologic changes associated with elevated nitrate levels due to the large deviation in the analytes and the mortalities seen in the nitrate treated fish. The remaining analytes for fish in the different environments were within or slightly outside the reference intervals. These slight changes were presumed to be due to individual variation as the reference intervals were determined for fish under relatively uniform conditions and may not be sufficiently broad to cover fish from more varied environments. With minor modification, the reference intervals should apply to sunshine bass in most situations. / Ph. D.

TRIAL 1 A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate growth, survival and feed conversion of reciprocal cross hybrid striped bass (<i>Morone chrysops</i> female x <i>Morone saxatilis</i> male) cultured in pilot-scale recirculating aquaculture systems. Hybrid striped bass were stocked in nine 12,500 liter recirculating systems at a mean density of 149 fish/m³. Mean weight at stocking was 40.6 g. Overall survival averaged 72.5%. One system experienced 100% mortality due to the loss of the recirculating pump. Three systems experienced significant mortalities in the middle of the study due to unknown causes. Survival was high, averaging 93.5%, in the remaining systems. Mean daily growth rate of 1 g per day and mean feed conversion of 1.67 compared favorably with that reported in the literature for hybrid striped bass. Slow start-up of new biofilters led to a restricted feeding regime and limited growth. Mean fish weight at harvest averaged 262.1 g with total biomass in the tank averaging 452.57 kg. The recirculating system maintained water quality within ranges adequate for good growth, but the stocking density may have surpassed the systems maximum capacity. TRIAL 2 Results from Trial 1 indicated a need to reduce stocking densities. In Trial 2, three densities of reciprocal cross hybrid striped bass, high (144 fish/m³), medium (72 fish /m³) and low (36 fish/m³) were stocked in eight pilot-scale recirculating systems (12,500 L) and evaluated over 224 days. At stocking, mean weights averaged 34.9, 50.8, and 43.4 g for the high, medium and low treatments, respectively. Fish were hand fed a high protein (44%) floating pellet twice daily. Final weights averaged 412.2 g, 541.1 g, and 676.1 g in the high, medium and low density treatments, respectively. No difference in mean weights were detected between the high and medium densities, but those in the low density were significantly greater (p < 0.05) than the medium and high densities. Total biomass was significantly different (p < 0.05) between treatments at the end of the study and inversely related to mean weight gain, averaging 733.8 kg in the high, 483.3 kg in the medium, and 297.9 kg in the low density treatments. The water quality parameters measured were similar among treatments and adequate for good growth. Feed conversions averaged 1.43 and were not significantly different between treatments. Survival averaged greater than 95% in all treatments. The results of this study demonstrated that hybrid striped bass can grow from fingerling to market size in 224 days in recirculating systems at densities of 36 and 72 fish/m³. If environmental conditions are adequately maintained, it is anticipated that higher densities could reach market size in the same time period. Overall results indicate that hybrid striped bass have good potential for culture in recirculating aquaculture systems. / Master of Science

In this report an investigation on the ovaries of three(3) rock fish was discussed; the sampling of eggs within these ovaries was employed to determine the distribution of large and small eggs in each. From Merriman’s report, a general description of the fish, its habits, etc., was presented, showing significant facts that make the striped bass fisheries one of the great industries of the Atlantic Coast. The rock ovaries inspected came from fish taken in May, November and March. Sampling the ovaries was accomplished in the following manner; the ovary was sliced in six (6) cross-sections, and eight (8) samples were taken from each cross-section in order that a thorough study might be made of the egg distribution from place to place within the ovary. The randomized blocks design was used for the analysis. The large, or mature eggs were separated from the small, or immature eggs in each sample and all were counted under an ocular micrometer. From the egg counts the percent of large eggs present was computed for each sample. An Analysis of Variance was run on the data obtained from the samples of these three ovaries. The Analysis of Variance showed that there was no significant difference in the percent of large eggs present between any section or any position in the ovary. Thus, the large and small eggs together form a homogeneous matrix. The most efficient method of sampling from the ovary of the rock fish, as concluded from the findings in this experiment, is to be obtain samples of eggs at random from the ovary. Each sample should contain more than one hundred fifty (150) ova; the number of samples being determined by precision desired. The number of samples are given in Tables 5a, 5b, and 5c depending upon precision . / M.S.

Some men are born to greatness, others to great tragedy. This novel is a fictional account of one of those men: the notorious Texas outlaw, Sam Bass. Set in the Old West of the 1870s, the story primarily concerns itself with events in the train robber's life from the time he owned and raced the Denton Mare to the now famous shoot-out in Round Rock, Texas. It is a story of crime and betrayal told through the eyes of Bass and one of his close confederates, Jim Murphy.

The selected works by the composers studied in this thesis might well stand as illustrative of the normal development of the use of the bass trombone near the close of the nineteenth century. Although notable progress was made by the cited composers in increasing the bass trombone's usefulness in the orchestra, each composer also continued to use the bass trombone as it had been used in previous years, such as in doubling bass parts, harmonic backgrounds, and for strong rhythmic punctuations.

Cette thèse s’intéresse à la manière dont l’écriture dans les nouvelles de Rick Bass est intimement liée aux modes d’être des animaux. L’esquive, le mutisme, la souffrance silencieuse ou bien encore la capacité de régénération des animaux mettent l’écriture au défi et l’entraînent à se renouveler. L’auteur évite en effet toute prise prédatrice du langage sur les mondes animaliers et instaure une coïncidence entre son écriture et les « styles » des animaux. Les traces descriptives, les comparaisons inattendues et les variations rythmiques ou sonores donnent à éprouver la présence animalière et disent l’altérité et la vulnérabilité des espèces que les narrateurs et les personnages chassent, rencontrent ou côtoient. Bass met ainsi en œuvre un processus d’approche simultanément physique et scriptural qui permet non seulement de réinventer le mode descriptif, mais aussi de renouveler nos conceptions de l’animal et notre relation au monde non-humain. Cette étude de la représentation animalière dans les nouvelles de Bass tente ainsi de montrer comment la structure et la substance de l’écriture fictionnelle revêtent un rôle essentiel, éthique, politique et idéologique, au sein d’un combat éminemment militant et écologiste. / This dissertation examines the manner in which the ways of being of animals have a shaping influence on the writing of Rick Bass’s short stories. The animals’ elusive presence, muteness, silent suffering, and capacity for regeneration challenge the writing and renew it. Indeed, far from trying to intellectually capture the worlds of animals with language, Bass creates some coincidence between his discourse and the “styles” of animals. The descriptive traces, surprising images, and rhythmic or sound variations make the reader feel the presence of animals and transcribe the otherness and the vulnerability of the species that Bass’s narrators and characters hunt, meet, or live with. Rick Bass thus creates a scriptural and physical approach that allows him to redefine the descriptive mode and to reinvent the relations between man and the nonhuman world. This study of the representation of animals in Rick Bass’s short stories thus tries to show how the structure and the substance of fictional writing play an essential role at the ethical, political and ideological levels in an outstandingly activist and environmental fight.

"August, 2001" / Bibliography: leaves 173-183. / xvi, 184, 12 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps, plates (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / "The primary objective of the study was to gain a better understanding of the tectonostratigraphic evolutionary history of the Bass Basin. In particular, the study has focussed on mapping and analysing all the faults and fault patterns in the Bass Basin in relation to the subsidence history and its influence on sedimentation and hydrocarbon potential of the basin. The reason why the Durroon area and the Bass area behaved differently in response to extensional stresses was investigated. As a final outcome, it was thought important to clarify some of the existing disagreement about the broad tectonic and structural history of the basin and in particular to separate the influence of the Otway and Tasman Sea rifting episodes on the sedimentation history of the Bass and Durroon area. The study also aimed at investigating the occurence in the basin and nature of a recently recognised fault system, a polygonal fault system." --p. 2. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, National Centre for Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, 2002