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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

租賃契約條件對商用不動產租金影響之研究 / The Effect of Contract Terms on the Rents of Commercial Real Estate

蔡汶靜, Tsai, Wen Ching Unknown Date (has links)
我國公部門出租不動產時,其租賃契約中之終止條件及續約條件等約定,與私部門間租賃契約頗有落差。而依據不動產估價技術規則第129 條規定:「不動產之租金估計應考慮契約內容、租期長短、使用目的、稅費負擔、租金水準、變遷狀態、租約更新、變更條件及其他相關因素估計之。」表示在訂定租金時需將契約內容及可能影響因素納入考量才符合公帄原則,然公部門租賃契約中之租金訂定是否將此等特殊條件納入考量,仍有待驗證。此部分在過去文獻中較少著墨,有鑑於此,本研究欲探討租賃契約中特殊條件(如單方面停止契約之權利)對租金之影響。 本研究先以特徵價格理論為基礎,建構複迴歸模型探討影響租金之因素,發現賦予出租方可逕為終止契約之權利,對商用不動產租金具有顯著影響;再進一步以二項式評價模式分析因終止契約條件不同,在租賃契約中隱含的實質選擇權價值變化,模擬結果發現租金成長率愈高,選擇權價值愈高;無風險利率愈高,選擇權價值愈低。研究結果符合選擇權理論,除了指出目前公部門資產租賃契約宜考量具特殊條件時租金之公帄性外,亦可提供爾後租約中含特殊條件時之租金定價參考。 / Rent is affected by various factors, including macro-economic, regional, individual and other related factors such as termination or renewal options. Public sectors in Taiwan prefer using template leasing contract for standardization concerns. The template leasing contract includes some terms favorable to lessors, such as termination option for lessors. The study focuses on the term to terminate the contract for lessors, which is especially considered imposing operation risk on tenants. This study at first employed the multi-regression model to examine factors affecting the rent level. Results show that the rent is significantly affected by the termination term for lessors besides other individual, regional and macro-economic variables. We further applied the binomial option pricing model to simulate how the value of leasing contract is affected by the termination options. Results show that the more the rent tends to grow, the higher value the termination term is; and the higher the interest rate, the lower value the termination term is. Results of this study provide precious implications for rent pricing as the contracts are embedded with the termination option.
2

Construction and Evaluation of Basket Options using the Binomial Option Pricing Model / Konstruktion och Evaluering av Korgoptioner med Binomialmodellen

Nordström, Robin, Tabari, Sepand January 2021 (has links)
Hedge funds use a variety of different financial instruments in order to try to achieve over-average returns without taking on excessive risk - options being one of the most common of these instruments. Basket options is a type of option that is written on several underlying assets that can be used to hedge risky positions. This project has been working together with the hedge fund Proxy P to develop software to construct basket options and to analyze their use as a hedging strategy. Construction of basket options can be performed through the use of several different mathematical models. These models range from complex continuous models, such as Monte Carlo simulations, to simple discrete models, such as the binomial option pricing model. In this project, the binomial option pricing model was chosen as the main tool to determine some quantities of basket options. It can conveniently handle both European and American options, independently of whether these are put or call options. The quantities calculated, the option price and option Delta, are dependent on the volatility and the initial price of the underlying. When evaluating the basket option there are two key assumptions that need to be studied. These key assumptions are if the weights and the initial price of the underlying change with each time step, or if they are held constant. It was found that both the weights and the price of the underlying should change dynamically with each time step. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the performance of the basket options used as a hedge, the project used historical data and measured how the options neutralized negative movements in the underlying. This was done through the use of the option Delta and the hedge ratio. What could be concluded was that the put basket option can serve as a relatively inexpensive hedge and minimize the risk on the downside in a sufficient matter. / Hedgefonder använder en rad olika finansiella instrument, där optioner är ett av de mest förekommande av dessa, för att generera överavkastning utan att ta överdriven risk. Korgoptioner, eller basket options som de kallas på engelska, är en typ av option som är skriven på flertalet underliggande tillgångar som kan användas för att gardera finansiella institutioner mot risk. Det här projektet har samarbetat med den svenska hedgefonden Proxy P för att utveckla programvara för att konstruera korgoptioner och evaluera hur de kan användas som hedgingstrategi. Konstrueringen av dessa korgoptioner kan göras med hjälp av flertalet matematiska mo-deller. Allt ifrån komplexa kontinuerliga modeller, som Monte Carlo simulering, till mer simpla diskreta modeller, som binomialprissättningsmodellen, kan användas. I detta projekt kommer binomialprissättningsmodellen användas för att beräkna relevanta kvantiteter gällande korgoptioner. Modellen kan hantera både optioner av den amerikanska och euro-peiska varianten, samt sälj- och köpoptioner. Relevanta kvantiteterna som benämnts gäller optionspriset samt optionens Delta, där dessa beror på marknadsvolatiliteten och startpriset på den underliggande tillgången. Vid utvärdering av korgoptionen behöver två antaganden tas i beaktande: att vikterna och initiala priset på underliggande ändras vid varje tidssteg eller om de hålls konstanta. Slutsatsen kunde dras att både vikterna och den underliggande tillgångens pris skulle vara dynamiska och därmed ändras vid varje tidssteg. För att kunna utvärdera hur väl korgoptioner fungerade som en hedge använde projektet historisk data för att utvärdera hur optionen neutraliserade negativa rörelser i den under-liggande tillgången. Denna utvärdering gjordes med avseende på Deltat hos optionen och hedgekvoten. Slutsatsen som kunde dras var att korgoptioner är ett relativt billigt sätt att hedga och minimera nedsidans risk.

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