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Neste trabalho uma classe de carboxilatos trinucleares de rutênio coordenados a ligantes ortometalados foi apresentada. As propriedades eletrônicas, eletroquímicas e fotofísicas destes complexos foram investigadas, bem como a atividade anticâncer e interações com biomoléculas alvo, DNA e HSA. Foram realizadas as sínteses e caracterização dos ligantes (L2) C18H10N4, (L3) C19H12N4, (L4) C18H9ClN4, dos precursores (1) [Ru3O(OAc)6(CH3OH)3]CH3COO, (2) [Ru3O(OAc)6(CO)(CH3OH)2], (3) [Ru3O(OAc)6(CO)(py)2], (4) [Ru3O(OAc)6(H2O)(py)2]PF6 e dos novos complexos (1-5), [Ru3O(OAc)5(py)2(L)]PF6, (onde py = piridina, L1 = dppn, L2 = dppz, L3 = dppzCH3, L4 = dppzCl, L5 = phen). Os dados de RMN mostraram que a ortometalação dos ligantes fenazínicos afeta a estrutura dos complexos, com severo abaixamento de simetria. Já a investigação das propriedades eletrônicas e eletroquímicas indicaram que a presença de diferentes substituintes e a basicidade dos ligantes ortometalados influenciaram pouco as propriedades da unidade [Ru3O]+. Em termos da estrutura eletrônica dos complexos, este efeito indica que não há interações de natureza significativas entre os orbitais da unidade [Ru3O]+ e dos ligantes ortometalados. Esse fato pode se originar na falta de planaridade entre a unidade [Ru3O]+ e os ligantes fenazínicos. Os resultados de citotoxicidade em linhagem de célula tumoral (B16F10) e não tumoral (L929) mostraram que os complexos apresentam efeito citotóxico maior contra as células tumorais do que os ligantes livres, bem como baixa citotoxicidade contra a célula não tumoral. Estes resultados mostraram que a série com ligantes ortometalados traz os exemplos com os melhores desempenhos já observados em nosso grupo de pesquisa, em comparação com outros clusters com ponte -oxo, frente ao câncer de melanoma. Os estudos de interação com biomoléculas alvo mostraram que os complexos interagem com o DNA e a HSA. Com o DNA observou-se interações de natureza eletrostática, com contribuição do mecanismo de intercalação à medida que o tamanho e a extensão da conjugação dos ligantes ortometalados aumentam, sendo que o processo de intercalação é favorecido no caso do complexo (1) com o ligante dppn. Foram realizados estudos de interação dos complexos (1-5) com a HSA. Constataram-se valores altos das constantes de ligação complexos-HSA (da ordem 109 M-1) e alterações na estrutura secundária da proteína. Os parâmetros termodinâmicos de interação com o DNA e HSA indicaram que as interações clusters-biomoléculas também apresentam contribuições de caráter hidrofóbico / In this work a class of trinuclear ruthenium carboxylates coordinated to ortho-metallated ligands was presented. The electronic, electrochemical and photophysical properties of these complexes were investigated, as well as anticancer activity and interactions with target biomolecules, DNA and HSA. Synthesis and characterization of ligands (L2) C18H10N4, (L3) C19H12N4, (L4) C18H9ClN4, precursors (1) [Ru3O(OAc)6(CH3OH)3]CH3COO, (2) [Ru3O(OAc)6(CO)(CH3OH)2], (3) [Ru3O(OAc)6(CO)(py)2], (4) [Ru3O(OAc)6(py)2(CH3OH)]PF6 and the complexes (1-5), [Ru3O(OAc)5(py)2(L)] PF6, (where py = pyridine, L1 = dppn, L2 = dppz, L3 = dppzCH3, L4 = dppzCl, L5 = phen). NMR data showed that the ortho-metallation of phenazine ligands affects the structure of the complexes, with severe symmetry lowering. On the other hand, the investigation of the electronic and electrochemical properties indicated that presence of different substituents and the basicity of the ortho-metallated ligands influence little the properties of the unit [Ru3O]+. In terms of the electronic structure of the complexes, this effect indicates that there are no significant -type interactions between the orbitals of the [Ru3O]+ unit and ortometalated ligands. This fact may arise from the lack of planarity between the [Ru3O]+ unit and the phenazine ligands. The results of cytotoxicity in tumor cell and non-tumor cell lines showed that the complexes have a greater cytotoxic effect against tumor cells than free ligands, as well as low cytotoxicity against the non-tumor cell. These results have shown that the series with ortometal ligands brings the best performing examples already observed in our research group, compared to other trinuclear acetates of ruthenium with -oxo bridge, against melanoma cancer. The interaction studies with target biomolecules showed that the complexes interact with DNA and HSA. With the DNA, we observed interactions of an electrostatic nature, with contribution of the intercalation mechanism as the size and extent of conjugation of the orthomolected ligands increases, and the intercalation process is favored in the case of complex (1) with the dppn binder. Interaction studies of the complexes (1-5) with the HSA were performed. High complex-protein association constants (of the order 109 M-1) and alterations in the secondary structure were observed in the presence of the complexes (1-5). The thermodynamic parameters of interaction with DNA and HSA indicated that the clusters-biomolecules interactions also present hydrophobic contributions

Energiförbrukning är ett hett ämne i världen idag, eftersom världens befolkning fortsätter att växa. Som ett resultat ökar också den globala energiförbrukningen snabbt och utsläppen av koldioxid därmed, vilket påverkar global uppvärmning och klimatförändringar. Således kommer utvecklingen av förnybara energikällor att bli en av nödvändighet. Solenergi utgör en förnybar energikälla och uppvisar en enorm potential för att tillgodose det globala energibehovet. En solcell är kan användas för att omvandla solljus till elektricitet. Många typer av solceller har utvecklats under det senaste decenniet, och forskning för att förbättra effektiviteten kommer att fortsätta i framtiden. Material baserade på kopparhalogenidkomplex har uppvisat intressanta optiska och elektrokemiska egenskaper på grund av flera laddningsöverföringsexciterade tillstånd. Genom att kombinera kopparhalogenidsystem med organiska ligander med två bindningsgrupper, kommer komplexet att kunna bilda nätverksstrukturer i flera dimensioner och därmed effektivt kunna leda ström. Eftersom kopparhalogenidkomplex uppvisar unika optiska och elektriska egenskaper, är det värt att undersöka dem för användning i solceller. Syftet med examensarbete har varit att undersöka kopparhalogenidkomplex med optiska och elektrokemiska egenskaper. Kopparhalogenidkomplex med bidentatligander har syntetiserats och applicera som tunna filmer undersöktes. I kapitel 1 och 2 av uppsatsen presenteras bakgrunden och en introduktion av denna studie, samt de experimentella metoderna. I kapitel 3 beskrivs syntesen av kopparjodid-4,4'-bipyridinkomplex och karakteriseringen av detsamma. Applicering av det resulterande materialet på glassubstrat diskuteras också. I kapitel 4 beskrivs syntesen av kopparhalogenid-N-oxid-4,4'-bipyridinkomplex med efterföljande karakterisering. I kapitel 5 undersöks metoder för att applicera kopparjodidpyridin på koppar-folie och FTO-belagda glassubstrat. / Energy consumption is presently a hot topic in the world since the world’s population continues to grow. As a result, global energy consumption is increasing rapidly and the emission of carbon dioxide is also increasing, which causes global warming and climate change. Thus, the development of renewable energy sources will be one of the solutions. Solar energy is one of the renewable energy sources and has a huge potential to satisfy the global energy demand. A solar cell harvests light and converts it to electricity. Many kinds of solar cells have been developed in the past decades, and investigation for the improvement of the efficiency will be continued in the future. Copper halide organic complex materials have some potential for optical and electrochemical properties due to several charge transfer states inside the structure. By combining copper halide with bidentate organic ligands, the complex will form high dimensional network structure and will have electrical property due to the formation of electron conducting paths. Since copper halide complex has potential for unique optical and electrical properties, it is worth investigating for the further photovoltaic application. The aim of the thesis is to investigate copper halide complex material showing optical and electrochemical property. Copper halide complex with bidentate ligands were synthesized and the way to apply copper halide complex to films were also investigated in this thesis. In chapter 1 and 2, the background and the introduction of this study and the experimental methods are presented. In chapter 3, the synthesis of copper iodide 4,4’-bipyridine complex and the characterization of the complex sample are presented. The application of the complex to glass substrate is also discussed. In chapter 4, the synthesis of copper halide N-oxide-4,4’-bipyridine complex and the characterization are discussed. In chapter 5, the way to apply copper iodide pyridine to copper foil and FTO-coated glass substrate is discussed.