<p>Som följd av utökat tillstånd för produktion vid Billerud AB:s pappersbruk, Gruvön, i Grums har bruket byggt en ny avloppsreningsanläggning med flerstegsrening. Den tidigare reningsanläggningen, en luftad damm belägen i Ålviken i anslutning till Vänern, kommer därmed att stängas. Syftet med föreliggande rapport har därför varit att undersöka huruvida dammen behöver hållas aktiv genom luftning en tid framöver för att gynna nedbrytning av organiskt material samt undvika uppkomsten av illaluktande gaser.</p><p>Nedbrytningshastigheten har studerats med hjälp av glödförlust, COD-tester och alkalinitet. COD-testerna genomfördes enligt ampullmetoden Hach-Lange i miljölabbet vid Gruvöns bruk. Alkaliniteten har bestämts genom titrering av svavelsyra.</p><p>Försöken gjordes under en tidsperiod på tre månader. Slam hämtades från tre provpunkter i dammen och delades upp i en anläggning för aerobisk nedbrytning samt för anaerobisk nedbrytning. De resultat som framkom vid undersökningarna var att nedbrytningen i samtliga provpunkter sker långsamt. Genom linjärregression har tiden för nedbrytningen beräknats. För att bryta ner det organiska materialet i dammen skulle det, enligt den här metoden, ta ca 3 år för den anaeroba processen samt 15 år för den aeroba processen. Den stora tidsskillnaden här emellan beror till stor del på var i dammen slammet är upphämtat.</p><p>Att stänga av luftarna i dammen efter att avloppsvattenflödet stängts av innebär energimässiga och ekonomiska vinster. Den anaeroba nedbrytningen som följer därefter kommer då att skapa illaluktande gaser såsom svavelväte och metangas.</p> / <p>As a result of increased permission to produce paper and paper pulp at the paper mill Gruvön AB in Grums the mill has built a multiple step waste water treatment construction. The previous treat construction was an aerated lagoon located in Vänern which now will be shut down. The aim of this report is to examine whether this aerated lagoon needs to be aereated to keep the decomposition of the organic material and/or to avoid origin of odours.</p><p>The decomposition rate is studied by loss on ignition, COD-tests and alcalinity. The COD-tests was performed in the environmental lab at Gruvön by the ampoule method according to Hach-Lange. The alcalinity was determined by titration with sulfuric acid.</p><p>The experiments were performed during a period of three months. Sludge was collected from three test points from the lagoon. The sludge was then separated into one construction to measure the aerobic decomposition and one to measure the anaerobic decomposition. The results show that the decomposition rate is low. The decomposition rate has been evaluated by linear regression. This method indicates that it would take about three years for the anaerobic process and about 15 years for the aerobic process to degrade all the organic compound. The difference in time between the two processes is probably dependent on for example the test points localization in the lagoon.</p><p>To turn off the aerators of the lagoon could save energy and gain economical profits. The anaerobic decomposition that begins after closing down the aerators could result in creation of chemical odours such as hydrogen sulphide and methane.</p>

Som följd av utökat tillstånd för produktion vid Billerud AB:s pappersbruk, Gruvön, i Grums har bruket byggt en ny avloppsreningsanläggning med flerstegsrening. Den tidigare reningsanläggningen, en luftad damm belägen i Ålviken i anslutning till Vänern, kommer därmed att stängas. Syftet med föreliggande rapport har därför varit att undersöka huruvida dammen behöver hållas aktiv genom luftning en tid framöver för att gynna nedbrytning av organiskt material samt undvika uppkomsten av illaluktande gaser. Nedbrytningshastigheten har studerats med hjälp av glödförlust, COD-tester och alkalinitet. COD-testerna genomfördes enligt ampullmetoden Hach-Lange i miljölabbet vid Gruvöns bruk. Alkaliniteten har bestämts genom titrering av svavelsyra. Försöken gjordes under en tidsperiod på tre månader. Slam hämtades från tre provpunkter i dammen och delades upp i en anläggning för aerobisk nedbrytning samt för anaerobisk nedbrytning. De resultat som framkom vid undersökningarna var att nedbrytningen i samtliga provpunkter sker långsamt. Genom linjärregression har tiden för nedbrytningen beräknats. För att bryta ner det organiska materialet i dammen skulle det, enligt den här metoden, ta ca 3 år för den anaeroba processen samt 15 år för den aeroba processen. Den stora tidsskillnaden här emellan beror till stor del på var i dammen slammet är upphämtat. Att stänga av luftarna i dammen efter att avloppsvattenflödet stängts av innebär energimässiga och ekonomiska vinster. Den anaeroba nedbrytningen som följer därefter kommer då att skapa illaluktande gaser såsom svavelväte och metangas. / As a result of increased permission to produce paper and paper pulp at the paper mill Gruvön AB in Grums the mill has built a multiple step waste water treatment construction. The previous treat construction was an aerated lagoon located in Vänern which now will be shut down. The aim of this report is to examine whether this aerated lagoon needs to be aereated to keep the decomposition of the organic material and/or to avoid origin of odours. The decomposition rate is studied by loss on ignition, COD-tests and alcalinity. The COD-tests was performed in the environmental lab at Gruvön by the ampoule method according to Hach-Lange. The alcalinity was determined by titration with sulfuric acid. The experiments were performed during a period of three months. Sludge was collected from three test points from the lagoon. The sludge was then separated into one construction to measure the aerobic decomposition and one to measure the anaerobic decomposition. The results show that the decomposition rate is low. The decomposition rate has been evaluated by linear regression. This method indicates that it would take about three years for the anaerobic process and about 15 years for the aerobic process to degrade all the organic compound. The difference in time between the two processes is probably dependent on for example the test points localization in the lagoon. To turn off the aerators of the lagoon could save energy and gain economical profits. The anaerobic decomposition that begins after closing down the aerators could result in creation of chemical odours such as hydrogen sulphide and methane.

Christian Storjohann, a leading figure in the Swedish paper and pulp industry during the early 20th century, was at the heart of significant labor conflicts at Billerud AB in 1928 and 1932. These conflicts reflect not only the industrial and social tensions of the time but also an evolution in views on labor relations and conflict resolution. This work aims to explore the changes in Storjohann's actions and attitudes between these conflicts to understand the broader changes in labor market dynamics during the period. Both in light of individual actors' decisions and the broader societal and economic changes. Storjohann's case illustrates how external events like the Ådalen shootings and internal dynamics within organizations like SAF can lead to significant strategy shifts for individual actors. It also highlights the importance of economic circumstances, where Billerud's specific situation with the transition to artificial silk pulp production both enabled and motivated a different strategy than what had previously been applied. The analysis of the material also emphasizes how media and public discourse can influence and shape actors' perceptions and strategies. Storjohann's actions and rhetoric cannot be seen in isolation from the political and social climate of the time, where fear of communism and a quest for industrial peace were central themes. This reminds us of the importance of considering, in the analysis of social movements, not just the internal dynamics of the involved actors but also how external factors like media reporting and broader political currents affect their scope for action and strategic choices. Applying Charles Tilly's theory to Storjohann's actions and the broader industrial relations in Sweden during the early 20th century offers a nuanced understanding of how labor market actors navigate a complex landscape of interests, values, and power structures. It highlights how historical cases of labor market conflicts can provide insights for contemporary issues around labor relations, negotiation tactics, and conflict resolution. My research thus contributes to a deeper understanding of the long-term processes behind the development of the labor market and the strategies that actors use to navigate this development.