This thesis describes an investigation of the performance and further development of the lithium-sulphuryl chloride cell for high rate applications.

No description available.

Thesis advisor: Dunwei Wang / The performance of advanced energy storage devices is intimately connected to the designs of electrodes. To enable significant developments in this research field, we need detailed information and knowledge about how the functions and performances of the electrodes depend on their chemical compositions, dimensions, morphologies, and surface properties. This thesis presents my successes in synthesizing and characterizing electrode materials for advanced electrochemical energy storage devices, with much attention given to understanding the operation and fading mechanism of battery electrodes, as well as methods to improve their performances and stabilities. This dissertation is presented within the framework of two energy storage technologies: lithium ion batteries and lithium oxygen batteries. The energy density of lithium ion batteries is determined by the density of electrode materials and their lithium storage capabilities. To improve the overall energy densities of lithium ion batteries, silicon has been proposed to replace lithium intercalation compounds in the battery anodes. However, with a ~400% volume expansion upon fully lithiation, silicon-based anodes face serious capacity degradation in battery operation. To overcome this challenge, heteronanostructure-based Si/TiSi2 were designed and synthesized as anode materials for lithium ion batteries with long cycling life. The performance and morphology relationship was also carefully studied through comparing one-dimensional and two-dimensional heteronanostructure-based silicon anodes. Lithium oxygen batteries, on the other hand, are devices based on lithium conversion chemistries and they offer higher energy densities compared to lithium ion batteries. However, existing carbon based electrodes in lithium oxygen batteries only allow for battery operation with limited capacity, poor stability and low round-trip efficiency. The degradation of electrolytes and carbon electrodes have been found to both contribute to the challenges. The understanding of the synergistic effect between electrolyte decomposition and electrode decomposition, nevertheless, is conspicuously lacking. To better understand the reaction chemistries in lithium oxygen batteries, I designed, synthesized, and studied heteronanostructure-based carbon-free inorganic electrodes, as well as carbon electrodes whose surfaces protected by metal oxide thin films. The new types of electrodes prove to be highly effective in minimizing parasitic reactions, reducing operation overpotentials and boosting battery lifetimes. The improved stability and well-defined electrode morphology also enabled detailed studies on the formation and decomposition of Li2O2. To summarize, this dissertation presented the synthesis and characterization of inorganic nanostructured materials for advanced energy storage. On a practical level, the new types of materials allow for the immediate advancement of the energy storage technology. On a fundamental level, it helped to better understand reaction chemistries and fading mechanisms of battery electrodes. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Chemistry.

Lithium-ion battery (LIB) is widely utilized in many modern applications as energy sources. Numerous efforts have been dedicated to increasing electrochemical performances, but improvement on battery safety remains a visible challenge. While new electrode materials have been developed, advancement in new separator for LIB has remained relatively slow. Separator is the polymeric porous material that physically separates electrodes and allows free flow of ions through its structure. It is electrochemically inactive but essential for avoiding thermal runaway conditions. Besides its crucial functions, separator has been known as the mechanically weakest component. Structural battery is a new approach that employs multifunctional material concept to use LIB as load-bearing material to minimize the weight of the complete system and maximize the efficiency. Separator materials are required to have good thermal stability, battery chemistry, and mechanical performance. This work aims at creating electrospun membranes with improved thermal resistance, structural integrity and moderate ionic conductivity as the next generation LIB separators. Electrospinning process is known as a versatile and straightforward technique to fabricate continuous fibers at nano- and micro- scales. The electrospinning process employs an electrostatic force to control the production of fibers from polymer solutions. Solution and process parameters, including type of polymer and solvent system, concentration of polymer solution, acceleration voltage, and solution feed rate, have been studied to achieve the desirable membrane properties. In this report, the electrospinning parameters affecting morphology and corresponding properties of electrospun membranes, electrospun polymer composite and polymer-metal oxide composite membranes for structural battery applications will be discussed.

The report deals with energy conservation, mainly in the field of portable energy, which is asubject that today raises questions around the world. This report describes the design and theimplementation of a Battery Management System on the platform NI ELVIS II+ managed bythe software Labview. The first aim has been on finding information about the design of theBattery Management System that corresponds to the choice of the battery itself. The systemwas designed completely independent with different charging methods, simulations ofdischarge, and its own cell balancing, as a 3 cells battery pack was used. The battery chosenwas the lithium-ion technology that has the most promising battery chemistry and is the fastestgrowing. Several experimentations and simulations have been done, with and without cellbalancing that permited to highlight that the cell balancing is mandatory in a Batterymanagement System. Furthermore, a simulation of use of the battery in an Electrical Vehiclewas made, which can lead to conclude that the Lithium-Ion battery must be manageddifferently to be used in the application of an Electrical Vehicle.

This paper designs and implements a DSP based intelligent battery charger and residual capacity estimator. This system uses the proposed structure of the series circuit and battery equalizer with the intelligent fuzzy charge algorithm to charge batteries, and the improved coulometric measurement with accurate residual capacity estimation to estimate the residual capacity of batteries. Because of using the intelligent fuzzy charge algorithm can give different charging current depend on the difference of voltage, capacity and temperature of battery; And because of using the battery equalizer can adjust the voltage of battery. The charger can charge the battery safely without causing any damage. From the experimental results, the charger can achieve the purpose of fast and uniform charge with charging time six (6) to eight (8) hours, the residual capacity estimator can accurate estimate the residual capacity of batteries due to calculating the increment current and considering the aging factor.

This thesis is to design an intelligent battery charger and residual capacity estimator with DSP. This system uses the proposed structure of the series circuit and battery equalizer with the intelligent fuzzy charge algorithm to charge battery, The internal resistance measurement can accurately estimate the residual capacity of battery. Because of using the intelligent fuzzy charge algorithm, it can give different charging current depends on voltage, capacity and temperature of battery. Because of using battery equalizer, it can adjust the voltage of battery to guarantee the battery be charged safely. According to experimental results, the charger can achieve the goal of fast and uniform charge within 6 to 8 hours. On the residual capacity estimator, We measure internal resistance to accurately estimate residual capacity of battery, because internal resistance is affected by environmental temperature, battery corrosion, aging factor and output current .

Thesis (Ph. D.)--York University, 2001. Graduate Programme in History. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 347-366). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ66350.

Large-scale electrochemical energy storage is a technology that is uniquely suited to integrate intermittent renewable energy sources with the electric grid on a large scale. Grid-based energy storage also has the potential to reduce costs associated with periods of peak electric demand. For these reasons, this work describes the potential applications for grid-based energy storage, and then reviews large-scale energy storage technology innovations since the development of the lead-acid battery. The potential value of grid-based battery energy storage is discussed in the context of restructured electricity markets; then, a dynamic model-based economic optimization routine is developed to gauge the potential value of a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) operating for wholesale energy arbitrage and frequency regulation in Texas. Based on this analysis, the relative value of a VRFB in various regions of Texas for energy arbitrage and frequency regulation is examined. It is shown that frequency regulation is an appealing application for a grid-based VRFB, with a VRFB utilized for frequency regulation service in Texas potentially worth approximately $1500/kW. Finally, the effect of a VRFB’s characteristics on its value for frequency regulation and energy arbitrage are compared, and the operational insight developed in this work is used to glean how policies to integrate a large-scale energy storage with the electricity market might be crafted. / text

The demand for electrical energy storage has increased tremendously in recent years, especially in the applications of portable electronic devices, transportation and renewable energy. The performances of lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries depend on their electrode materials. In commercial Li-ion batteries with graphite anodes the intercalation potential of lithium in graphite is close to the reversible Li/Li⁺ half-cell potential. The proximity of the potentials can result in unintended electroplating of metallic instead of intercalation of lithium in the graphite anode and frequently leads to internal shorting and overheating, which constitute unacceptable hazards, especially when the batteries are large, as they are in cars and airplanes. Moreover, graphite cannot be readily used as the anode material of Na-ion batteries, because electroplating of metallic sodium on graphite is kinetically favored over sodium intercalation in graphite. This dissertation examines safer Li-ion and Na-ion battery anode materials. / text