La génération de signaux microondes, millimétriques, voire THz par voie optique est actuellement une solution technique privilégiée pour la réalisation de systèmes de (télé)communications mobiles haut débit mais encore, les réseaux de distribution d'oscillateurs locaux et de signaux d'observation ou de radar intrasatellitaires, la distribution de signaux vidéo, la communication automobile, les systèmes de visualisation THz pour la sécurité, etc… Nous reportons ici la réalisation et la caractérisation d'une source optique ultra-compacte en matériau semiconducteur permettant de générer deux modes optiques séparés de la fréquence que l'on désire créer au niveau de la photodétection. Cette source prend la forme d'un laser DFB bi-longueur d'onde émettant dans la gamme de longueurs d'onde autour de 1,55µm. Le composant a été fabriqué chez Alcatel-Thales III-VLab à partir d'une technologie propriétaire de laser DFB et dans le cade du projet Européen IPHOBAC. Différents objectifs avaient été fixés pour ce composant: accordabilité de l'écartement intermodal jusque 300 GHz, largeur de raie de l'ordre du MHz et divergence dans le plan horizontal et vertical de 10°. Le premier objectif a été atteint par la réalisation de deux lasers DFB dont l'écart de pas de réseau est différent de 0,3nm et par la variation des courants d'injection de chaque section. Le second a été globalement atteint par l'utilisation d'une structure active à puits quantiques, une nouvelle version du composant utilisant des boites quantiques devrait remplir complètement cet objectif. Le dernier objectif a été partiellement atteint par la conception et l'adjonction d'un adaptateur de mode en sortie de composant, la divergence obtenue est de 10°x17° (HxV). Dans le plan vertical, les 10° de divergence n'ont pas pu être obtenus principalement à cause de la structure du composant et des limitations que l'on s'était imposées sur la longueur totale de celui-ci. / Generation of microwave, millimetre-wave even THz signals by optical means is currently a favoured technique for a lot of system applications such as: high bit-rate wireless telecommunications, local oscillator or radar signal distribution within satellites, video signal distribution, automotive communications, THz security systems, etc… We report here the fabrication and the characterization of an ultra-compact optical source made of semiconductor material. It allows generating two optical modes that are separated by the frequency that is requested at the photodetector level. This source is composed of two DFB lasers constituting a dual-mode laser emitting in the 1.55µm wavelength range. The device has been fabricated at Alcatel-Thales III-VLab using a proprietary DFB technology and the work has been supported under the "IPHOBAC" European project. Several targets were fixed for this device: tunability of intermodal spacing up to 300GHz, optical linewidth close to the MHz as well as horizontal and vertical divergences around 10°. The first goal has been achieved by using two DFB structures with a 0.3nm difference in the grating pitch and tuning the drive current of each section. The second goal has been globally achieved by using a quantum well based active layer. A new version including quantum dot based active layer should answer positively to this target. Last objective was partially obtained by the design and the integration of a spot size converter. The divergence has been measured as 10°x17° (HxV). Concerning the vertical divergence, the target of 10° was not obtained mainly linked to the device structure and the limitations we fixed on the overall length of the device.

The present diploma thesis focuses on the subject matter of large data warehouses under the aspect of their sustainable operation and development, seeking to analyze the key factors which influence the operation of data warehouses at large businesses. The thesis is divided into three main sections, preceded by a short theoretical introduction. The first part aims at explaining and illustrating the architecture of data warehouses, with the bulk of this section being devoted to a description of the key components of data warehouse solutions as a whole, and the various available alternatives for their technical implementation. The second section familiarizes the reader with the manner in which data warehouses are managed and operated, discussing the most important operational tasks in individual sub-sections. The final section focuses on working with client tools within the ETL platform of Informatica Powercenter. This work's original contribution lies in the comparison of how the design of individual components expresses itself in the simplicity and quality of routine operations. As a matter of fact, data warehouses can only be operated as conveniently and competently as they were designed and implemented. In this thesis of mine, I primarily draw on my immediate experience and acquired knowledge from data warehouse operations at a large domestic enterprise.

Thesis is devoted on Business Intelligence tools in cloud, as one of the main trends of this area. BI tools in cloud have become widely used after companies begin to realize importance of data analysis for getting a competitive advantage. The high cost for implementation of a BI caused, that companies started discovering tools which can be implementing and operating with significantly lower costs and outside of their own infrastructure. The practical part of the thesis is focused on analysis and comparison currently using BI cloud tools. The analysis is based on practical examples which should test selected solutions for using at corporate sector of small and medium enterprises. Each of selected solutions is analyzed from several points of view and rated. Beside analysis is the next main goal of the thesis evaluation of best solution for companies and define potentials benefits and limitations which can follow implementation and operation.

Supercritical CO2 foam processing of biopolymers represents a green processing route to environmentally friendly media and packaging foams. Mater-Bi, a multiconstituent biopolymer of polyester, starch and vegetable oils has shown much promise for biodegradation. The polymer, however, is not foamable with CO2 so blended with another polymer which is. Polycaprolactone is a biopolymer with potential of 4000% change in volume with CO2. Thus we investigate blends of Mater-Bi (MB) and polycaprolactone (PCL) foamed in supercritical CO2 using the batch process. Characterization of the foamed and unfoamed samples were done using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Micrographs of the samples from the SEM revealed that the cell size of the foams reduced and increased with increase in MB concentration and increase in the foaming temperature respectively. Mechanical tests; tensile, compression, shear and impact were performed on the foamed samples. It was noted that between the 20-25% wt. MB, there was an improvement in the mechanical properties. This suggests that at these compositions, there is a high interaction between PCL and MB at the molecular level compared to other compositions. The results indicate that green processing of polymer blends is viable.

As origens dos elementos residuais (trace element) nas ligas à base de Ni provém basicamente de duas fontes: (1) minérios e (2) sucatas. O controle da concentração destes elementos residuais é muito importante, pois afetam as propriedades mecânicas dessas ligas. Alguns estudos mostram que os elementos Pb e Bi têm um sério impacto negativo nos resultados dos ensaios de fluência das ligas a base de Ni. A presença dessas impurezas causa o aumento da quantidade de cavidades nos contornos de grão que resultam em fracasso prematuro na vida útil desse material. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a cinética da remoção de elementos residuais, tais como Pb e Bi da liga VAT32 através da aplicação de vácuo durante a elaboração da liga. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a taxa de remoção dos residuais Pb e Bi no refino a vácuo atingiram percentuais de 99,6% e 96,1% respectivamente. Fatores como volume do cadinho, elevação de temperatura, níveis de vácuo abaixo de 10-4 mbar, limpeza do sistema que compreende câmara e cadinho (residuais de corridas anteriores), contribuem significativamente para as taxas acima descritas. Por outro lado, quanto maior o volume de liga fundida, diminuição de temperatura, vácuo deficiente ou contaminação do sistema, a taxa de remoção de Pb e Bi são prejudicadas. / The origins of trace elements in Ni-based alloys come basically from two sources: (1) minerals and (2) scrap. Control of the concentration of trace elements is very important because they affect the mechanical properties of these alloys. Some studies show that the elements Pb and Bi have a serious negative impact on the results of creep tests of Ni based alloys. The presences of these impurities cause the increase of the number of cavities at grain boundaries that result in premature failure of this material. Thus, this work aims to study the kinetics of removal of trace elements such as Pb and Bi in alloy VAT32 by applying vacuum during the preparation of the alloy. The results showed that the rate of removal of residual Pb and Bi in the vacuum refining reached 99.6% and 96.1% respectively. Parameters such as the crucible volume, high temperature, vacuum levels below 10-4 mbar, cleaning of the system which comprises chamber and crucible (residual from previous races), contribute significantly to the rates described above. Moreover, the higher the volume of molten alloy, low temperature, vacuum system contamination and low vacuum pressure decrease, refining degree of Pb and Bi.

This master’s thesis deals with design of the monitoring solution for the Power BI service. The thesis is divided into theoretical, analytical and design sections. In the theoretical part describes the theoretical fundamentals, used technologies and analytical tools. The analytical part analyzes the company Intelligent Technologies, competitive solutions and data sources for the design part. The design part proposes its own solution for monitoring the Power BI service, including the costs and benefits of the proposed solution.

The diploma thesis deals with the design and creation of a reporting solution in a corporate environment over a selected Business Intelligence system. The most suitable Business Intelligence solution will be selected on the basis of criteria specified by the company and a comparison of existing solutions. The output of the diploma thesis will be automatic monitoring of company reports in the Business Intelligence environment, both in information and visually attractive form.

Aujourd'hui, le problème de stationnement devient l'un des enjeux majeurs de la recherche dans la planification des transports urbains et la gestion du trafic. En fait, les conséquences de l'absence de places de stationnement ainsi que la gestion inadéquate de ces installations sont énormes. L'objectif de cette thèse est de fournir des algorithmes efficaces et robustes afin que les conducteurs gagnent du temps et de l'argent et aussi augmenter les revenus des gestionnaires de parking. Le problème est formulé comme un problème d'affectation multi-objectifs dans des environnements statique et dynamique. Tout d'abord, dans l'environnement statique, nous proposons de nouvelles heuristiques en deux phases pour calculer une approximation de l'ensemble des solutions efficaces pour un problème bi-objectif. Dans la première phase, nous générons l'ensemble des solutions supportées par un algorithme dichotomique standard. Dans la deuxième phase, nous proposons quatre métaheuristiques pour générer une approximation des solutions non supportées. Les approches proposées sont testées sur le problème du plus court chemin bi-objectif et le problème d'affectation bi-objectif. Dans le contexte de l'environnement dynamique, nous proposons une formulation du problème sous forme d'un programme linéaire en nombres entiers mixtes qui est résolue à plusieurs reprises sur un horizon de temps donné. Les fonctions objectives considérées, permettent un équilibre entre la satisfaction des conducteurs et l'intérêt du gestionnaire de parking. Deux approches sont proposées pour résoudre ce problème d'affectation dynamique avec ou sans phase d'apprentissage. Pour renforcer la phase d'apprentissage, un algorithme à estimation de distribution est proposé pour prévoir la demande future. Pour évaluer l'efficacité des algorithmes proposés, des essais de simulation ont été effectués. Aussi une mise en œuvre pilote a été menée dans le parking à l'Université de Valenciennes en utilisant une plateforme existante, appelée Context Aware Transportation Services (CATS), qui permet le déploiement dynamique de services. Cette plate-forme peut dynamiquement passer d'une approche à l'autre en fonction du contexte. Enfin cette thèse s'inscrit dans le projet SYstem For Smart Road Applications ( SYFRA). / The parking problem is nowadays one of the major issues in urban transportation planning and traffic management research. In fact, the consequences of the lack of parking slots along with the inadequate management of these facilities are tremendous. The aim of this thesis is to provide efficient and robust algorithms in order to save time and money for drivers and to increase the income of parking managers. The problem is formulated as a multi-objective assignment problem in static and dynamic environments. First, for the static environment, we propose new two-phase heuristics to calculate an approximation of the set of efficient solutions for a bi-objective problem. In the first phase, we generate the supported efficient set with a standard dichotomic algorithm. In the second phase we use four metaheuristics to generate an approximation of the non-supported efficient solutions. The proposed approaches are tested on the bi-objective shortest path problem and the biobjective assignment problem. For the dynamic environment, we propose a mixed integer linear programming formulation that is solved several times over a given horizon. The objective functions consist of a balance between the satisfaction of drivers and the interest of the parking managers. Two approaches are proposed for this dynamic assignment problem with or without learning phase. To reinforce the learning phase, an estimation of distribution algorithm is proposed to predict the future demand. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, simulation tests have been carried out. A pilot implementation has also been conducted in the parking of the University of Valenciennes, using an existing platform called framework for context aware transportation services, which allows dynamic deployment of services. This platform can dynamically switch from one approach to another depending on the context. This thesis is part of the project SYstem For Smart Road Applications (SYFRA).

This thesis follows up the creation of data warehouse on Microsoft SQL Server for analysis of measured railway vehicle transits, with provided weather data by Dark Sky service. Thesis represents full data warehouse design (by Kimball Group model) with ETL processes to secure data initialization and automatic updates. Thesis also shows two approaches to presentation layer on data warehouse, by Microsoft Excel (linked to multidimensional cube) and by Power BI.

Thin cylindrical shell structures may provide an interesting breakthrough for deployable structures for small satellites. Its bi-stable behaviour allows two different stable configurations: coiled and deployed. Several projects worldwide are using tape springs for satellites and for the SEAM project, at KTH, 1 meter long tape springs will be used for booms. This thesis investigates the energy stored inside the tape spring according to its layup configuration and the different fiber orientations. With a thickness around 0.3 mm and a length of one meter, the booms will deploy sensors with a quite low deployment speed in order to minimize the shick load during the deployment phase. A Matlab code is written to compare the stored strain energy. Another aim is to find an adequate layout all along the tape spring, it means change the fiber orientation to decrease the energy released, but also generating main manufacturing issue.