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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Quantificação e identificação morfológica e bioquímica para confirmação fenotípica de S. mutans e S. sobrinus, utilizando o meio de cultura SB-20 modificado: Estudos in vitro e in vivo / Morphological and biochemical quantification and identification for phenotypic confirmation of S. mutans and S. sobrinus by modified SB-20 culture medium: in vitro and in vivo studies

Saravia, Marta Estela 01 March 2010 (has links)
Tendo em vista o importante papel desempenhado pelos Streptococcus mutans e pelos Streptococcus sobrinus na etiologia da cárie dental, assim como a relevância do meio de cultura empregado para a detecção desses microrganismos, os objetivos do presente estudo foram: Capítulo 1- Avaliar a eficácia do meio de cultura SB-20 modificado (SB-20M) na diferenciação morfológica de colônias de S. mutans e de S. sobrinus, comparativamente à análise bioquímica das colônias isoladas, na saliva de crianças; Capítulo 2- Comparar os meios de cultura SB-20, SB-20M e MSB na quantificação (contagem) de unidades formadoras de colônias (ufc) e na diferenciação morfológica e bioquímica de S. mutans e S. sobrinus, na saliva de crianças; e Capítulo 3- Empregar o meio de cultura SB-20M sem ágar, denominado Caldo Sacarose-Bacitracina modificado (CaSaB- 20M), para avaliar a viabilidade de cepas padrão de S. mutans (ATCC25175) in vitro e a viabilidade de estreptococos do grupo mutans in vivo, nas cerdas de escovas dentais, após diferentes períodos de secagem. No Capítulo 1, a eficácia do meio SB-20M foi avaliada tomando-se amostras de saliva não-estimulada de 145 crianças de 6 a 12 anos de idade, por meio da técnica da espátula de madeira. Após semeadura e incubação em microaerofilia, foi efetuada a contagem das ufc em microscópio estereoscópico e realizada a identificação morfológica e bioquímica (biotipagem) das colônias de S. mutans e de S. sobrinus. Os resultados obtidos após as identificações morfológicas e bioquímicas foram comparados empregando o teste x2. No Capítulo 2, a comparação dos meios de cultura SB-20, SB-20M e MSB foi efetuada em amostras de saliva não-estimulada, colhidas de 20 crianças na faixa etária de 4 a 12 anos, em tubos de ensaio. Amostras de saliva pura e diluídas até 10-4 foram semeadas em placas contendo os referidos meios, por meio de um micrométodo, e incubadas em microaerofilia. A seguir, foi efetuada a contagem das ufc e a identificação morfológica e bioquímica das colônias de S. mutans e de S. sobrinus. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística, utilizando o teste de Wilcoxon e o teste exato de Fisher. No estudo in vitro do Capítulo 3, um total de 45 escovas dentais infantis, divididas em 9 grupos (n=5 por grupo), foram ontaminadas com uma suspensão contendo Streptococcus mutans (cepa ATCC 25175), na concentração de 1.720.000 unidades formadoras de colônias por mL (escala 0,5 de McFarland), durante 4 minutos. Logo após a lavagem, as escovas do Grupo 1 (controle) foram submetidas ao processamento microbiológico. As escovas dos Grupos 2 a 9 foram mantidas à temperatura ambiente por 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 e 72 horas, respectivamente, previamente ao processamento microbiológico, em meio de cultura CaSaB-20M. A seguir, foi efetuada a contagem de ufc de S. mutans nas cerdas. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis. No estudo in vivo do Capítulo 3 participaram 20 crianças de 4 a 8 anos com alto risco à cárie dental. Cada criança recebeu 13 escovações, com intervalo de 3 dias entre cada escovação, empregando sempre uma escova dental nova, sem dentifrício. As 260 escovas obtidas foram divididas em 13 grupos (n=20 por grupo). Logo após a lavagem, as escovas do Grupo 1 (controle) foram submetidas ao processamento microbiológico. As escovas dos Grupos 2 a 13 foram mantidas à temperatura ambiente por 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44 e 48 horas, respectivamente, previamente ao processamento microbiológico, ou seja, semeadura e incubação em meio CasB-20M. Após a incubação foi efetuada a contagem de ufc de S. mutans e a quantificação dos polissacarídeos extracelulares presentes nas cerdas. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados por meio do teste de Wilcoxon. O nível de significância em todas as análises estatísticas foi de 5%. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que o método de identificação morfológica, empregando o meio de cultura SB-20M, foi confiável para a identificação de S. mutans e S. sobrinus. Os meios SB-20 e SB-20M foram semelhantes na quantificação de estreptococos do grupo mutans e na identificação morfológica e bioquímica de S. mutans e de S. sobrinus, evidenciando que a ubstituição da sacarose pelo açúcar cristal não alterou a eficácia do meio. Quando comparado ao meio MSB, o SB-20M apresentou resultados estatisticamente superiores, com relação à uantificação de ufc e com relação à identificação morfológica e bioquímica de S. mutans e de S. sobrinus. O Caldo Sacarose-Bacitracina modificado (CaSaB-20M) permitiu avaliar a viabilidade de estreptococos do grupo mutans nas cerdas de escovas dentais, após diferentes períodos de secagem. De acordo com o estudo in vitro com cepa padrão de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), observou-se viabilidade de microrganismos nas escovas dentais por até 8 horas. Por outro lado, no estudo in vivo, os estreptococos do grupo mutans permaneceram viáveis por períodos superiores (44 horas) / The important role veloped by Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in dental caries ethyology as well as the relevance of the culture medium used for the detection of these microorganisms, the aims of the present study were divided into three parts as follows: Chapter 1 To evaluate the modified SB-20 culture medium efficacy (SB-20M) in the morphologic differentiation of the S. utans and S. sobrinus colonies comparatively to the biochemical analysis of the isolated colonies in childrens saliva samples; Chapter 2 To compare the culture media SB- 20, SB-20M, and MSB in the quantification (counting) of the colony forming units (cfu), and in the morphological and iochemical differentiation of S. mutans and S. sobrinus in childrens saliva; and Chapter 3 To employ the SB-20M culture medium without agar, called Sucrose Bacitracin Broth Modified (CaSaB-20M), in order to evaluate the viability of the in vitro S. mutans pattern strains (ATCC 25175), and the viability of the in vivo mutans streptococci in toothbrush bristles after different dry periods. In Chapter 1, the efficacy of the SB-20M was evaluated by wood spatula technique using non-stimulated saliva samples of 145 children of 6 to 12 years old. After seeding and incubation in microaerophilic conditions, the cfu counting in stereoscopic microscope, and the morphological and biochemical identification (biotyping) of S. mutans and S. sobrinus colonies were made. The results obtained after morphological and biochemical identifications were compared by the X2 test. In Chapter 2, the comparison of the SB-20, SB-20M, and MSB culture medium was made using assay tubes with non-stimulated saliva samples of 20 children with age between 4 and 12 years old. Samples of pure and diluted saliva (until 10-4) were seeded by a micromethod in Petri dishes with the culture media, and incubated under microaerophilic conditions, followed by the cfu counting, and morphological and biochemical identification of S. mutans and S. sobrinus colonies. The results obtained were submitted to the statistical analysis using Wilcoxon test and the exact Fisher test. In the in vitro study of the Chapter 3, a total of 45 childrens toothbrush divided in 9 groups (n=5 per group) were infected with a Streptococcus mutans (strain ATCC25175) suspension, under the concentration of 1.720.000 colony forming unities by mL (McFarland 0.5 scale) during 4 minutes. Briefly, after washing the Group 1 toothbrushes (control) were submitted to the microbiological processing. Group 2 to 9 toothbrushes were maintained in room temperature for 4, 8, 12, 14, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours respectively, previously to microbiological processing in CaSaB-20M culture medium. After that, the S. mutans cfu counting in the bristles were made. The results obtained were analysed by KruskalWallis test. In the in vivo study of the Chapter 3, 20 high caries risk children of 4 to 8 years old children have been participated. Each child received 13 times brushing, with intervals of 3 days between each brushing using always a new toothbrush with no toothpaste. The 260 obtained toothbrushes were divided into 13 groups (n=20 per group). After whashing the Group 1 toothbrushes (control) were submitted to microbiological processing. The other ones (groups 2 to 13) were maintained in room temperature for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48 hours respectively, previously the microbiological processing (CaSaB-20M). After incubation the S. mutans cfu counting and the quantification of extracellular polysaccharides present in the bristles were made. The data obtained were evaluated by Wilcoxon test. The level of significance in all statistical analysis was 5%. Based on the results obtained we could conclude that de morphological method for identification using SB-20M culture medium was trustable for the identification of S. mutans and S. sobrinus. The SB-20 and SB-20M showed the same effect in the quantification of the mutans streptococci, and in the morphological and biochemical identification of S. mutans and S. sobrinus evidentiating that the substitution of sucrose for coarse granular cane sugar (SB-20M) did not altered the efficacy of the medium. When compared to MSB medium, the SB-20M showed results statistically superiors with relation to cfu quantification, and morphological and biochemical of S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Sucrose-Bacitracin modified broth (CaSaB-20M) allowed the evaluation of the viability of mutans streptococci in toothbrush bristles after different drying times. According to the in vitro study with Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), we could observe viability of microorganisms in toothbrush bristles for 8 hours remaining. On the other hand, in the in vivo study the mutans streptococci remain viable for extended periods (44 hours).
2

Quantificação e identificação morfológica e bioquímica para confirmação fenotípica de S. mutans e S. sobrinus, utilizando o meio de cultura SB-20 modificado: Estudos in vitro e in vivo / Morphological and biochemical quantification and identification for phenotypic confirmation of S. mutans and S. sobrinus by modified SB-20 culture medium: in vitro and in vivo studies

Marta Estela Saravia 01 March 2010 (has links)
Tendo em vista o importante papel desempenhado pelos Streptococcus mutans e pelos Streptococcus sobrinus na etiologia da cárie dental, assim como a relevância do meio de cultura empregado para a detecção desses microrganismos, os objetivos do presente estudo foram: Capítulo 1- Avaliar a eficácia do meio de cultura SB-20 modificado (SB-20M) na diferenciação morfológica de colônias de S. mutans e de S. sobrinus, comparativamente à análise bioquímica das colônias isoladas, na saliva de crianças; Capítulo 2- Comparar os meios de cultura SB-20, SB-20M e MSB na quantificação (contagem) de unidades formadoras de colônias (ufc) e na diferenciação morfológica e bioquímica de S. mutans e S. sobrinus, na saliva de crianças; e Capítulo 3- Empregar o meio de cultura SB-20M sem ágar, denominado Caldo Sacarose-Bacitracina modificado (CaSaB- 20M), para avaliar a viabilidade de cepas padrão de S. mutans (ATCC25175) in vitro e a viabilidade de estreptococos do grupo mutans in vivo, nas cerdas de escovas dentais, após diferentes períodos de secagem. No Capítulo 1, a eficácia do meio SB-20M foi avaliada tomando-se amostras de saliva não-estimulada de 145 crianças de 6 a 12 anos de idade, por meio da técnica da espátula de madeira. Após semeadura e incubação em microaerofilia, foi efetuada a contagem das ufc em microscópio estereoscópico e realizada a identificação morfológica e bioquímica (biotipagem) das colônias de S. mutans e de S. sobrinus. Os resultados obtidos após as identificações morfológicas e bioquímicas foram comparados empregando o teste x2. No Capítulo 2, a comparação dos meios de cultura SB-20, SB-20M e MSB foi efetuada em amostras de saliva não-estimulada, colhidas de 20 crianças na faixa etária de 4 a 12 anos, em tubos de ensaio. Amostras de saliva pura e diluídas até 10-4 foram semeadas em placas contendo os referidos meios, por meio de um micrométodo, e incubadas em microaerofilia. A seguir, foi efetuada a contagem das ufc e a identificação morfológica e bioquímica das colônias de S. mutans e de S. sobrinus. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística, utilizando o teste de Wilcoxon e o teste exato de Fisher. No estudo in vitro do Capítulo 3, um total de 45 escovas dentais infantis, divididas em 9 grupos (n=5 por grupo), foram ontaminadas com uma suspensão contendo Streptococcus mutans (cepa ATCC 25175), na concentração de 1.720.000 unidades formadoras de colônias por mL (escala 0,5 de McFarland), durante 4 minutos. Logo após a lavagem, as escovas do Grupo 1 (controle) foram submetidas ao processamento microbiológico. As escovas dos Grupos 2 a 9 foram mantidas à temperatura ambiente por 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 e 72 horas, respectivamente, previamente ao processamento microbiológico, em meio de cultura CaSaB-20M. A seguir, foi efetuada a contagem de ufc de S. mutans nas cerdas. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis. No estudo in vivo do Capítulo 3 participaram 20 crianças de 4 a 8 anos com alto risco à cárie dental. Cada criança recebeu 13 escovações, com intervalo de 3 dias entre cada escovação, empregando sempre uma escova dental nova, sem dentifrício. As 260 escovas obtidas foram divididas em 13 grupos (n=20 por grupo). Logo após a lavagem, as escovas do Grupo 1 (controle) foram submetidas ao processamento microbiológico. As escovas dos Grupos 2 a 13 foram mantidas à temperatura ambiente por 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44 e 48 horas, respectivamente, previamente ao processamento microbiológico, ou seja, semeadura e incubação em meio CasB-20M. Após a incubação foi efetuada a contagem de ufc de S. mutans e a quantificação dos polissacarídeos extracelulares presentes nas cerdas. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados por meio do teste de Wilcoxon. O nível de significância em todas as análises estatísticas foi de 5%. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que o método de identificação morfológica, empregando o meio de cultura SB-20M, foi confiável para a identificação de S. mutans e S. sobrinus. Os meios SB-20 e SB-20M foram semelhantes na quantificação de estreptococos do grupo mutans e na identificação morfológica e bioquímica de S. mutans e de S. sobrinus, evidenciando que a ubstituição da sacarose pelo açúcar cristal não alterou a eficácia do meio. Quando comparado ao meio MSB, o SB-20M apresentou resultados estatisticamente superiores, com relação à uantificação de ufc e com relação à identificação morfológica e bioquímica de S. mutans e de S. sobrinus. O Caldo Sacarose-Bacitracina modificado (CaSaB-20M) permitiu avaliar a viabilidade de estreptococos do grupo mutans nas cerdas de escovas dentais, após diferentes períodos de secagem. De acordo com o estudo in vitro com cepa padrão de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), observou-se viabilidade de microrganismos nas escovas dentais por até 8 horas. Por outro lado, no estudo in vivo, os estreptococos do grupo mutans permaneceram viáveis por períodos superiores (44 horas) / The important role veloped by Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in dental caries ethyology as well as the relevance of the culture medium used for the detection of these microorganisms, the aims of the present study were divided into three parts as follows: Chapter 1 To evaluate the modified SB-20 culture medium efficacy (SB-20M) in the morphologic differentiation of the S. utans and S. sobrinus colonies comparatively to the biochemical analysis of the isolated colonies in childrens saliva samples; Chapter 2 To compare the culture media SB- 20, SB-20M, and MSB in the quantification (counting) of the colony forming units (cfu), and in the morphological and iochemical differentiation of S. mutans and S. sobrinus in childrens saliva; and Chapter 3 To employ the SB-20M culture medium without agar, called Sucrose Bacitracin Broth Modified (CaSaB-20M), in order to evaluate the viability of the in vitro S. mutans pattern strains (ATCC 25175), and the viability of the in vivo mutans streptococci in toothbrush bristles after different dry periods. In Chapter 1, the efficacy of the SB-20M was evaluated by wood spatula technique using non-stimulated saliva samples of 145 children of 6 to 12 years old. After seeding and incubation in microaerophilic conditions, the cfu counting in stereoscopic microscope, and the morphological and biochemical identification (biotyping) of S. mutans and S. sobrinus colonies were made. The results obtained after morphological and biochemical identifications were compared by the X2 test. In Chapter 2, the comparison of the SB-20, SB-20M, and MSB culture medium was made using assay tubes with non-stimulated saliva samples of 20 children with age between 4 and 12 years old. Samples of pure and diluted saliva (until 10-4) were seeded by a micromethod in Petri dishes with the culture media, and incubated under microaerophilic conditions, followed by the cfu counting, and morphological and biochemical identification of S. mutans and S. sobrinus colonies. The results obtained were submitted to the statistical analysis using Wilcoxon test and the exact Fisher test. In the in vitro study of the Chapter 3, a total of 45 childrens toothbrush divided in 9 groups (n=5 per group) were infected with a Streptococcus mutans (strain ATCC25175) suspension, under the concentration of 1.720.000 colony forming unities by mL (McFarland 0.5 scale) during 4 minutes. Briefly, after washing the Group 1 toothbrushes (control) were submitted to the microbiological processing. Group 2 to 9 toothbrushes were maintained in room temperature for 4, 8, 12, 14, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours respectively, previously to microbiological processing in CaSaB-20M culture medium. After that, the S. mutans cfu counting in the bristles were made. The results obtained were analysed by KruskalWallis test. In the in vivo study of the Chapter 3, 20 high caries risk children of 4 to 8 years old children have been participated. Each child received 13 times brushing, with intervals of 3 days between each brushing using always a new toothbrush with no toothpaste. The 260 obtained toothbrushes were divided into 13 groups (n=20 per group). After whashing the Group 1 toothbrushes (control) were submitted to microbiological processing. The other ones (groups 2 to 13) were maintained in room temperature for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48 hours respectively, previously the microbiological processing (CaSaB-20M). After incubation the S. mutans cfu counting and the quantification of extracellular polysaccharides present in the bristles were made. The data obtained were evaluated by Wilcoxon test. The level of significance in all statistical analysis was 5%. Based on the results obtained we could conclude that de morphological method for identification using SB-20M culture medium was trustable for the identification of S. mutans and S. sobrinus. The SB-20 and SB-20M showed the same effect in the quantification of the mutans streptococci, and in the morphological and biochemical identification of S. mutans and S. sobrinus evidentiating that the substitution of sucrose for coarse granular cane sugar (SB-20M) did not altered the efficacy of the medium. When compared to MSB medium, the SB-20M showed results statistically superiors with relation to cfu quantification, and morphological and biochemical of S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Sucrose-Bacitracin modified broth (CaSaB-20M) allowed the evaluation of the viability of mutans streptococci in toothbrush bristles after different drying times. According to the in vitro study with Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), we could observe viability of microorganisms in toothbrush bristles for 8 hours remaining. On the other hand, in the in vivo study the mutans streptococci remain viable for extended periods (44 hours).
3

Ταυτοποίηση ψευδομονάδων που απομονώνονται από το υδάτινο περιβάλλον με βιοχημικές, ηλεκτροφορητικές και μοριακές τεχνικές / Identification of pseudomonas isolated from the aquatic environment using biochemical, electrophoretic and molecular methods

Σαζακλή, Ελένη 28 June 2007 (has links)
Τρεις ευρέως χρησιμοποιούμενες μέθοδοι τυποποίησης, μια βιοχημική (API20NE), μια φαινοτυπική (SDS-PAGE) και μια μοριακή (RAPD) χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για την ταυτοποίηση και ταξινόμηση 160 περιβαλλοντικών ψευδομονάδων που απομονώθηκαν από το υδάτινο περιβάλλον της Νοτιοδυτικής Ελλάδας και συγκεκριμένα από εμφιαλωμένα νερά (46%), νερά δικτύου ύδρευσης (16%), κολυμβητικών δεξαμενών (9%) και θαλασσών (29%). Οι ψευδομονάδες ταυτοποιήθηκαν με βάση το βιοχημικό τους αποτύπωμα δια μέσου του συστήματος ΑΡΙ20ΝΕ, και στη συνέχεια υποβλήθηκαν σε ηλεκτροφόρηση των ολικών πρωτεϊνών τους (SDS-PAGE) και σε ανάλυση του γενετικού τους υλικού με τη μέθοδο RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs) με χρήση δύο διαφορετικών δεκαμερών εκκινητών (primers). Το σύστημα API20NE ταυτοποίησε το 88% των στελεχών διακρίνοντας 14 ομάδες-είδη, ενώ η SDS-PAGE ταξινόμησε το 98.1% σε 20 ομάδες και η RAPD το 94% των στελεχών σε 22 και 34 ομάδες, με εκκινητή τον OPA-13 και τον OPD-13 αντίστοιχα. Η ταξινόμηση προέκυψε με εφαρμογή της ανάλυσης κατά συστάδες (cluster analysis) των αποτυπωμάτων (πρωτεϊνικών και γενετικών) που παρήγαγαν τα στελέχη. Τα 20 στελέχη που δεν ταυτοποιήθηκαν σε επίπεδο είδους με το API20NE, ταξινομήθηκαν με την SDS-PAGE σε ποσοστό 100%, ενώ με την RAPD σε ποσοστό 90%. Οι τρεις μέθοδοι συγκρίθηκαν ως προς την επαναληψιμότητα (reproducibility), την ικανότητα τυποποίησης (typeability) και τη διακριτική ικανότητα (discriminatory power). Την μεγαλύτερη επαναληψιμότητα έδωσαν το API20NE και η RAPD με τον εκκινητή OPA-13, την μεγαλύτερη ικανότητα τυποποίησης η SDS-PAGE, ενώ τη μεγαλύτερη διακριτική ικανότητα έδωσε η RAPD με τον εκκινητή OPD-13. Η πλέον σωστή ταξινόμηση, όπως προέκυψε από τη διακριτή ανάλυση, επιτεύχθη με τη μέθοδο SDS-PAGE. Η παρούσα εργασία αποδεικνύει ότι τα βιοχημικά συστήματα ταυτοποίησης (όπως το API20NE) μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν με αξιοπιστία μόνο για αδρή αναγνώριση των περιβαλλοντικών ψευδομονάδων. Πληροφορίες σε βάθος για την ταυτότητα και τη φύση τους μπορούν να εξαχθούν με τη περαιτέρω εφαρμογή ηλεκτροφορητικών και μοριακών μεθόδων. Δεδομένης της ευρείας διασποράς, της ετερογένειας και της, έστω και δυνητικής, παθογόνου δράσης των ψευδομονάδων, είναι σημαντικό, από πλευράς δημόσιας υγείας, ο προσδιορισμός της ταυτότητάς τους να γίνεται με συνδυασμένη εφαρμογή βιοχημικών, ηλεκτροφορητικών και μοριακών μεθόδων ώστε να καθίσταται δυνατή η αναγνώριση στελεχών που μπορούν να αποτελέσουν αιτιολογικούς παράγοντες ασθενειών, ιδιαίτερα σε ομάδες υψηλού κινδύνου. / Three broadly used typing techniques, one biochemical (API20NE), one phenotypic (SDS-PAGE) and one molecular (RAPD), were employed for the identification and taxonomy of 160 environmental pseudomonas isolated from the aquatic environment in Southwestern Greece. In particular, the isolates were obtained from bottled waters (46%), potable waters (16%), waters from swimming pools (9%) and seawaters (29%). The isolates were identified by the system API20NE and then subjected to whole-cell protein electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) using two 10-mer primers. The API20NE system identified 88% of the whole bacterial population and classified them in 14 species, while SDS-PAGE classified 98.1% of the isolates in 20 groups and RAPD classified 94% of the strains in 22 groups using the primer OPA-13 and 34 groups using the primer OPD-13. The classification was achieved by applying cluster analysis in the protein or RAPD fingerprints of the isolates. Twenty isolates that could not be identified by the API20NE system, at least to the species level, were classified by the SDS-PAGE and the RAPD in a percentage of 100% and 90%, respectively. The reproducibility, typeability and discriminatory power of the three methods were compared to evaluate their application. The API20NE and the RAPD assay with primer OPA-13 showed better reproducibility in comparison with the other methods; the higher typeability was achieved by the SDS-PAGE assay while the higher discriminatory power was that obtained by the RAPD method with the primer OPD-13. The SDS-PAGE gave the higher percentage of “correctly classified” isolates, as it was assessed by discriminant analysis. This study shows that the rapid identification systems, such as the API20NE, may be reliable only for a rough characterization of environmental Pseudomonas. In order to acquire further information about their identities, other phenotypic and molecular techniques have to be applied. Given the ubiquity, heterogeneity and pathogenicity, either established or potential, of the environmental pseudomonas it is important, from a public health point of view, to monitor the identities of environmental Pseudomonas isolates using the combination of specific methods, so as to be possible for strains, which can serve as causative agents of diseases, especially in high risk population, to be recognizable.

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