Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T12:56:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ildenice.pdf: 920741 bytes, checksum: cb605055b3e79b9a2a27421635da66c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-29 / The oil constituent of Cinnamomum zeylanicum were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil activity were also evaluated against larvae and engorged females Rhipicephalus microplus(cattle tick). The leaves oil showed a yeld of 1.03% and its main constituints were benzyl benzoate (65.39%), linalool (5.37%), E-cinnamaldeyde (3.97%), α-Pinene (3.95%), β-phellandrene (3.42%), Eugenol (3.36%) e Benzaldeyde (2.68%), corresponding approximately to 88% of the oil. Test package larvae and immersion test of engorged were performed. Similar tests were also performed for the standard benzyl benzoate, the main component of the essential oil. Lethal concentrations of the larvae test were 1.005 mg.mLˉ¹ and 3.368 mg.mLˉ¹ for the essential oil and the standard benzyl benzoate respectively, thus demonstrating that the oil had a better larvicidal activity against the R. microplus. As for the adult immersion test, it was observed that both the essential oil and the standard benzyl benzoate did not cause mortality in direct engorged female R. microplus, but interfered with the process of reproduction of ticks, causing a decrease in egg production and decreased hatchability and mortality of larvae, so thus presenting partial control over the cattle tick. / Os constituintes do óleo de Cinnamomum zeylanicum foram identificados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM). Também foi avaliada a atividade deste óleo essencial contra larvas e fêmeas de Rhipicephalus microplus (carrapato bovino). O óleo das folhas mostrou um rendimento de 1,03% e seus principais constituintes foram Benzoato de Benzila (65,39%), Linalol (5,37%), E-Cinamaldeido (3,97%), α-Pineno (3,95%), β-Felandreno (3,42%), Eugenol (3,36%) e Benzaldeido (2,68%), correspondendo aproximadamente a 88% do óleo. Teste de pacote de larvas e teste de imersão de fêmeas ingurgitadas foram realizados. Testes semelhantes também foram feitos para o padrão Benzoato de Benzila, componente principal do óleo essencial. As concentrações letais do teste de larvas foram de 1,005 mg.mLˉ¹ e 3,368 mg.mLˉ¹ para o óleo essencial e para o padrão Benzoato de Benzila, respectivamente, demonstrando assim que o óleo teve uma melhor atividade larvicida contra o R. microplus. Já para o teste de imersão de adultos, foi observado que, tanto o óleo essencial como o padrão Benzoato de Benzila não ocasionaram mortalidade direta nas fêmeas ingurgitadas de R. microplus, mas interferiram no processo de reprodução dos carrapatos, ocasionando diminuição na produção de ovos e diminuição na eclodibilidade e mortalidade das larvas, portanto, apresentando assim, um controle parcial sobre o carrapato bovino.

Yes / The extraction of bioactive compounds, produced by plant cell cultures, directly from their culture medium, which contains other by-products, is a great challenge. Resveratrol extraction from its grapevine cell cultures is considered here as an example to improve the extraction processes from plant cell cultures using solubility parameters. Successive liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) processes were exploited to extract resveratrol from the culture medium with an extraction ratio approaching 100%, high selectivity and minimum amounts of solvents. The calculations of partition coefficients as a function of solubility parameters demonstrated that benzyl benzoate is the most suitable intermediate solvent to extract resveratrol from its aqueous medium. The calculations also illustrated the high ability of methanol and ethanol to extract resveratrol from benzyl benzoate. The physicochemical properties of benzyl benzoate and processing conditions were exploited to separate it from aqueous media and organic solvents. The agitation method, component ratios and extraction time were studied to maximize the extraction yield. Under the best studied conditions, the recovery of resveratrol from different culture media approached ∼100% with a selectivity of ∼92%. Ultimately, the improved extraction processes of resveratrol are markedly efficient, selective, rapid and economical. / Mohammad Amin Mohammad gratefully acknowledges CARA (The Council for At-Risk Academics, Stephen Wordsworth and Ryan Mundy) for providing the financial support for an academic fellowship.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:38:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Rute Cordeiro.pdf: 1697344 bytes, checksum: c49bee8f561162a88549115390df463d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to develop methods for obtaining extracts for the isolation and chemical analysis of propolis using two samples from the region known as “Campos Gerais do Paraná”. One of the studied propolis samples was produced in the district of Ipiranga and another in the municipality of Ponta Grossa. The utilized general fractionation method allowed obtaining from the same sample the essential oils and then the aqueous extracts and various organic fractions containing chemical components of several polarities. The analyses of the essential oils showed that both samples of propolis contain several components found in Baccharis dracunculifolia, known as vassoura or alecrim do campo, indicating that these are similar to those of green propolis produced in southeastern Brazil. The analyses also demonstrated the presence of phenol compounds such as flavonoids and caffeoylquinic acids, pointing once again that the botanical origin of both propolis includes the alecrim do campo. The analyses of essential oils originating from Ipiranga propolis sample indicated spathulenol and (E)-nerolidol as the main components, while the one acquired in Ponta Grossa showed high proportions of two substances containing aromatic rings in their structures, 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol and benzyl benzoate. The two sesquiterpene alcohols spathulenol and (E)-nerolidol are commonly found in essential oils from B. dracunculifolia and appear in propolis from Ponta Grossa in low percentages, while the two mentioned aromatic compounds are not commonly found in the genus Baccharis. The various analyses of extracts and isolates showed that two aromatic acids may be considered as marker substances for both samples of propolis. The para-hydroxycinnamic acid seemed to be characteristic of propolis from Ipiranga, while the benzoic acid could be considered typical of the sample from Ponta Grossa. Atomic absorption spectrometry analyses that were conducted with both studied propolis did not indicate neither high levels of essential minerals nor the presence of heavy metals, and this fact represents a guarantee that producers have been working in clean environments. / Este estudo buscou desenvolver métodos para a obtenção de extratos destinados ao isolamento e análises químicas de própolis utilizando duas amostras provenientes da Região dos Campos Gerais do Paraná. Uma das amostras de própolis estudadas foi produzida no município de Ipiranga e a outra no município de Ponta Grossa. O método geral de fracionamento utilizado permitiu obter, de uma mesma amostra, os óleos essenciais e em seguida o extrato aquoso e diversos extratos orgânicos contendo substâncias de várias polaridades. As análises dos óleos essenciais demonstraram que ambas as amostras de própolis contém vários componentes também presentes na espécie vegetal Baccharis dracunculifolia, conhecida como vassoura ou alecrim do campo, indicando tratar-se da chamada própolis verde, similares às produzidas na região sudeste do Brasil. As análises também demonstraram a presença de substâncias fenólicas, tanto flavonoides como ácidos cafeoilquínicos, reforçando que a origem botânica das própolis analisadas inclui o alecrim dos campos. As análises de óleos essenciais da amostra de Ipiranga indicaram como componentes principais o espatulenol e o (E)-nerolidol, enquanto que as de Ponta Grossa apresentaram altas proporções de duas substâncias contendo anéis aromáticos em suas estruturas, o 2,6-di-t-butil-p-cresol e o benzilbenzoato. Os dois álcoois sesquiterpênicos espatulenol e (E)-nerolidol são encontrados comumente em óleos essenciais de B. dracunculifolia e aparecem na própolis de Ponta Grossa em baixas porcentagens, enquanto que os dois mencionados compostos aromáticos não são tão comuns em espécies do gênero Baccharis. As diversas análises de extratos e isolamentos demonstraram que dois ácidos aromáticos podem ser considerados como substâncias marcadoras das duas amostras de própolis analisadas. O ácido para-hidroxicinâmico mostrou-se característico da própolis de Ipiranga, enquanto que o ácido benzóico pode ser considerado típico da amostra de Ponta Grossa. As análises por espectrometria de absorção atômica que foram conduzidas com ambas as própolis estudadas não indicaram níveis elevados de metais e nem a presença de metais pesados inconvenientes, sendo mais uma garantia de que os produtores estão trabalhando em ambientes limpos quanto a este aspecto.