<p>Denna rapport utreder översiktligt regional och kommunal infrastruktur ochmiljöpåverkan från transporter av bergmassor, bentonit och lera vid ett slutförvar avkärnavfall eller om det inte blir ett slutförvar i Oskarshamns kommun. Strategin harvarit att utefter de regionala miljökvalitetsmålen begränsad klimatpåverkan, frisk luftsamt det länsegna målet fossilbränslefri zon år 2030 undersöka hur olika lastbärare(lastbil, tåg och fartyg) bidrar till måluppfyllelse. Slutsatsen är att det mest troligascenariot med transporterna är olika transportalternativ beroende på vart materialetskall någonstans och vad det skall användas till. Oavsett om det blir ett slutförvar ellerej i Oskarshamns kommun, kommer infrastrukturen att bli förändrad, speciellt för deboende i Misterhults socken. Fossilbränslefrizon år 2030 är det målet som inte skullenå måluppfyllelse ifall enbart lastbärare med fossilt bränsle skulle användas vidtransporterna.</p><p>2008:Nr 3 Teknik</p>

Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB (LKAB) rullar järnmalmslig till råkulor, som sedan bränns till pellets. Råkulorna bildas i rullkretsar som består av rulltrummor och rullsiktar. Under 2017 färdigställdes en pilotskaleanläggning för kulrullning i LKAB:s Agglomeringslaboratorium i Malmberget. Syftet med anläggningen är att prediktera dynamiken i en storskalig rullkrets, under olika betingelser. Detta examensarbete är ett första försök att i forskningssyfte studera gensvaret i LKAB:s pilotrullkrets. Syftet var att undersöka om pilotrullkretsen kan prediktera dynamiken och råkulekvalitet i rullning i storskaliga rullkretsar och målet var att fastställa ett effektivt körsätt. Kulrullning är inom LKAB:s kärnkompetens och därför har reagensursprung och karaktär samt dimensionering av rullkretsen lagts med sekretess. Kodnamn används både för sliger och reagens. Arbetet inleddes med att skapa ett körschema med målet att så många olika blandningar som möjligt kunde köras i pilotrullkretsen under en normal arbetsdag. Fem olika blandningar kunde köras. Fyra olika tillsatser testades: bentonit, ett flotationsreagens (FLOT), ett organiskt bindemedel (OB) och en ny utvecklingsprodukt (UTV). Första körningen i pilotrullkretsen var med varierande doseringar av bentonit eftersom dess inverkan i kulrullning är välkänt hos LKAB. Försök två och tre, med FLOT respektive OB, kunde jämföras mot tidigare erfarenhet från storskaliga försök. Det fjärde och sista försöket var ett test hur pilotrullkretsen predikterade utvecklingsprodukten UTV. Varje typ av försök utfördes två gånger. Pilotrullkretsen predikterade väl både dynamik och råkulekvalitet i alla de tre försöken där erfarenhet från storskaliga körningar var tillgängligt. Den nya, okända, UTV-produkten visade en förbättrad råkulekvalitet, utan att dynamiken i kretsen påverkades negativt. UTV kan därför vara ett intressant alternativ för ett framtida storskaligt försök hos LKAB. Det framtagna körschemat fungerade mycket väl. Ett ”grundanalyspaket” har skapats för att underlätta planering och genomförande för framtida pilotrullkretsförsök hos LKAB. Antalet personer som behövs vid rullkretskörningar beror på antalet blandningar och analyser. Vid enklare körningar behövs minst fem personer, utöver försöksledaren. Mer komplexa körningar kan kräva sju personer. / Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB (LKAB) produce pellets from magnetite iron ore. Pellets are formed by balling moist iron ore concentrate to green pellets, which are then burned to pellets. The green pellets are formed in balling circuits consisting of balling drums and roller decks for screening. In 2017 a pilot scale balling circuit with a drum was completed in LKAB's agglomeration laboratory in Malmberget. The purpose of the pilot balling circuit is to predict the dynamics in a full scale balling circuit under different conditions. This master degree project is an initial attempt to study the response in LKAB's pilot circuit in terms of green pellet quality and dynamics in the circuit. The goal was to determine an effective way to run experiments and to investigate whether the pilot circuit can predict the dynamics of balling in large-scale circuits. Pelletizing production is within LKAB's core competence, and therefore the origin and character of the reagents, as well as the design of the pilot balling drum circuit, are confidential. Code names are used for both iron ore concentrates and reagents. The work began by creating a test procedure with the aim of running as many different mixtures as possible in the pilot balling circuit during a normal working day. Five different mixtures could be run. Four different additives were tested: bentonite, a flotation reagent (FLOT), an organic binder (OB) and a new development product (UTV). The first experiment in the pilot balling circuit was run with varying doses of bentonite because its impact in balling is well known at LKAB. Experiment two and three, with FLOT and OB, could be compared to previous experience from large scale test runs. The fourth and last experiment was a test of how the pilot circuit predicted the behavior of a new development product UTV. Each type of experiment was performed twice. The pilot balling circle predicted well both dynamics and green pellet quality in all three experiments where experience from large-scale runs was available. The new, unknown, UTV product showed improved green pellet quality, without affecting adversely on the dynamics of the circuit. UTV can therefore be an interesting option for a future large scale run at LKAB. The developed working schedule worked very well. A "basic analysis package" has been created to facilitate planning of future experiments in the pilot balling circuit. The number of persons needed to run the circuit depends on the number of mixtures and analyzes. For smaller experiments, at least five people is required, in addition to the leader of the experiments. More advanced experiments will demand seven people.

Shortening of the time required to make first product after demand is a crucial factor in every field of industry, not excluding the foundry. To lower this delay, there are rapid prototyping methods. The aim of this thesis is to execute an experiment and then evaluate possibilities of using patterns made by 3D FDM printer on an automatic molding line.

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desaharifikacije melase i sprečavanje eventualnih nepoželjnih promena pri skladi&scaron;tenju melase. Stoga je predmet istraživanja ove disertacije redukovanje sadržaja nesaharoznih jedinjenja u melasi &scaron;ećerne repe upotrebom prirodnih adsorbenata mineralnog (različiti tipovi bentonita) i celuloznog (celuloza različitog stepena čistoće i modifikovani ekstrahovani rezanci &scaron;ećerne repe) porekla. Variranjem pH vrednosti sredine, suve materije melase i koncentracije primenjenog adsorbenta ispitan je sinergistički efekat uslova tretmana na stepen redukcije sadržaja nesaharoznih jedinjenja u melasi. Efikasnost sprovedenog tretmana utvrđena je na osnovu promena parametara kvaliteta melase i to boje, mutnoće, sadržaja saharoze, sadržaja suve materije i sadržaja pepela. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">Na osnovu rezultata uočava se da je pozitivan uticaj kombinovanog dejstva upotrebljenih adsorbenata i uslova tretmana najizraženiji kod mutnoće i boje melase &scaron;to potvrđuje afinitet adsorbenata ka zadržavanju i/ili vezivanju bojenih materija. Takođe, navedeni pozitivan uticaj izražen je u manjoj ili većoj meri u zavisnosti od tipa primenjenog adsorbenta ali i uslova gde je uglavnom dominantan uticaj pH vrednosti </span></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings></xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:DoNotShowRevisions/> <w:DoNotPrintRevisions/> <w:DoNotShowMarkup/> <w:DoNotShowComments/> <w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/> <w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="&#45;-"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument></xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked=&qu / <p>&nbsp;</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">The application of different treatments aiming to reduce the content of non-sugar compounds in sugar beet molasses is a potential method for molasses quality enhancement, facilitation of molasses desugarization process and prevention of any undesirable changes during molasses storage. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation is to reduce the content of non-sugar compounds in sugar beet molasses by using natural adsorbents of mineral (different types of bentonite) and cellulosic (cellulose of different purity and modified sugar beet pulp) origin. By varying treatment conditions such as pH, molasses dry substance and the applied adsorbent concentration, the synergistic effect of the treatment conditions on the reduction efficiency of non-sugar compounds content in molasses was examined. The treatment effectiveness was determined based on changes in molasses quality parameters, namely color, turbidity, sucrose content, dry substance content and ash content.</span></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings></xml><![endif]--></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:DoNotShowRevisions/> <w:DoNotPrintRevisions/> <w:DoNotShowMarkup/> <w:DoNotShowComments/> <w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/> <w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="&#45;-"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument></xml><![endif]--></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;">According to the obtained results, the positive influence of the combined effect of applied adsorbents and treatment conditions is most pronounced for molasses quality parameters turbidity and colour, which confirms the applied adsorbents affinity towards coloured compounds retention or binding. Also, the stated positive influence is expressed to a greater or lesser extent depending on the type of adsorbent used as well as the conditions applied, where the influence of pH is mainly dominant.</span></p><p><!--[if gte mso 10]><style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-priority:99;mso-style-parent:"";mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;mso-para-margin-top:0cm;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0cm;line-height:115%;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}</style><![endif]--></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> 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Author´s name: Bc. Stanislav Klimek School: Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Energy institute Title: Determining the life storage of a carbon steel cask Consultant: Prof. Ing. Oldřich Matal, CSc. Number of pages: 70 Year: 2009 The assignment of this diploma thesis is to estimate the lifetime of spent fuel container made from carbon steel grade. This container is designed for deep geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel. Basic mechanism of corrosion are described in detail in the first part. Further on, this work deals with the other specific phenomena and influences, which affect at corrosion of steel in conditions of a deep geological repository. Heat, radiation and surroundings are considered of particular importance. In the following part an estimate of the lifetime of model container is introduced, which is affected by temperature and radiation. Here recommendations for protection of container are introduced, arising from the model calculation. Finally, the relevancy of incidence of particular parameters is evaluated, which affect the corrosion.

Abandoned mines present considerable environmental risks through the release of toxic metals, particularly into adjacent water bodies. The implementation of reliable geotechnical cut-off walls containing bentonite stands as a crucial strategy in mitigating environmental groundwater contamination. This study evaluates the viability of employing the methylene blue titration method to quantify bentonite content in till samples, with the objective of verifying the assumed bentonite content (3.5%) and exploring the impact of sample preparation on bentonite content determined through titrations. Bentonite, known for its swelling properties and high cation exchange capacity, was introduced into till samples both in laboratory settings and on-site. The methylene blue titration method was utilized to measure bentonite content in these samples. Laboratory results indicated significant variations in bentonite content depending on the sample preparation method, with methods employing soil homogenization proving more effective in quantifying bentonite accurately. The study's findings support the hypothesis that the methylene blue method can reliably quantify bentonite in till soil samples with the correct preparation in a laboratory environment. On-site analysis exhibited larger variations and deviations in bentonite content quantifications compared to laboratory-based incorporations. Additionally, on-site incorporated samples demonstrated a statistically significant difference in bentonite content compared to laboratory-incorporated samples, highlighting the method's sensitivity and need for future research. This research contributes valuable insights into leveraging methylene blue titration for quantifying bentonite in till soils, crucial for establishing geotechnical barriers to control toxic metal output from mines.