<p> With the increased use of the internet, artificial intelligence, IoT, and wearable devices, it has become significantly critical to ensure security and confidentiality of information, particularly within these resource-constrained edge devices. The increased attentions to security and confidentially of information led to the development of computationally-secure cryptographic algorithms. At the same time, low-power sensing devices have emerged as highly promising tools for a wide range of technological applications such as diagnostics, physiological monitoring, and healthcare systems. The desire for seamless and continuous monitoring in sensing applications necessitates these devices to be compact in size and exhibit low power consumption, making them suitable for wearable or portable use with batterypowered operation.</p> <p> Keeping this objective in focus, I will structure this dissertation into the subsequent chapters. The first part (Chapter 2) will cover a theoretical analysis of the proposed Co-planar capacitivE Asymmetry SEnsing (CEASE) technique utilizing four on-die top-layer metal plates. Also, it will present the comparison with other sensing methods which are capacitive parallel and inductive sensing technique in terms of detection range through electromagnetic simulation. The second part (Chapters 3) of this this dissertation will involve explore of the concept of capacitive sensing in an IC layout and co-optimizing both the ground plane capacitance and the sensing capacitance to maximize sensitivity. It will present design of the post-processing circuits and systems with ultra-low power for sensing attacks and to prove the efficacy through the post-layout simulation results. Additionally, integration with digital SCA protection and AES-256 crypto core and checking the efficacy of the proposed method using the integrated detection and countermeasure system in post-layout simulations. Next in Chapter 4, we will show the lowest-power and the energy/conversion step time-based RDC for low frequency applications. It will presents the ways to enhance the energy-resolution trade-offs in time-based RDC, improving the rms jitter/phase noise with help of speed-up latches, to achieve higher bit-resolution. Furthermore, the power/performance trade-off in experiment through 3 different design variations optimized towards lowest energy baseline, higher resolution, and process portability tapeout and IC measurements is presented. Finally, in Chapter 5, we will show a novel proposed switchable dual-mode device that combines a high-frequency antenna and a Human Body Communication (HBC) coupler in a single device. The integration of these two modes addresses the limitations of HBC, such as restricted data transmission, and overcomes the drawbacks of signal absorption in the 24GHz frequency band by the human body. </p>

L'isolement de Mycobacterium tuberculosis par culture est la méthode de référence pour le diagnostic de la tuberculose. Le but de notre travail était d'améliorer et de faciliter le diagnostic par culture de la tuberculose. Dans un premier temps, nous avons produit une revue bibliographique en comparant les différentes techniques ou protocoles utilisés pour le diagnostic de la tuberculose. Ce travail nous a permis d'actualiser notre protocole de diagnostic, avec la mise en place d’un "kit-tuberculose" contenant des containers imprégnés de chlorhexidine pour la récupération et la décontamination directe d’échantillons cliniques non- invasifs, suivi par la culture sur un milieu solide à base d'oeuf, et détection des colonies par microscope inversé ou par un système d'imagerie en temps réel. Nous avons mis en place une méthode de décontamination par 0,7%-chlorhexidine et avons montré que cette méthode était plus efficace que la méthode de référence NALC-NaOH. Ensuite, nous avons développé un milieu de culture à base de sérum animal, le MOD9 dont nous avons montré par une étude comparative qu'il était supérieur au milieu solide LJ de référence. Une deuxième étude comparant un protocole de décontamination par la chlorhexidine et culture sur milieu MOD9 au protocole standard, NALC-NaOH/Bactec960 a montré une supériorité par rapport au protocole standard. Enfin, la mise en place d'un système de détection des micro-colonies de M. tuberculosis sur MOD9 par imagerie en temps réel Advencis-Biosystem a permis de réduire le temps de détection de M. tuberculosis à 3,2 jours avec le protocole chlorhexidine/MOD9/Advencis, avec un record mondial de détection en 25h. / Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. The aim of my thesis work was to simplify and improve the culture diagnosis of tuberculosis. At first we started with a bibliographic study, comparing step by step the different techniques and protocols that have been used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. This work has allowed us to update our tuberculosis diagnosis protocol, starting with the implementation of a "Tuberculosis-kit" consisting of chlorhexidine containing containers for the recovery and decontamination of non-invasive specimens, followed by culture on an egg-based medium, a micro- colonies detection using an inverted microscope or an automated real-time imaging incubator system and finally an identification using mass spectrometry. We established a new chlorhexidine- based decontamination method that we showed to be more efficient for the recovery and isolation of M. tuberculosis than the standard NALC-NaOH method. Than we developed a new serum-based culture medium, the MOD9 that we showed in a comparative study to be superior to the reference LJ medium for the recovery of M. tuberculosis. In a second study we proved that our chlorhexidine/MOD9 protocol was superior to the standard NALC-NaOH/Bactec 960 MGIT protocol for the isolation of M. tuberculosis. And finally the implementation of a real time imaging system for the detection of M. tuberculosis micro-colonies on MOD9 permits us to dramatically reduce the detection time from 15 days with the standard NALC-NaOH/Bactec 960 MGIT protocol to 3.2 days with our 0.7%-chlorhexidine/MOD9/Advencis-Biosystem protocol with a world record detection time of 25h.