The Well-To-Wheels (WTW) methodology is widely used for policy making in the transportation sector. In this paper updated WTW calculations are provided, relying on 2013 statistic data, for the carbon intensity (CI) of the European electricity mix; detail is provided for electricity consumed in each EU Member State (MS). An interesting aspect presented is the calculation of the GHG content of electricity traded between Countries, affecting the carbon intensity of the electricity consumed at national level. The amount and CI of imported electricity is a key aspect: a Country importing electricity from another Country with a lower CI of electricity will lower, after the trade, its electricity CI, while importing electricity from a Country with a higher CI will raise the CI of the importing Country. In average, the CI of electricity used in EU at low voltage in 2013 was 447 gCO2eq/kWh, which is the 17% less compared to 2009. Then, some examples of calculation of GHG emissions from the use of electric vehicles (EVs) compared to internal combustion engine vehicles are provided. The use of EVs instead of gasoline vehicles can save (about 60% of) GHG in all or in most of the EU MSs, depending on the estimated consumption of EVs. Compared with diesel, EVs show average GHG savings of around 50% and not savings at all in some EU MS.

The automotive and heavy-duty trucking industries are heading towards research and development of alternative powertrain solutions to meet the United Nations sustainability goals and cleaner solutions to aid climate change actions. This thesis project aligns with the vision of finding greener and sustainable modes of transport in the heavy long haulage trucking industry. This project aims to find and develop a method for creating drive cycles, getting the vehicular power requirements to drive on these selected routes and finally calculating the TCO of a vehicle. The scripts for these mentioned steps are developed in MATLAB. The approach used in this work could help both the vehicle manufacturer and the vehicle operator to predict or cater to upcoming customer demand on, in our case, routes pan EU, to receive information about energy, power and vehicular configuration needed to fulfil the mission, and also, optimize the powertrain configuration in collaboration with a parallel thesis work done here at Scania, and finally calculate a somewhat simplified TCO of the vehicle.  In this work, two different driving conditions has been used; summer or winter, and two different payload conditions, as well as two types of vehicle powertrains; FCEV and BEV. Finally, a comparison regarding TCO for FCEV and BEV has been done. / Fordonsindustrin, inklusive den kommersiella lastbilsindustrin, driver utvecklingen av alternativa drivlinor för att kunna uppfylla FN:s hållbarhetsmål kring miljövänligare lösningar, nödvändiga för att stödja det globala klimatarbetet. Detta examensarbete utgår från visionen att hitta miljövänligare fordonstyper inom den kommersiella lastbilssektorn. Detta projekt siktar på att utveckla och använda metoder för att kunna ta fram relevanta körcykler, fastställa nödvändig framdrivningseffekt för att fordonen ska kunna köra på utvalda rutter, samt att beräkna total ägandekostnad (TCO) för fordonsoperatören.  Skripten för dessa nämnda steg har utvecklats i MATLAB inom projektet. Tillvägagångssättet som har använts i detta arbete kan hjälpa både fordonstillverkare och fordonsoperatörer att förutspå framtida krav. I vårt fall har information om nödvändig energimängd, effekt och komponentkonfiguration, inklusive drivlineoptimering, tagits fram för rutter inom EU, tillsammans med ett parallellt examensarbete som också utförts på Scania. Slutligen beräknades den totala ägandekostnaden (TCO) för kunden.  I detta arbete har två olika användarfall analyserats; sommar och vinter, för två olika nyttolaster, samt två typer av drivlinor; FCEV och BEV. Slutligen, har en jämförelse gjorts gällande TCO för FCEV och BEV.