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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Atributos bioquímicos e fisiológicos de AC1 : um cafeeiro naturalmente descafeinado / Biochemical and physiological attributes of AC1 : a naturally decaffeinated coffee

Benatti, Luciana Benjamim, 1978- 29 November 2012 (has links)
Orientador: Paulo Mazzafera / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T06:22:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Benatti_LucianaBenjamim_D.pdf: 2232263 bytes, checksum: f99e9792ce3a097423a6628b62ddb600 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Em 2004, Silvarolla e colaboradores descobriram três plantas (AC1, AC2 e AC3) de Coffea arabica, provenientes da Etiópia, com baixa quantidade de cafeína nas sementes. Esta pequena concentração (0,76 mg/g) em AC1, quando comparada com grãos de C. arabica com cafeína (em torno de 12 mg/g), foi verificada ser de origem constitutiva da planta, sendo esta denominada como naturalmente descafeinada. Neste trabalho a planta de AC1 foi estudada, já que esta é a mais adequada para a transferência genética do traço "sem cafeína" para cultivares com alta produtividade. Ao analisar o desenvolvimento das sementes de AC1, foi observado que endospermas maduros da planta com baixas quantidades de cafeína perderam menos massa do que os de Mundo Novo (MN) e que estes, no final do desenvolvimento, eram maiores do que os de AC1. Entretanto, apesar deste fato, os conteúdos de aminoácidos, açúcares solúveis, ácidos orgânicos, ácidos clorogênicos e trigonelina foram similares nas sementes de frutos de MN e AC1. Foi constatado que em todos os estádios fenológicos as sementes de AC1 apresentaram baixas quantidades de cafeína. Além disso, foi observado que não só sementes e folhas apresentaram esta característica, mas também flores e internódios. Experimentos com o fornecimento de [2-14C] adenina e análises enzimáticas de teobromina sintase e cafeína sintase nas sementes de AC1 confirmaram que, assim como em folhas, a síntese de cafeína é bloqueada na metilação de teobromina a cafeína, acumulando altas taxas de teobromina. Experimentos de análise de expressão gênica indicaram que, apesar dos genes responsáveis pela síntese das três metiltransferases envolvidas na síntese de cafeína ser expressos nos endospermas de AC1, suas expressões são menores se comparadas com o controle MN, principalmente ao analisar a expressão do gene CCS1, que codifica para a cafeína sintase. Os compostos fenólicos apresentaram valores próximos ao longo de todo o desenvolvimento do endosperma, sendo que a quantidade equivalente encontrada nestes grãos parcialmente explica a atividade antioxidante similar encontrada nos grãos maduros de MN e AC1. Análises de proteínas de reserva em endospermas maduros foram similares em MN e AC1 / Abstract: In 2004, Silvarolla and co-workers discovery three plants (AC1, AC2 and AC3) of Coffea arabica, originated from Ethiopia, with low amount of caffeine in the seeds. This low concentration (0,76 mg/g) was found to be constitutive plant origin, this being referred to as naturally decaffeinate. In this work only the seeds of AC1 were studied, since this plant has shown to be the most suitable for gene transfer trace "without caffeine" for cultivars with high productivity. By analyzing the development of the seed AC1, it was observed that the mature endosperm of the plant with low amounts of caffeine lost less weight than those of MN, and also at the end of development, they were greater than those of AC1. However, despite this fact, the contents of amino acids, organic acids, chlorogenic acids and trigonelline were similar to MN and AC1 seeds and fruits. Soluble sugars were also similar in most part of the development despite the sucrose in the endosperm AC1 cherry stage, having it's significantly less than the one found in the endosperm MN at the stage. It was found that in all growth stages seeds AC1 presented low amounts of caffeine. Furthermore, it was observed that not only seeds and leaves showed this characteristic, but also flowers and internodes. Experiments with the supply of [2-14C] adenine and enzymatic analyzes of theobromine synthase and caffeine synthase in AC1 seeds confirmed that as leaves, caffeine synthesis are blocked in the methylation of theobromine to caffeine, accumulating high levels of theobromine. Experiments of the gene's expression analysis indicated that, although the genes responsible for the synthesis of the three methyltransferases involved in caffeine synthesis are expressed in AC1 endosperm, presented minor expressions compared to the control MN, especially when analyzing the expression of the gene CCS1, which synthesizes caffeine synthase. Phenolic compounds had similar values throughout the development of the endosperm, the equivalent amount found in these grains partly explains the similar antioxidant activity found in the MN and AC1 mature grains. The reserve proteins assays of mature endosperms were also similar in both endosperms / Doutorado / Biologia Vegetal / Doutora em Biologia Vegetal

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