Presentación de trabajo semestral para el curso ME50 2008-1

Thesis--Catholic University of America. / Bibliography: p. 31-33.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Economics, August 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-06T23:45:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Objetivo: Avaliar a eficacia da melatonina no tratamento preventivo da enxaqueca comparada ao placebo e a amitriptilina. Metodos: Os pacientes foram selecionados na comunidade e submetidos a entrevista clinica, exame neurologico, monitorizacao mensal de peso e de eventos adversos. O diagnostico da cefaleia foi estabelecido de acordo com os criterios diagnosticos da Sociedade Internacional de Cefaleias e os dados foram coletados em visitas consecutivas durante 3 meses. A analise estatistica foi feita comparando-se o a reducao no numero de dias com cefaleia apos periodo de tratamento, reducao da intensidade e duracao das crises de enxaqueca, uso de analgesicos, tolerabilidade da melatonina no tratamento preventivo comparada ao placebo e a amitriptilina e a presenca de efeitos colaterais. Resultados: Foram encaminhados 438 sujeitos para avaliacao. Desse total, 242 foram excluidos. Os 196 sujeitos restantes estavam de acordo com os criterios de inclusao do estudo e 18 pacientes abandonaram o estudo na fase inicial. Dentre os 178 pacientes que concluiram o estudo, 59 foram incluidos no grupo placebo, 59 no grupo amitriptilina e 60 sujeitos triados para o grupo melatonina. A melatonina apresentou resultado superior ao placebo na prevencao das crises de enxaqueca mas nao superior a amitriptilina. A melatonina apresentou melhor perfil de efeitos colaterais, com menor frequencia de sonolencia e ganho ponderal que o grupo amitriptilina. Houve reducao na duracao, intensidade e consumo de analgesicos em ambos os grupos. Conclusoes: A melatonina 3 mg e eficaz e bem tolerada no tratamento preventivo da enxaqueca. Melatonina e tao eficaz quanto a amitriptilina 25 mg, porem com melhor tolerabilidade. A melatonina pode ser uma opcao para o tratamento preventivo da enxaqueca / FAPESP: 08/54257-4 / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

This investigation examined the impact of a potent source of social influence—the placebo—on verbal and nonverbal pain expression. Placebos exert a powerful influence on pain in both clinical and laboratory settings; nevertheless, the placebo remains a poorly understood phenomenon. In the present study the placebo was employed as a social influence designed to alter subjects' expectations or beliefs concerning their response to a noxious event. Furthermore, an attempt was made to classically condition a placebo response in accordance with the conditioning theory of placebo. The pain stimulus consisted of 500-millisecond electrical shocks. The placebo was an inert white cream described as an effective and quick-acting local anaesthetic. To gain a broad assessment of verbal and nonverbal pain expression, two self-report measures and an objective behavioural measure—facial expression—were used. Self-report comprised the "Sensory" and "Unpleasantness" ratio scales (derived from Gracely, McGrath, & Dubner, 1978). Facial expressiveness was coded using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) developed by Ekman and Friesen (1978). Psychological interventions have been said to primarily alter patients' affective response to pain, thus it was expected that the greatest impact of the placebo would be reflected by the Unpleasantness Scale. The Sensory ratings and facial activity were expected to reflect less of a change. Sex differences were analyzed but were not expected because the pain stimulus intensity was individualized. Anxiety ratings taken before the trials with placebo were expected to be lower than anxiety ratings before the no-placebo trials; this was expected to be positively related to a placebo response (defined as lower pain expression during placebo trials than during no-placebo trials). In the baseline phase, subjects were tested with and without the placebo. They received the expectation manipulation that the analgesic cream would act as a local anaesthetic. Next, to condition a placebo response, in the positive conditioning group shocks administered with placebo cream were surreptitiously decreased; in the negative conditioning group shocks were increased; and in the baseline (control) group shocks remained at baseline levels. A final return-to-baseline phase tested the conditioned placebo response. A significant placebo response was found to be most clearly represented by the self-report measures and less by the facial activity. Control group subjects, who were exposed only to the verbal directive that they were receiving an analgesic cream, demonstrated a clear placebo response on both the Unpleasantness and Sensory self-report scales. Thus both self-report measures reflected a substantial placebo effect. Nonverbal expression reflected an effect only with half of the control group—the males—who exhibited significantly less facial activity during the placebo trials compared to the no-placebo trials. However, neither of the two groups exposed to manipulated shock levels demonstrated a significant conditioned placebo effect on any dependent measure. There was a modest relationship between facial activity and self-report. Self-reported anxiety was somewhat predictive of the degree to which subjects rated placebo trials as less painful than no-placebo trials, but the direction of this relationship was opposite to that hypothesized. In brief, subjects led to expect an analgesic cream, but not exposed to the conditioning manipulation, reliably exhibited a placebo response on both self-report scales; the males in this group also exhibited a placebo response as measured by facial activity. No support was found for the conditioning theory of placebo effects. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

Resveratrol, um fitoestrógeno natural tem sido visto como um opção potencial de tratamento para mulheres com endometriose, porém nenhum estudo clínico adequado foi realizado. Objetivo: Em comparação com placebo, o resveratrol (40mg/dia) reduz níveis de dor após 42 dias de uso em mulheres com endometriose usando pílula anticoncepcional monofásica (PAM). Delineamento do estudo: Neste estudo clínico randomizado, duplo-cego, controlado com placebo clínico, as mulheres com endometriose foram randomizados para receber PAM por 42 dias, para ser tomado com 42 cápsulas idênticas contendo 40 mg de resveratrol ou placebo em frascos codificados Os escores médios de dor foram medidos utilizando uma escala visual analógica (EVA) nos dias 0, 7, 21 e 42. Resultados: Este estudo decorreu entre Junho e Setembro de 2015 envolvendo 44 pacientes. Um software foi utilizado para a geração da sequência da randomização. Foram utilizados envelopes opacos selados e codificados para o cegamento. O tamanho da amostra foi calculada para ter uma chance de 95% de detectar, como significativa ao nível de 1%, uma redução de 90% em comparação com placebo e resveratrol em uma escala de 0 a 10 dor. Uma redução significativa nos níveis de dor foi encontrada entre o dia 0 e o dia 42, no grupo placebo (P = 0.02- de Equações estimação generalizada - GEE) e no grupo de resveratrol (P = 0,003 -GEE). (95% IC) Os escores médios de dor no dia 0 foram de 5,4 (4,2-6,6) no placebo e 5,7 (4,8-6,6) no grupo de resveratrol. Após 42 dias de tratamento, os valores de dor mediana foram [3,5 (2,2-4,9); n = 22] e [2,9 (1,8 a 4); n = 22] em relação ao placebo e resveratrol, respectivamente (p = 0,8 - GEE); diferença média entre os grupos (95% CI) foi de 0,75 (-1,6 a 2,3). Conclusão: Em mulheres com endometriose fazendo uso de pílula anticoncepcional monofásica, os escores de dor após 42 dias de utilização diária de 40 mg de resveratrol não foram significativamente diferentes do placebo. / Background: Resveratrol, a natural phytoestrogen, has been suggested as a possible treatment option for women with endometriosis, but there are no proper randomized clinical trial. Objective : Compared to placebo, does resveratrol (40 mg/day) reduce pain scores after 42 days of use in women with endometriosis using monophasic contraceptive pill (COC). Study Design: In this randomized double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial, women with endometriosis were randomized to receive COC for 42 days, to be taken with 42 identical capsules containing 40 mg of resveratrol or placebo in coded bottles. Median pain scores measured with an analog visual scale (AVS) on day 42 was the primary outcome. Results: This trial took place between June and September 2015 and enrolled 44 subjects. A software generated the randomization sequence. Allocation sequence was concealed in coded sequenced opaque sealed envelopes. Sample size was calculated to have a 95% chance of detecting, as significant at the 1% level, a 90% reduction comparing placebo and resveratrol in a 0 to 10 pain scale. A significant reduction in pain levels was found between day 0 and day 42, in placebo ( P =0.02- Generalized Estimating Equations - GEE) and in the resveratrol group ( P =0.003 -GEE). Mean (95%CI) pain scores at day 0 were 5.4 (4.2 to 6.6) in placebo and 5.7(4.8 to 6.6) in resveratrol groups. After 42 days of treatment, median pain values were [3.5 (2.2 to 4.9); n=22] and [2.9 (1.8 to 4); n=22] in the placebo and in the resveratrol groups, respectively ( P =0.8 - GEE); median difference between groups (95%CI) was 0.75 ( -1.6 to 2.3). Conclusion : In women with endometriosis in use of monophasic contraceptive pill, pain scores after 42 days of daily use of 40 mg of resveratrol are not significantly different from placebo.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2002. / Bibliography: leaves 148-157.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, November, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

Resveratrol, um fitoestrógeno natural tem sido visto como um opção potencial de tratamento para mulheres com endometriose, porém nenhum estudo clínico adequado foi realizado. Objetivo: Em comparação com placebo, o resveratrol (40mg/dia) reduz níveis de dor após 42 dias de uso em mulheres com endometriose usando pílula anticoncepcional monofásica (PAM). Delineamento do estudo: Neste estudo clínico randomizado, duplo-cego, controlado com placebo clínico, as mulheres com endometriose foram randomizados para receber PAM por 42 dias, para ser tomado com 42 cápsulas idênticas contendo 40 mg de resveratrol ou placebo em frascos codificados Os escores médios de dor foram medidos utilizando uma escala visual analógica (EVA) nos dias 0, 7, 21 e 42. Resultados: Este estudo decorreu entre Junho e Setembro de 2015 envolvendo 44 pacientes. Um software foi utilizado para a geração da sequência da randomização. Foram utilizados envelopes opacos selados e codificados para o cegamento. O tamanho da amostra foi calculada para ter uma chance de 95% de detectar, como significativa ao nível de 1%, uma redução de 90% em comparação com placebo e resveratrol em uma escala de 0 a 10 dor. Uma redução significativa nos níveis de dor foi encontrada entre o dia 0 e o dia 42, no grupo placebo (P = 0.02- de Equações estimação generalizada - GEE) e no grupo de resveratrol (P = 0,003 -GEE). (95% IC) Os escores médios de dor no dia 0 foram de 5,4 (4,2-6,6) no placebo e 5,7 (4,8-6,6) no grupo de resveratrol. Após 42 dias de tratamento, os valores de dor mediana foram [3,5 (2,2-4,9); n = 22] e [2,9 (1,8 a 4); n = 22] em relação ao placebo e resveratrol, respectivamente (p = 0,8 - GEE); diferença média entre os grupos (95% CI) foi de 0,75 (-1,6 a 2,3). Conclusão: Em mulheres com endometriose fazendo uso de pílula anticoncepcional monofásica, os escores de dor após 42 dias de utilização diária de 40 mg de resveratrol não foram significativamente diferentes do placebo. / Background: Resveratrol, a natural phytoestrogen, has been suggested as a possible treatment option for women with endometriosis, but there are no proper randomized clinical trial. Objective : Compared to placebo, does resveratrol (40 mg/day) reduce pain scores after 42 days of use in women with endometriosis using monophasic contraceptive pill (COC). Study Design: In this randomized double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial, women with endometriosis were randomized to receive COC for 42 days, to be taken with 42 identical capsules containing 40 mg of resveratrol or placebo in coded bottles. Median pain scores measured with an analog visual scale (AVS) on day 42 was the primary outcome. Results: This trial took place between June and September 2015 and enrolled 44 subjects. A software generated the randomization sequence. Allocation sequence was concealed in coded sequenced opaque sealed envelopes. Sample size was calculated to have a 95% chance of detecting, as significant at the 1% level, a 90% reduction comparing placebo and resveratrol in a 0 to 10 pain scale. A significant reduction in pain levels was found between day 0 and day 42, in placebo ( P =0.02- Generalized Estimating Equations - GEE) and in the resveratrol group ( P =0.003 -GEE). Mean (95%CI) pain scores at day 0 were 5.4 (4.2 to 6.6) in placebo and 5.7(4.8 to 6.6) in resveratrol groups. After 42 days of treatment, median pain values were [3.5 (2.2 to 4.9); n=22] and [2.9 (1.8 to 4); n=22] in the placebo and in the resveratrol groups, respectively ( P =0.8 - GEE); median difference between groups (95%CI) was 0.75 ( -1.6 to 2.3). Conclusion : In women with endometriosis in use of monophasic contraceptive pill, pain scores after 42 days of daily use of 40 mg of resveratrol are not significantly different from placebo.

Resveratrol, um fitoestrógeno natural tem sido visto como um opção potencial de tratamento para mulheres com endometriose, porém nenhum estudo clínico adequado foi realizado. Objetivo: Em comparação com placebo, o resveratrol (40mg/dia) reduz níveis de dor após 42 dias de uso em mulheres com endometriose usando pílula anticoncepcional monofásica (PAM). Delineamento do estudo: Neste estudo clínico randomizado, duplo-cego, controlado com placebo clínico, as mulheres com endometriose foram randomizados para receber PAM por 42 dias, para ser tomado com 42 cápsulas idênticas contendo 40 mg de resveratrol ou placebo em frascos codificados Os escores médios de dor foram medidos utilizando uma escala visual analógica (EVA) nos dias 0, 7, 21 e 42. Resultados: Este estudo decorreu entre Junho e Setembro de 2015 envolvendo 44 pacientes. Um software foi utilizado para a geração da sequência da randomização. Foram utilizados envelopes opacos selados e codificados para o cegamento. O tamanho da amostra foi calculada para ter uma chance de 95% de detectar, como significativa ao nível de 1%, uma redução de 90% em comparação com placebo e resveratrol em uma escala de 0 a 10 dor. Uma redução significativa nos níveis de dor foi encontrada entre o dia 0 e o dia 42, no grupo placebo (P = 0.02- de Equações estimação generalizada - GEE) e no grupo de resveratrol (P = 0,003 -GEE). (95% IC) Os escores médios de dor no dia 0 foram de 5,4 (4,2-6,6) no placebo e 5,7 (4,8-6,6) no grupo de resveratrol. Após 42 dias de tratamento, os valores de dor mediana foram [3,5 (2,2-4,9); n = 22] e [2,9 (1,8 a 4); n = 22] em relação ao placebo e resveratrol, respectivamente (p = 0,8 - GEE); diferença média entre os grupos (95% CI) foi de 0,75 (-1,6 a 2,3). Conclusão: Em mulheres com endometriose fazendo uso de pílula anticoncepcional monofásica, os escores de dor após 42 dias de utilização diária de 40 mg de resveratrol não foram significativamente diferentes do placebo. / Background: Resveratrol, a natural phytoestrogen, has been suggested as a possible treatment option for women with endometriosis, but there are no proper randomized clinical trial. Objective : Compared to placebo, does resveratrol (40 mg/day) reduce pain scores after 42 days of use in women with endometriosis using monophasic contraceptive pill (COC). Study Design: In this randomized double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial, women with endometriosis were randomized to receive COC for 42 days, to be taken with 42 identical capsules containing 40 mg of resveratrol or placebo in coded bottles. Median pain scores measured with an analog visual scale (AVS) on day 42 was the primary outcome. Results: This trial took place between June and September 2015 and enrolled 44 subjects. A software generated the randomization sequence. Allocation sequence was concealed in coded sequenced opaque sealed envelopes. Sample size was calculated to have a 95% chance of detecting, as significant at the 1% level, a 90% reduction comparing placebo and resveratrol in a 0 to 10 pain scale. A significant reduction in pain levels was found between day 0 and day 42, in placebo ( P =0.02- Generalized Estimating Equations - GEE) and in the resveratrol group ( P =0.003 -GEE). Mean (95%CI) pain scores at day 0 were 5.4 (4.2 to 6.6) in placebo and 5.7(4.8 to 6.6) in resveratrol groups. After 42 days of treatment, median pain values were [3.5 (2.2 to 4.9); n=22] and [2.9 (1.8 to 4); n=22] in the placebo and in the resveratrol groups, respectively ( P =0.8 - GEE); median difference between groups (95%CI) was 0.75 ( -1.6 to 2.3). Conclusion : In women with endometriosis in use of monophasic contraceptive pill, pain scores after 42 days of daily use of 40 mg of resveratrol are not significantly different from placebo.