Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2001. / Härtill 7 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2001. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences. / Department of Psychology

Rao, Yichen. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-184). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 26, October, 2016).

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Background: Due to technological outbreak Massively Multiplayer Online (MMO) has become very popular leisure time occupation for people of various age ranging from not only children to also mid-age gamers. Although computer gaming is not officially classified as a disorder within ICD-10, it shows obvious signs of behavioral disorder. Despite there is a great number of research within this area, there is still lack of unified definition and classification. In addition to numerous publications in this field, there is still a space for additional research. One of those areas to explore is an impact on partner life and relationship. Aims: The main objective of the thesis is to describe the impact of Massively Multiplayer Online gaming on partner relationship. Furthermore, the work will partially focus on the role of playing MMO games in a partnership and what the impact of playing Massively Multiplayer Online games are in the common social life of partners. Methods and sample size: Qualitative research, where data has been collected from semi-structured interview, has been chosen. Subsequently the data has been extrapolated by method of Grounded Theory. Sample size was chosen based on online questionnaire with 733 participants out of those there were 5 male gamers and 4 female partners. Results: The...

BACKGROUND: Of the 22 known measures of nicotine dependence (ND), none capture the overall disease severity of physical dependence alone. Instead, they capture constructs related to dependence, such as perceived risk, psychological addiction, smoker motivations, or smoking related behaviors, but none of the measures include only physical withdrawal symptoms to capture physical dependence on nicotine. AIM: To develop a range of nicotine dependence measures that capture physical dependence on nicotine. METHODS: The final measures were developed in a cross-sectional study conducted in three phases: 1) candidate item development through literature review and cognitive interviews, 2) developing and pre-testing the survey, and 3) survey administration and psychometric evaluation to validate three distinct measures. The final survey was conducted at four health clinics and three high schools. Psychometric tests used to select the final measure items included inter-item correlations, sensitivity analyses done by subgroup, item-total correlations, convergent validity tests, and confirmatory factor analysis. The final measures were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal reliability, total score distributions, and convergent validity correlations. Relative validity analyses were also conducted using a ratio of F-Statistics to compare the ability of each new measure to differentiate dependent smokers as compared previous measures. RESULTS: The final sample included 275 smokers ranging from 14 to 76 years old (mean=30.9, SD=16.2), who smoked an average of 11.5 cigarettes per day (range=0-50, SD=9.4). The sample was 86.5% white and 57.5% male. The three new measures developed included: 1) the 4-item Withdrawal-Induced Craving Scale (WICS) used to capture severity of craving, the most common physical withdrawal symptom; 2) the 12- item Nicotine Withdrawal Symptom Checklist (NWSC), which measures both overall disease severity and the severity of a comprehensive list of individual physical withdrawal symptoms including withdrawal-induced craving, anger, anxiety, depression, headache, insomnia, loss of focus, restlessness, and stress; and 3) the 6-item brief NWSC (NWSC-b), a short measure which only captures overall disease severity. All of the new measures exhibited a unidimensional factor structure loading highly on a single factor (thought to be physical dependence). They also correlated highly (over 0.6) and significantly (p<0.001) to a battery of convergent validity indices including four widely used nicotine dependence measures: Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC), the Autonomy Over Tobacco Scale (AUTOS), the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and self-rated addiction. CONCLUSION: The WICS, NWSC, and NWSC-b provide three distinct validated tools that can be used by researchers, clinicians, and educators to track the progression of physical dependence on nicotine across a range of smoking behaviors and histories.

Introdução: Especula-se que a Oniomania ou Compras Compulsivas (CC) compartilhe características clínicas e substratos neurobiológicos com a dependência de substâncias psicoativas, assim como outros comportamentos denominados dependências comportamentais. Os estudos mais recentes para tratamento das dependências têm explorado o potencial clínico de fármacos capazes de bloquear o efeito reforçador dessas substâncias ou comportamentos através da modulação direta ou indireta da atividade dopaminérgica na via córtico-límbico-estriatal. Seguindo esta linha de raciocínio, o topiramato vem sendo investigado para o tratamento do transtorno do jogo, compulsão alimentar e dependência de álcool. Relatos preliminares sugerem potencial desta medicação no tratamento de pacientes com CC. Método: Nosso estudo é um ensaio clínico duplo cego, randomizado e controlado com placebo que visa a testar a eficácia do topiramato administrado oralmente no tratamento das CC ao longo de 12 semanas. Foram analisados 43 pacientes, alocados aleatoriamente no grupo experimental (que recebeu doses flexíveis de topiramato de 25 a 300 mg/dia) ou grupo controle (que recebeu dose correspondente de substância inativa). Ambos os grupos receberam intervenções psicoeducacionais em quatro sessões. Os comportamentos e a psicopatologia das CC, além de fenômenos associados, especificamente impulsividade, sintomas depressivos e adequação social foram avaliados como desfecho. Resultados: As escalas de avaliação não apresentaram significância quando analisadas em conjunto pela MANOVA. Todavia, na análise do desempenho isolado de cada variável incluída no modelo múltiplo, encontrou-se uma redução significativa do comportamento de comprar compulsivo e desejo de aquisição em favor do topiramato, quando comparado ao placebo. Entre as escalas de avaliação de fenômenos associados, houve uma melhora ao longo do tempo em ambos os grupos para as variáveis que medem impulsividade e depressão, com tamanhos de efeito elevados (H2 > 0,14). Os achados devem ser analisados com cautela, uma vez que nossa amostra foi pequena e portanto com baixo poder amostral. Conclusão: Analisados em conjunto, os dados não permitem concluir que o topiramato seja superior ao placebo no tratamento das CC. Porém, esta análise encoraja futuras investigações / Introduction: It is speculated that Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD), similar to other behavior addictions, shares clinical and neurobiologic characteristics with substance use disorders. Recent research for treatment of addictions has explored the therapeutic potential of drugs capable of blocking the reinforcing properties of substances or behaviors through the direct or indirect modulation of the dopaminergic pathway in the cortico-limbic-striatal circuit. In line with this reasoning, topiramate has been investigated for the treatment of gambling disorder, binge eating and alcohol addiction. Preliminary case reports suggest that this drug can be beneficial for the treatment of CBD. Methods: We followed a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled model to test the efficacy and safety of topiramate during a period of 12 weeks. We analyzed 43 patients randomly assigned to the experimental group (who received flexible doses of topiramate from 25 to 300mg/day) or control group (who received the correspondent dose of inactive substance). Both groups received psychoeducational intervention in 4 sessions. Results: The variables we used to evaluate the symptomatology of CBD showed no significant variations over time when analyzed together through MANOVA. However, among the scales used to evaluate associated phenomena, there was an improvement over time for the variables that measure impulsivity and depression, with high effect sizes (H2 > 0.14). In the analysis of the isolated performance of each variable included in the multiple model we found a superior and statistically significant response of the group topiramate for the CBFS and the subscore acquisition of SI-R. These findings should be analyzed with caution since our sample was small, with low power, and composed by an under-representative sample of individuals. Conclusion: These findings point to a possible utility of topiramate for the treatment of CBD, supporting further studies with larger and more representative samples of patients with CBD

<p>Poremećaj upotrebe Interneta je psihofizički poremećaj koji podrazumeva pojavu tolerancije, simptome povlačenja, afektivne smetnje i poremećene socijalne relacije. Neurobiolo&scaron;ki i farmakolo&scaron;ki podaci ukazuju na sličnosti u patopsihologiji zavisnosti od opijata i patolo&scaron;kog kockanja, a time i na sličnosti sa poremećajem upotrebe Interneta. U osnovi navedenih problema su poremećaji centra za nagradu, koji upravlja svim oblicima pona&scaron;anja u kojima motivacija ima centralnu ulogu. CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se uporede sociodemografske karakteristike osoba koje imaju poremećaj upotrebe Interneta, osoba koje su zavisne od opijata i kontrolne grupe. Kao i da se uporede psiholo&scaron;ke karakteristike prema modelu Big Five i psihopatolo&scaron;ke karakteristike, te utvrdi stepen njihove izraženosti kod osoba koje pripadaju pomenutim grupama. MATERIJAL I METODOLOGIJA: Istraživanje je koncipirano kao klinička studija preseka bazirana na metodolo&scaron;kom pristupu koji podrazumeva i primenu komparativne metodologije, a uz upotrebu skala procene i psiholo&scaron;ko-psihijatrijskih baterija za procenu ličnosti. Procena je sprovođena putem sledećih upitnika: Internacionalni psihijatrijski intervju Pompidou, Skala poremećaja upotrebe Interneta, Upitnik za procenu depresivne ličnosti, Upitnik za procenu spremnosti za empatiju, Upitnik za procenu psihopatske devijacije, Upitnik za procenu samohendikepirajućeg pona&scaron;anja, Inventar Velikih Pet. Ukupan uzorak obuhvata 300 ispitanika: 100 ispitanika sa opijatskom zavisno&scaron;ću, 100 ispitanika koji pokazuju simptome poremećaja upotrebe Interneta i 100 ispitanika kontrolne grupe. REZULTATI: Karakteristike ličnosti u vidu u empatije, ekstrovertnosti, prijatnosti, savesnosti, otvorenosti i saradljivosti, u manjoj meri su izražene kod osoba koje imaju poremećaj upotrebe Interneta i osoba zavisnih od opijata, u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu. Psihopatolo&scaron;ke karakteristike ličnosti u vidu sklonosti ka depresivnom reagovanju u stresnim situacijama, samohendikepiranja i neuroticizma, u većoj meri su izražene kod osoba koje imaju poremećaj upotrebe Interneta i osoba zavisnih od opijata u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu ispitanika, a psihopatske crte i agresivnost vi&scaron;e su izražene u osoba zavisnih od opijata u odnosu na druge dve grupe ispitanika. ZAKLJUČAK: Dobijeni rezultati daju doprinos za klasifikaciju poremećaja upotrebe Interneta i sugeri&scaron;u svrstavanje u dijagnostičku kategoriju bihevioralnih zavisnosti. Kvalitativna analiza psiholo&scaron;ke i psihopatolo&scaron;ke fenomenologije opijatske zavisnosti i poremećaja upotrebe Interneta sugeri&scaron;e njihovu zajedničku dispoziciju za adiktivne poremećaje.<br />&nbsp;</p> / <p>Internet use disorder is a psychophysical disorder that includes increasing tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, affective disorders and disruption of social interactions. Neurological and pharmacological data regarding its effects on the reward pathway of the human brain points at similarities with opiate addiction and pathological gambling. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was a comparison of sociodemographic characteristics of individuals suffering from Internet use disorder, individuals addicted to opiates, and a control group. The aim of this study was also to compare psychological traits of participants according to the Big Five personality traits model and psychopathological traits. METHODOLOGY: A clinical cross-sectional study was conducted using assessment scales and batteries of psychological-psychiatric tests for personality assessment. The assessment was performed using the following materials: The Pompidou international psychiatric interview, The Internet disorder scale, Questionnaire for the assessment of depressive personality, Questionnaire for the assessment of empathy competency, Questionnaire for the assessment of psychopathic deviation, Questionnaire for the assessment of empathy competency, Questionnaire for the assessment of psychopathic deviation, Questionnaire for the assessment of self-handicapping behavior, The Big Five inventory. The sample covers 300 respondents: 100 respondents with opiate addiction, 100 respondents which expressed symptoms of the Internet use disorder, and 100 respondents in the control group. RESULTS: Personality traits in the form of empathy, extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness and cooperativeness are expressed to a lesser degree in individuals with the Internet use disorder and individuals with opiate addictions compared to the control group. Psychopathological personality traits in the form of tendency towards depressive responses in stressful situations, self-handicapping behavior and neuroticisms are more expressed in individuals with the Internet use disorder and individuals with opiate addiction compared to the control group. Psychopathic traits and aggressive tendencies are more expressed in the group of individuals with opiate addiction compared to the other two groups of respondents. CONCLUSION: Results of the study support classification of the Internet use disorder in the diagnostic category ofbehavioral addictions. The qualitative analysis of psychological and psychopathological phenomenology of opiate addiction and the Internet use disorder suggest a common disposition for addictive disorders.</p>