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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Energy efficient coordinate establishment in wireless sensor networks

Erasmus, D.J.E. (Daniel Jacobus Elardus) 23 January 2006 (has links)
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) refer to a group of spatially deployed devices which are used to monitor or detect phenomena, and have the ability to relay sensed data and signalling wirelessly. Positioning information in WSNs is absolutely crucial to perform tasks such as intelligent routing, data aggregation and data collection optimally. A need exists for localisation algorithms which are scalable, distributed, energy efficient and easy to deploy. This research proposes a beaconless Cluster-based Radial Coordinate Establishment (CRCE) positioning algorithm to locate sensor nodes relative to a local coordinate system. The system does not make use of Global Positioning System (GPS) or any other method to provide apriori position information for a set of nodes prior to the CRCE process. The objective of CRCE is to reduce energy consumption while providing a scalable coordinate establishment method for use in WSNs. To reduce energy consumption during the node positioning process, the research focuses on minimising the number of message exchanges in the network by implementing a cluster-based network topology and utilising the potential of geographically distributed processors. A radial coordinate convergence process is proposed to achieve scalability as the number of sensors in the network increases. Three other localisation algorithms are investigated and compared to CRCE to identify the one best suited for coordinate establishment in WSNs. Two of these comparison algorithms are published in the literature and the other is a modified version of one of the published algorithms. The results show a significant decrease in the number of messages that are necessary to establish a network-wide coordinate system successfully, ultimately making it more scalable and energy efficient. In addition, position based algorithms, such as location based routing, can be deployed on top of CRCE. / Dissertation (MEng (Computer Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted
2

Le guidage routier et les algorithmes de routage dans les réseaux véhiculaires / Route guidance and routing algorithms in vehicular networks

Ghedira, Mohamed Chadli 28 September 2011 (has links)
Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à deux types d’architectures dans les réseaux véhiculaires : les réseaux à infrastructure et les réseaux sans infrastructure. L’objectif de ce travail est de définir des solutions améliorant la connectivité des passagers des véhicules dans des environnements à densité variable en points d’accès. Pour ceci, dans un premier temps, nous nous intéressons aux algorithmes de guidage routier (dont l’objet est de guider un véhicule d’un point de départ vers un point d’arrivée) en prenant en compte les emplacements des points d’accès le long des routes. Notre première contribution est de définir un algorithme de guidage qui offre une connectivité supérieure au chemin par défaut (en général le plus court chemin) tout en maintenant une distance parcourue raisonnable pour les passagers du véhicule. Nous nous intéressons également à la minimisation du nombre de handovers afin d’améliorer la qualité de service du réseau. Nous avons évalué notre algorithme en termes de distance couverte et du nombre de handovers, tout en s’assurant de garder une distance totale parcourue raisonnable. Nous avons étudié dans un deuxième temps l’impact du choix de l’algorithme du guidage routier sur les performances de la couche réseau, où nous avons pris en compte deux types de protocoles de routage de données : réactif et proactif. Ensuite, nous avons étudié une problématique récurrente dans les réseaux véhiculaires qui est le routage des données de véhicule à véhicule. Ceci est particulièrement utile en absence d’une infrastructure disponible sur la route. Nous proposons une solution inter-couches («cross-layer») qui tire profit des caractéristiques des réseaux sans fil pour offrir un protocole de routage multi-sauts. Contrairement à la plupart des propositions de protocoles de routage, notre solution ne requiert pas un échange de messages de signalisation entre les voisins, ce qui améliore les performances du réseau en termes de charge utile et efficacité, surtout pour un réseau à forte mobilité comme c’est le cas pour des réseaux véhiculaires où les voisins changent d’une seconde à une autre, rendant problématique la mise à jour des informations de chaque nœud mobile sur son entourage / In this thesis, we focus on two types of architectures in vehicular networks: infrastructure networks and networks without infrastructure. The goal of this work is to define solutions to improve connectivity for passengers of vehicles in environments with variable density of access points. For this, we start by studying route guidance systems (whose purpose is to guide a vehicle from a starting point to a destination point), taking into account the locations of access points along roads. Our first contribution is to define a route guidance algorithm that offers superior connectivity compared to the default path (usually the shortest path) while maintaining a reasonable distance for passengers. We dealt also another issue which consists in minimizing the number of handovers to improve the quality of network service. We evaluated our algorithm in terms of covered distance and the number of handovers, while making sure to keep a reasonable traveled distance. After that, we studied the impact of the choice of route guidance algorithm in the performance of the network layer, where we took into account two types of routing protocols data: reactive and proactive. Next, we studied a recurrent problem in vehicular networks which is routing data from vehicle to vehicle. This is particularly useful in the absence of available infrastructure on the road. We propose a cross-layer architecture that takes advantage of the characteristics of wireless networks to design a multi-hops routing protocol. Unlike most proposals for routing protocols, our solution does not require an exchange of signaling messages between neighbors, and so improves network performance in terms of overhead and efficiency, especially for networks with high mobility such as vehicular networks, where neighbors change frequently, making it difficult to update information from each mobile node on its surroundings

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