The Aegean Sea is considered to be a classic back-arc basin. Back-arc basins may develop by active processes including retreat of the overriding plate or upwelling from the subducting slab. Alternatively, back-arc basins may develop as passive responses to regional tensional stresses. The Biga Peninsula of western Turkey provides an opportunity to explore and test these models. The Biga region is characterized by granitoid plutons of Cretaceous to Miocene age that may provide insight into the nature of extension. This study focuses on understanding the evolution of three of these plutons, the Kozak, Eybek, and Kestanbolu. Geochemical and geochronological data and cathodoluminescence (CL) images of the rocks and zircons were acquired. The first in situ (in thin section) ion microprobe U-Pb ages of zircon, and the first zircon ages ever reported from the Kozak and Eybek plutons are presented. Zircon ages range from 36.5±6.6 Ma to 17.1±0.7 Ma (238U/206Pb, ±1) with two ages from a single grain of 280±18 Ma and 259±14 Ma. Samples from the Kozak and Eybek plutons are magnesian, calc-alkalic, and metaluminous, whereas the Kestanbolu rocks are magnesian, alkali-calcic, and metaluminous with one ferroan sample. The Rb vs. (Y+Nb) diagram suggests the Kozak and Kestanbolu plutons have a volcanic arc source, whereas the Eybek pluton records a within plate setting. CL imagery documents magma mixing, brittle deformation, and fluid- rock interactions based upon cracked plagioclase cores, cross-cutting microcracks, and fluid reaction textures of myrmekite and red rims on alkali feldspar. The plutons were generated following the collision of the Sakarya continent with the Anatolide-Tauride block. Geochemical data suggest the Kozak and Kestanbolu granitoids were generated by fluid flux melting from dehydration of the subducting slab of the Anatolide-Tauride block. The Kestanbolu granitoid intruded into the Vardar Suture north of this collision, whereas the Eybek pluton was created within the lithosphere during exhumation of the Kazdağ Massif. The Eocene - Oligocene zircon ages indicate emplacement and initial crystallization of the plutons. Early Miocene ages indicate ongoing extension in the region at this time and are consistent with earlier interpretations that subduction slab roll-back along the Hellenic arc formed the extensional environment in the region at this time. / text

The purpose of this study is to understand the geological, petrographical, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of analcime-bearing tuffs in the Biga Peninsula and to determine formation process of these tuffs. The study area lies between Ayvacik and K&uuml / &ccedil / &uuml / kkuyu. The rock units are pre-Eocene basement rocks, Miocene Behram Volcanics (Arikli Tuff, andesite, andesitic agglomerate), Pliocene volcanics, Miocene lacustrine sediments (K&uuml / &ccedil / &uuml / kkuyu Formation) and Quaternary alluvium. Analcimes which are found in Arikli Tuff are the main objective of this study. Detailed petrographical, mineralogical and geochemical studies were caried out on the Arikli Tuff samples by using petrographical microscope, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, diffrential thermal analyses inductively coupled plasma &amp / #8211 / mass spectrometry and optical emission spectrometry. Fine-grained and coarse-grained analcime crystals in Arikli Tuff were determined by their colorless, isotropic, trapezohedral and low relief. In addition to petrographic study, SEM and XRD methods also confirmed the presence of analcime. Two modes of occurrences were determined by the petrographical and mineralogical studies / coarse-grained euhedral or anhedral crystals in cavities and pumice fragments and single crystals or clusters of fine-grained analcimes embedded in the matrix. It was stated that there are two types of formation of analcime / alteration of volcanic glass and precipitation from alkaline solution based on petrographical and SEM studies. Geochemical methods, moreover, support the formation types.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-12-06T11:00:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cora Rodrigues Junqueira.pdf: 1152321 bytes, checksum: fad8c04ec3b1bfaf39d87f4cdfe98153 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-06T11:00:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cora Rodrigues Junqueira.pdf: 1152321 bytes, checksum: fad8c04ec3b1bfaf39d87f4cdfe98153 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present work introduces a bibliographical research with critical reflection on the impact of the collaborative processes in the network, specifically in mobile applications, in the smart cities. The study was based on the contextualization of the theme, with a brief description of the concept of smart cities and origin of the term, as well as the survey and definition of concepts related to the processes of collective intelligence and its derivations, and concepts related to big data and networked organizations, based on the work of Clay Shirky, Manuel Castells, Lucia Santaella, James Surowiecki and Henry Jenkins. After the support of the historical survey, this work approaches the case studies of two companies engaged as mobilizing agents, focused on one of the basic principles of improvement of the city, main focus of this work: urban mobility, with the common ground on data update from a collaborative system, collective intelligence and big data. In order to investigate how and to what extent the collective power is applied in smart cities, acting both a collector of urban data and a agent of change, it was necessary, in short, to understand the functioning of the smart city; to detect how the constitution of communities takes place; the influence of ICT on the development of the city; to analyze how people engage, from the participatory culture and the formation of communities in the applications; in conclusion, to understand the convergence between big data and crowdsourcing in the smart city / O presente trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa de caráter bibliográfico, com reflexão crítica referente ao impacto dos processos colaborativos em rede, especificamente em aplicativos móveis, nas cidades inteligentes. O estudo se deu a partir da contextualização do tema, com uma breve descrição do conceito de cidades inteligentes e origem do termo, para assim entendêla na atualidade, bem como o levantamento e definição de conceitos relativos aos processos de inteligência coletiva e suas derivações, assim como os conceitos relativos ao big data e às organizações em rede, baseando-se nos trabalhos de, principalmente, Clay Shirky, Manuel Castells, Lucia Santaella, James Surowiecki e Henry Jenkins. Após o respaldo do levantamento histórico, chega-se nos estudos de casos de duas empresas engajadas como agentes mobilizadores, voltadas para um dos princípios básicos de aprimoramento da cidade, ponto focal deste trabalho: mobilidade urbana, tendo como ponto em comum a atualização de dados a partir de um sistema colaborativo, partindo da inteligência coletiva e big data. Afim de investigar como e em até que ponto o poder do coletivo é aplicado em cidades inteligentes, atuando tanto como coletor de dados urbanos, quanto agente de mudanças, foi necessário, em suma, compreender o funcionamento da cidade inteligente; detectar como se dá a constituição de comunidades; a influência das TIC no desenvolvimento da cidade; analisar como se dá o engajamento das pessoas, a partir da cultura participativa e da formação de comunidades nos aplicativos; em suma, entender a convergência entre big data e crowdsourcing na cidade inteligente

The dissertation analyses the reliefs and paintings on thirty-one different tombs in Western Anatolia erected between 600 and 450 BC, in order to illuminate the ways in which non-Greek elites were identified on their memorials. The tombs from three areas are treated: Phrygia, Hellespontine Phrygia and Lydia, where the primary language groups were Phrygian, Mysian and Lydian. There is little literary evidence for these regions, and what there is tends to focus on political developments. Descriptions of people and society are few, and tend to represent them from an outside perspective, grouping them according to cultural characteristics which differentiate them from Greeks. It is clear, however, that the regions were important, prosperous places, controlled by illustrious grandees and land marked with a relatively high proportion of monumental tombs. Of these monumental tombs, there is a relatively high number decorated with striking and articulate images. There is much to be gained from examining the images on these tombs, as ‘indigenous’ sources for how elite Western Anatolians described themselves. Previous approaches to the tombs and their images have tended to look at them individually or in smaller groups, and to concentrate on the transmission and reception of Persian and Greek culture in the Achaemenid provinces. This dissertation contributes a broader comparative study of the decorated tombs, focussing on the kinds of statuses the images represent and the cultural forms these took. By comparing the various methods of self-representation, it clarifies patterns of identities in Western Anatolia and their relationship to historical circumstances. The dissertation is divided into five chapters. An introduction outlines the scope and sample, the historical background, previous studies of the monuments, the definition of ‘identity’ and the methods of analysis adopted here. Three case study chapters present the regions and the decorated monuments within them. A concluding chapter synthesises three aspects: social identities (roles and spheres of life represented); geographic and chronological patterns; and cultural affiliations and orientations. The dissertation concludes that a tension between Persian identities and local traditions is evident in some of the tomb images, which relates to the political upheavals in Western Anatolia and the Aegean at the time of the Persian Wars.

[ES] El objetivo de la tesis es proponer una metodología que permita la definición de pasarelas de un único vano a partir de unas condiciones de contorno determinadas, utilizando unos diseños estéticamente atractivos. Se desarrolla el diseño y la formulación geométrica de tres pasarelas paramétricas, denominadas Von Mises, Monocontentio y Bicontentio, cuyo diseño se basa en cinco fundamentos básicos: integración en la geometría del terreno, búsqueda continua de la sencillez, siluetas que emanan del comportamiento estructural, formas unitarias y detalles perdurables. La silueta de la pasarela Von Mises se basa en la gráfica del criterio de comparación de Von Mises de una viga biapoyada, la del prototipo Monocontentio en la ley de momentos de una viga empotrada-apoyada y la de la pasarela Bicontentio en la gráfica de flectores de una viga biempotrada. El trabajo incluye una metodología de formulación, que permite obtener las expresiones matemáticas que gobiernan las principales dimensiones y espesores de las pasarelas, en función de su anchura y su luz. Un análisis comparativo de diferentes tipologías de pasarelas viga permite constatar la eficiencia de los prototipos Von Mises, Monocontentio y Bicontentio. Esta se debe a su canto variable adaptado a los esfuerzos de solicitación y al empotramiento en estribos. Asimismo, se realiza un análisis que liga el enfoque de diseño y el pensamiento ingenieril con la expresión estética de los puentes. La tesis supone la puesta en orden de una particular filosofía de diseño utilizada por el autor en una treintena de puentes proyectados durante los últimos 25 años, para poder ser aplicada de manera sistemática por otros profesionales. / [CA] L'objectiu de la tesi és proposar una metodologia que permeta la definició de passarel·les d'un únic tram a partir d'unes condicions de contorn determinades, utilitzant uns dissenys estèticament atractius. Es desenvolupa el disseny i la formulació geomètrica de tres passarel·les paramètriques, denominades Von Mises, Monocontentio i Bicontentio, el disseny de les quals es basa en cinc fonaments bàsics: integració en la geometria del terreny, cerca contínua de la senzillesa, siluetes que emanen del comportament estructural, formes unitàries i detalls perdurables. La silueta de la passarel·la Von Mises es basa en la gràfica del criteri de comparació de Von Mises d'una biga bi- recolzada, la del prototip Monocontentio en la llei de moments d'una biga encastada-recolzada i la de la passarel·la Bicontentio en la gràfica de flectors d'una biga bi-encastada. El treball inclou una metodologia de formulació, que permet obtindre les expressions matemàtiques que governen les principals dimensions i grossàries de les passarel·les, en funció de la seua amplària i la seua llum. Una anàlisi comparativa de diferents tipologies de passarel·les biga permet constatar l'eficiència dels prototips Von Mises, Monocontentio i Bicontentio. Aquesta es deu al seu cant variable adaptat als esforços de sol·licitació i a l'encast en estreps. Així mateix es realitza una anàlisi que lliga l'enfocament de disseny i el pensament de l'enginyer amb l'expressió estètica dels ponts. / [EN] The purpose of this thesis is to propose a methodology for single-span, pedestrian bridges, based on specific conditions, using an attractive design.This thesis explains the design and geometric formulation of three types of pedestrian bridges, namely Von Mises, Monocontentio and Bicontentio. Their designs are based on five basic principles: (1) integration into the geometry of the environment; (2) permanent search for simplicity; (3) design based on a geometry that emanates from structural behavior; (4) uniform shapes; and (5) enduring details. The silhouette of the Von Mises bridge is inspired by the Von Mises criterion graph, corresponding to a simply- supported beam.The Monocontentio prototype is inspired by the bending moment diagram of a beam fixed at one end and simply supported at the other end. The Bicontentio bridge is inspired by the bending moment diagram of a beam fixed at both ends. This thesis includes a formulation methodology that defines mathematical expressions that govern the main dimensions and thickness of a pedestrian bridge, depending on its respective width and span. A comparative analysis demonstrates the efficiency of these three particular prototypes, due to their variable depth, adapted to the internal forces, and due to fix the structure in abutments. Likewise, this paper analyses and links the design and engineering with the aesthetic expression of the bridges.The author has used this design philosophy in thirty bridge projects over the last 25 years, and such philosophy may be applied in a systematic way by other professionals. / Guisasola Ron, M. (2022). Desarrollo de nuevas formas parametrizadas para pasarelas eficientes y elegantes [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/180776 / TESIS